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This work studies the use of Cu/Co‐MOFs for the removal of doxycycline hydrochloride (DOC) in wastewater. Cu/Co‐MOFs were prepared using a solvothermal method and characterized by XRD, SEM, and TG. According to the experimental results, the maximum DOC adsorption capacity of Cu/Co‐MOFs within 5 h was 268.5 mg/g. The pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) kinetic model shows that the R2 are all greater than 0.99, which proves that the theory DOC adsorption by Cu/Co‐MOFs is consistent with practice. According to the Freundlich isotherm model, the adsorption of DOC by Cu/Co‐MOFs is a multilayer adsorption. Thus, the results show that Cu/Co‐MOFs have practical application value in removing DOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Both ion-sharing interface and directional doping are employed to construct a heterostructured HER electro-catalyst. • Electronic structure and coordination chemistry of Mo and Co centers are tailored to optimize adsorption/desorption of H ads and OH– intermediates for lowering the energy barriers. • Mo center with more coordination vacancies are main active sites responsible for rate-limiting step in the Volmer-Heyrovsky regime. • This catalyst presents an extremely low overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline media, and excellent performance for overall water splitting. Interfacing and doping can effectively harmonize the electronic and coordination states of active centers in the electrocatalysts. Herein, we prepare heterostructured N-MoS 2 /Se-CoS 2 electrocatalyst with ion-sharing interfaces and directional doping to activate inert basal phases for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Based on experimental and theoretical results, their synergistic effects on electron redistribution, electronic structure and coordination chemistry are investigated; furthermore, roles of each component and bridged Mo-S-Co sites at the phase interfaces as active sites in optimizing the adsorption/desorption of essential reaction intermediates H* and OH–, as well as the free energies of unit reaction steps in the HER, are elucidated in depth. The N-MoS 2 /Se-CoS 2 catalyst needs only 37 mV to give current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a low Tafel slope of 49.4 mV dec−1; more importantly, the catalyst delivers a long-term durability for HER in alkaline condition and comparable performance with commercial RuO 2|| Pt/C system in a two-electrode assembled electrolyzer. This work provides more insights into the design and preparation of high-performance heterostructured electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-MOFs were prepared using a solvothermal method, and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. We explored the application of Fe-MOFs as an adsorbing material for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solutions. The experimental data were simulated by dynamics and the results showed that the pseudo–second-order kinetics model was appropriate for analysis of RhB removal. We studied the adsorption capacity of MOF materials under different masses, concentrations, and pH conditions. When the pH was 6, the maximum adsorption capacity within 4 h was 135 mg/g. In summation, the removal of RhB from wastewater using MOFs is feasible, inexpensive, and effective. Hence, our findings indicate that MOFs have a broad application in the purification of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abrasive belt has the advantages of high removal efficiency and high waste collection; furthermore, it does not easily damage the rail when applied in rail grinding. However, the poor wear consistency and short service life restrict its development in this field. It is important to explore the theory and technology of monitoring the abrasive belt wear condition to evaluate the means of improving the grinding performance of the belt. This article discusses the contact stress state between the belt and the rail surface. In addition, the study establishes the belt rail grinding force model during operation using the abrasive grain distribution function. The analysis of the force model proposes that the belt abrasion condition be monitored by using the force ratio parameter of the abrasive belt in the grinding process. The extraction method of the force ratio information is proposed in accordance with the grinding environment. The results of experiments successfully verified the validity of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac injury is a common complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can lead to poor clinical outcomes. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) activation exerts protective roles in the brain and heart, yet its potential impact on TBI or TBI-induced cardiac deficits remains elusive. