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Pelodiscus huangshanensis sp. nov. Gong, Peng, Huang & Nie, 2021 (Figs. 2���5) Suggested English name: Huangshan soft-shelled turtle Suggested Chinese name: ������������ (Hu��ng Shān M�� t�� Biē) Holotype. ANU20210001, an adult male (Fig. 2), was found in a stream from Xikou Town, Xiuning County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, China (118.02��N, 29.69��E, and 170 m A. S. L.). The coordinates are given only with a precision of 0.01 degrees to avoid private or commercial sampling. The specimen was collected on 10 June 2017 and deposited at Anhui Normal University Museum (voucher: ANU20210001). Paratypes. ANU20210002, adult female (Fig 3); ANU20210003, adult female; ANU20210004, juvenile; ANU20210005, juvenile; CIB116368, juvenile; SNHM5414, juvenile. They were sampled from May to June, 2017 around the site of holotype. Diagnosis. Pelodiscus huangshanensis sp. nov. differs from the five known congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) Small size; maximum carapace length of 84.0 mm and maximum body length of 190 mm; (2) keel high; (3) tiny yellowish-white spots on the throat; (4) no black pinstripes around the eyes; (5) white longitudinal bands on both sides of the neck in juveniles, absent in adults (Fig. 4); (6) plastron yellowish-white, and only a dark patch on each side of the armpit; (7) many tubercles on the dorsal surface, but indistinct in the center; and (8) entoplastron ���⌒��� shaped. Description of holotype and Variation. Where they differ from the holotype, features of the paratypes are listed in parentheses (ANU20210002���5, CIB116368, SNHM5414). Holotype of an adult male (the first two are adult females and the last four are juveniles); carapace length 82.5 mm (adult females 73.4���84.0 mm, juvenile 40.5���55.9 mm); plastron length 79.3 mm (adult females 75.7���86.1 mm, juvenile 39.9���55.8 mm); body length 190.0 mm (adult females 144.9���160.0 mm, juvenile 88.2���114.7 mm) (Table 3). Back and side of head have many fine dark brown to black spots; no black pinstripes around the eyes. The neck shows no white longitudinal striae bilaterally (there are white longitudinal bands on both sides of the neck in juveniles). The throat has many tiny yellowish-white spots. The carapace slightly oval with a high keel. The carapace is olive brown to dark brown. The dorsal surface has many tubercles, but it is indistinct in the center. The plastron yellowish-white, and only a dark patch on each side of the armpit. Entoplastron ���⌒��� shaped. Ecological notes. On June 20, 2017, a female individual (raised in Xiuning Institute of Rare Aquatic Animals) laid five eggs with a postpartum weight of 134 g. The eggs are white, nearly spherical; average length 15.95 �� 0.11 (15.79���16.01) mm; average short diameter 15.6 �� 0.16 (15.56���15.89) mm; and average weight 2.12 �� 0.23 (1.84���2.4) g. Hatching occurs at natural temperatures after 60���65 days. The average weight of neonates was 1.30 �� 0.08 (1.20���1.40) g. Three months old horse-hoof soft-shelled turtles are shown in Fig. 5. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality of this species, Huangshan City, Anhui Province. We suggest the following common names: horse-hoof soft-shelled turtle in English and ���Hu��ng Shān M�� t�� Biē (������������)��� in Chinese. The native people of Huangshan have called it ���M�� t�� Biē (������)��� for more than a thousand years. Distribution. This species is currently known only from the type locality, Xiuning County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, China. Comparisons. Pelodiscus huangshanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. axenaria by the following morphological characters: (1) Many tubercles on the dorsal surface, but indistinct in the center (vs. smooth carapace, no tubercles); (2) plastron yellowish-white, and only a dark patch on each side of the armpit (vs. a single dark-gray central figure enclosed by the hypoplastra and xiphiplastra); and (3) white longitudinal bands on both sides of the neck in juveniles, absent in adults (vs. absence of spots on the neck). Pelodiscus huangshanensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from P. sinensis by the following morphological characters: (1) Small size; maximum carapace length 115.6 mm (vs. medium size; maximum carapace length 230 mm); (2) plastron yellowish-white, and only a dark patch on each side of the armpit (vs. plastron yellowishwhite with many dark spots); (3) keel high (vs. keel low); (4) no black pinstripes around the eyes (vs. black pinstripes around the eyes); (5) the throat has many tiny yellowish-white spots (vs. large yellowish-white spots with dark edges); and (6) entoplastron ���⌒��� shaped (vs. entoplastron �������� shaped). Pelodiscus huangshanensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from P. maackii by the following morphological characters: (1) Small size; maximum carapace length of 115.6 mm (vs. larger size; maximum carapace length more than 350 mm); (2) plastron yellowish-white, and only a dark patch on each side of the armpit (vs. plastron yellowish-white with no markings or relatively small, faint round to oval dark markings); (3) the throat has many tiny yellowish-white spots (vs. large yellowish-white spots with dark edges); (4) keel high (vs. keel low); and (5) no black stripes around the eyes (vs. black pinstripes around the eyes). Pelodiscus huangshanensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from P. parviformis by the following morphological characters: (1) Plastron yellowish-white, and only a dark patch on each side of the armpit (vs. plastron yellowish-white with no markings); (2) many tubercles on the dorsal surface, but indistinct in the center (vs. dorsal tubercles in longitudinal series more or less discrete; central tubercle in front of marginal ridge of carapace small); and (3) entoplastron ���⌒��� shaped (vs. entoplastron �������� shaped). Pelodiscus huangshanensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from P. variegatus by the following morphological characters: (1) Many tubercles on the dorsal surface, but indistinct in the center (vs. dorsal surface roughened by longitudinal ridging and smaller protuberances spread over the leathery margin); (2) plastron yellowish-white, and only a dark patch on each side of the armpit (vs. plastron pinkish white to pale reddish orange distinct, large dark blotches, underside of leathery margin of carapace pigmented); (3) no black pinstripes around the eyes (vs. black pinstripes around the eyes); and (4) the throat has many tiny yellowish-white spots (vs. large yellowish-white spots with dark edges)., Published as part of Gong, Yan-An, Peng, Li-Fang, Huang, Song, Lin, Yan-Feng, Huang, Ru-Yi, Xu, Yu-Hao, Yang, Dian-Cheng & Nie, Liu-Wang, 2021, A new species of the Genus Pelodiscus Fitzinger, 1835 (Testudines: Trionychidae) from Huangshan, Anhui, China, pp. 137-145 in Zootaxa 5060 (1) on pages 140-143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5606848

The supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle is proposed to be used as a typical application in 4th generation reactors. In the cycle, the performance of the regenerator has a significant impact on the performance of the entire cycle. As the specific heat capacity and density of SCO2 change significantly with the temperature and pressure. Therefore, in this paper, a new adaptive flow path regenerator is proposed and designed in order to further improve the performance of the regenerator, in which the flow path sizes varied with the CO2 density when the CO2 flowing through the regenerator. Firstly, the heat transfer performance and hydraulic performance of the adaptive flow path regenerators are analyzed in detail by simulation, and it is verified in theory that the design of new adaptive regenerator is feasible. Then, a new adaptive flow path regenerator with S-shaped fins is manufactured by metal 3D printing technology and the performances of the new regenerator are tested by a SCO2 experimental platform. The experimental results are consistent with simulation results and show that the performances of the new regenerator are significantly improved: the pressure loss can be reduced up to 69%, the effectiveness can be increased by nearly 2%, and the compactness and heat transfer rate can be improved at the same time.

HCI degradation of pass-gate transistor with forward and reverse stress biases in advanced FinFET technology is investigated comprehensively. Due to the bidirectional stress, pass-gate HCI shows larger degradation than conventional HCI, which can induce up to 50% error in predicting pass-gate delay degradation. Based on the proposed underlying physics, compact model of pass-gate HCI is developed and verified. With further analysis on circuit level, new simulation methodology is demonstrated. It is thus helpful to the reliability-aware circuit design in advanced FinFET technology.

In this study, the effects of droplet velocity non-uniformity, SMD (Sauter mean diameter) distribution non-uniformity, droplet number non-uniformity, and heating power on the fluid film thickness, fluid film velocity, and surface temperature distribution were investigated, and then the surface temperature non-uniformity correlations in non-boiling regime and nucleate boiling regime were correlated. The results show that: with the decreasing of the spray parameters non-uniformity, the fluid film thickness on the heating surface becomes more uniform, and the fluid film velocity increases, thus the surface temperature non-uniformity decreases. The highest surface temperature appears in the centre of the heating surface, and the lowest is nearby the position where the fluid film appears. The droplet number non-uniformity contributes the largest portion of impact on the surface temperature non-uniformity, followed by the droplet velocity non-uniformity. The effect of droplet SMD non-uniformity is the minimal. Finally, the surface temperature non-uniformity correlations in non-boiling regime and nucleate boiling regime were correlated with a mean absolute error of 20%.

Spray cooling is an effective method for dissipating high heat fluxes in the field of electronics thermal control. In this study, experiments were performed with distilled water as a test liquid to study the spray cooling heat transfer in non-boiling regime. A Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) was used to study the spray characteristics. The effects of spray flow rate, spray height, and inlet temperature on spray cooling heat transfer were investigated. It was found that the parameters affect heat transfer of spray cooling in non-boiling regime by the spray characteristics and working fluid thermophysical properties. Then the corresponding droplet axial velocity and Sauter mean diameter (SMD) were successfully correlated with mean absolute error of 15%, which were based upon the orifice diameter, the Weber and Reynolds numbers of the orifice flow prior to liquid breakup, dimensionless spray height and spray cross-section radius. The heat transfer in non-boiling regime was correlated with a mean absolute error of 7%, which was mainly associated with the working fluid thermophysical properties, the Weber and Reynolds numbers hitting the heating surface, dimensionless heating surface temperature and diameter.