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of AT2R activation on recovery after TBI-induced cognitive and cardiac injury using the selective nonpeptide AT2R agonist compound 21 (C21). TBI was induced by cortical impact injury in male adult C57BL/6J mice, and the mice received C21 (0.03 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) starting from 24 h after TBI and continuing once daily. C21 facilitated cognitive function recovery until 1 month after TBI. C21 alleviated blood-brain barrier leakage and brain edema and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain after 3 consecutive days of treatment. C21 improved cerebral blood flow after 1 month, although the lesion volume was not affected. C21 also reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the heart after a 3-day consecutive treatment. Meanwhile, C21 benefited cardiac function, as identified by increased left ventricular ejection fraction 1 month after TBI. In addition, C21 alleviated TBI-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis; however, blood pressure was not affected. Our results demonstrate that AT2R activation ameliorates TBI-induced neurological and cardiac deficits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, flexible strain sensors with excellent stretchability and sensitivity have attracted increasing interests. Most flexible strain sensors have multifunctional applications in human motion monitoring, transparent and wearable electronic systems, however, they also can be applied in other fields such as structural health monitoring (SHM). In this paper, a flexible strain sensor which was assembled by adhering graphene mesh film on liquid crystal polymer substrate constructed by an efficient, low-cost fabrication strategy for applying in SHM is presented. By means of monitoring the relative resistance change of graphene mesh film of the strain sensor, the strain caused by the minor displacement of the structure could be detected. The experiment results showed that the strain sensor had a high gauge factor (375–473) under different tensile strain (0.1–1.4%) and good stability (1000 test cycles). It can be verified that the sensor has high sensitivity and good stability, which makes it have potential application in SHM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A piezoresistive pressure sensor with the electrostatic self-detecting structure was developed in the paper, which can solve the issue of low efficiency and time-consuming drawbacks of the traditional method in testing and calibrating the sensor with the specialized equipment. The theoretical model of the composite membrane piezoresistive sensor was established, the analytical model of the electrostatic force driven by an electrostatic voltage was obtained, a feasible fabrication process based on flip-chip process was proposed based on the MEMS processing, the pressure sensor and its detection structure were manufactured to verify the validity of the model in the paper. From the experiment results, it can be verified that the sensitivity of the pressure sensor was 1.77 mV/hPa and the non-linearity was 1.19% respectively. At the same time, the electrostatic force used to test sensor calibration could replace the loaded pressure in the range between 110 and 500 hPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Developing an electrode material with improved ionic transport dynamics in a battery has been the focus of research. Here, we report a facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis method to prepare anode material of ultra-small SnS nanocrystals (NCs) anchored on N-doped graphene nanosheets (SnS/N-G), which is expected to significantly the dynamics of lithium transport, enabling an exceptional capacity of 1120.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 130 cycles and superior rate capabilities of 446.3 and 340.7 mAh g−1 at 2 and 3 A g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the lithiation/delithiation behaviors of SnS/N-G anode were observed in real time using in situ transmission electron microscopy to reveal the corresponding kinetics. By tracking the full lithiation procedure, in situ electron diffraction and high-resolution TEM imaging found that the original SnS phase was firstly transformed to Sn phase by conversion reaction and then to Li 22 Sn 5 phase by alloying reaction. Notably, a stable and reversible phase transformation was established between Li 22 Sn 5 and Sn phases during subsequent charge-discharge cycles. In the meantime, the volume expansion-induced pulverization of SnS NCs was evidently alleviated by graphene matrix that not only provided a two-dimensional support to buffer the volume change, but also improved the ion migration kinetics, as corroborated by superior rate capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics play a key role in various engineering applications due to their desirable properties, however, they are typical hard-brittle materials and famous for their poor machinability. Ultrasonic-assisted grinding, a processing method hybridizing the conventional grinding and ultrasonic vibration (UV) machining, is employed as the one applicable machining method for hard-brittle materials. This study focuses on internal grinding of SiC ceramics with the assistance of the UV, and its ductile-brittle transition behavior in the grinding process were investigated experimentally. Following the processing principal of internal grinding and UV machining (i.e., UV-assisted internal grinding, UVAIG), the UVAIG experiment rig were constructed. Conventional internal grinding (CIG) tests, i.e., internal grinding without UV, were also performed