In this study, a test system for spray cooling, in which the heating surface temperatures were simultaneously measured by thermocouples and an infrared imager, was set up. A mathematical model of spray cooling heat transfer characteristics was presented based on the fundamentals of dynamics and heat transfer. The temperature distribution on the heating surface was investigated by the experimental and theoretical methods, the surface temperature non-uniformity and its influencing factors were analyzed. The predictions by the model coincided with the experimental results well, and a comparison was demonstrated with a deviation below 10%. It can be concluded that the surface temperature non-uniformity is influenced by the spray characteristics, nozzle-to-surface distance, inlet pressure, heat flux, spray angle and the system pressure. In the case of the same heat flux, the surface temperature non-uniformity can be reduced by the small spray angle, low system pressure, low nozzle-to-surface distance, and the high inlet pressure.

In consideration of droplet–film impaction, film formation, film motion, bubble boiling (both wall nucleation bubbles and secondary nucleation bubbles), droplet–bubble interaction, bulk air convection and radiation, a model to predict the heat and mass transfer in spray cooling was presented in this paper. The droplet–film impaction was modeled based on an empirical correlation related with droplet Weber number. The film formation, film motion, bubble growth, and bubble motion were modeled based on dynamics fundamentals. The model was validated by the experimental results provided in this paper, and a favorable comparison was demonstrated with a deviation below 10%. The film thickness, film velocity, and non-uniform surface temperature distribution were obtained numerically, and then analyzed. A parameters sensitivity analysis was made to obtain the influence of spray angle, surface heat flux density, and spray flow rate on the surface temperature distribution, respectively. It can be concluded that the heat transfer induced by droplet–film impaction and film-surface convection is dominant in spray cooling under conditions that the heated surface is not superheated. However, the effect of boiling bubbles increases rapidly while the heated surface becomes superheated.

The effects of spray height, nozzle spray angle, inlet pressure and spray incident angle on heat transfer of spray cooling were studied by an experimental method. Multi-points thermocouples and infrared imaging device were used to measure temperature distribution on heating surface. A Doppler anemometry and a camera were applied to study the spray flow field. The mechanism of heat transfer of spray cooling was concluded on the basis of experimental data and spray characteristics. It is showed that parameters affect heat transfer by way of changing the flow field on the heating surface. Heat transfer performance can be optimized by a smaller spray angle nozzle, which sprays at a smaller spray height and a higher inlet pressure. The effect of incident angle on heat transfer depends on nozzle spray angle and the definition of distance of nozzle to surface.

The gyroresonant interaction between electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and energetic particles was studied in a multi-ion (H+, He+, and O+) plasma. The minimum resonant energy Emin, resonant wave frequency ω, and pitch angle diffusion coefficient Dαα were calculated at the center location of the symmetrical ring current: r ≈ 3.5RE with RE the Earth's radius. Emin is found to decrease rapidly from 10 MeV to a few keV with the increase in Ω in three bands: H+-band, He+-band and O+-band. Moreover, EMIC waves have substantial potential to scatter energetic (~100 keV) ions (mainly H+ and He+) into the loss cone and yield precipitation loss, suggesting that wave-particle interactions contribute to ring current decay.

The Mest (mesoderm-specific transcript) gene has been considered an imprinting gene in human and mouse, and was also confirmed in other mammals and flowering plants. To investigate the function and evolution of this gene, the cDNA of full length Mest gene was obtained using 5'- and 3'-RACE from the Chinese Large Toad ( Bufo gargarizans ). The transcript is 1 325 bp in length which contains a complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 326 amino acids (GenBank accession number: ABQ10905). There is a typical α/β hydrolase fold domain in the putative gene product, and it shows high similarity to sequence of homologous protein of Xenopus tropicali (86%), mammlian (70% . 80%). RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) analysis demonstrated that the Bufo gargarizans Mest (BgMest) gene is expressed widely in testis, ovary, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, stomach and lung. The conservation of the BgMest gene sequences, protein secondary structure of the BgMest protein, in addition to the expression pattern of the BgMest gene, suggested that the function of BgMest was conserved in amphibians. However, the phylogenetic tree of the imprinting gene of the mammals and other vertebrates examined in this study indicated their divergent origins.

There are almost no differences among the reaction rates of eight essential amino acids with ninhydrin and among the absorption spectra of their reaction products (i.e. these absorption curves are seriously overlapped with each other), therefore the simultaneous determinations of them are carried out by using neither differential rate kinetic method nor multi-wavelength spectrophotometry and nor derivative spectrometry unless pre-separation tactics of them are taken. In this paper, the conditions for chromogenic reactions of leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, lysine, threonine, valine, phenylalanine and methionine with ninhydrin have been anew optimized, then a partial least-squares (PLS) method for simultaneous determination of two mixtures each of which contains five different amino acids among above eight essential amino acids (processing data with microcomputer) has been developed. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and the results agree with both present values and those obtained by amino acid autoanalyzer. Besides, our experiments show that the PLS method is better than Kalman filter method.