on the constructed rig for comparison. In addition, the grinding force and the grinding chips variation behavior with the UV amplitude were also investigated to explore the ductile-brittle transition mechanism in UVAIG. The experiment results evidence that (1) ductile mode grinding is easily achieved in UVAIG, and the critical depth of the cut is deeper in UVAIG than that in CIG, i.e., 0.072 μm in CIG and 0.093 μm in UVAIG; (2) increasing of the critical depth of cut in UVAIG is likely owing to the lower grinding force in UVAIG than that in CIG; and (3) the ultrasonic vibration acted on the axis of the grinding wheel helps in the removal of material on the work-surface, but decreases the grinding energy in the ductile-brittle transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel dual-drive MEMS device integrated with both a thermal actuator and an electrostatic actuator is proposed and fabricated, which realizes the convenient in-situ electro-mechanical test for nanomaterials. The drive mode can be agilely selected to analyze different mechanical properties and the accuracy of the test can be verified by self-contrast of the two driving modes. Using the nanomanipulator as the transfer method, coupled mechanical and electrical tests are carried out for TiO 2 nanowires. The measured Young's modulus of the nanowire in the two driving modes are 78.2 GPa and 85.6 GPa, and the fracture stress are 562 MPa and 584 MPa, respectively. The electron beam (e-beam) irradiation effect on electrical properties is investigated. Meanwhile, the resistance of the nanowires is determined as a variable of strain, which demonstrates the changes in resistance are the result of the loaded strains. The resistance decreases slightly after 2000 cycles of tensile, which is believed to be a delayed response brought about by electron beam irradiation. The experiment results indicate that the proposed MEMS device will facilitate the in-situ test of 1D/2D nanomaterials. [Display omitted] • A novel dual-drive MEMS device integrated both a thermal actuator and an electrostatic actuator was reported. • The drive mode can be conveniently selected. • The accuracy of the test can be verified by the two driving modes. • The coupled mechanical and electrical tests can be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the most primitive jawless vertebrate lamprey, the complement-dependent cytotoxicity regulated by variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) plays an important role in the adaptive immunity. Our previous studies have shown that the lamprey pore-forming protein (LPFP) acted as the terminal effector of VLR to lyse and kill the target cells. Here, the recombinant GST-LPFP protein was expressed and purified in prokaryotic expression system, and then used as the immunogen to produce mouse monoclonal antibody and rabbit polyclonal antibody. With these antibodies, we proved that LPFP existed as homodimers in the lamprey serum, and could be recruited to the membrane of target cells after stimulation. In conclusion, the antibodies we produced could specifically recognize the LPFP protein, which could be the useful tools to further study the pore-forming mechanism of LPFP. • LPFP protein was successfully expressed and purified via the prokaryotic expression system. • The rabbit polyclonal antibody and mouse monoclonal antibody with very high titers against LPFP were produced. • LPFP existed as a homodimer in the lamprey serum. • LPFP was recruited to the membrane of target cells to directly participate in the complement defense system in lamprey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An electrostatic pull-in beam has been widely used to measure material properties. There has been an increasing need for MEMS devices with composite films in recent years. This paper presents an approach to characterize the material properties of the composite films using the electrostatic pull-in test structure which is composed of the composite fixed-fixed beam. An analytical model for the pull-in voltage of the composite doubly-clamped beam is presented, which takes into account the influence of lateral residual stress along width direction of the composite beam. Based on this improved model, a test structure is designed to avoid the influence of lateral residual stress along the width of the composite beam. An in situ method for simultaneously extracting material properties (Young''s modulus and residual stress) of each layer for the composite films is reported. And doubly-clamped surface micromachined beams with multi-cup style anchors were fabricated to support the model of pull-in voltage. The validation and accuracy of the extracting method have been confirmed by FEM simulation and experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Wafer level thin film residual stress is generally determined by a full-field optical method, which converts the measured curvatures into the stress using Stoney formula. During the fabrication of the IC and MEMS devices, however, multilayered thin films are often generated on both sides of the wafer simultaneously. By extending the Stoney formula, this paper presents a method for measuring residual stress in the multilayered films on the wafer. In the method, only the back film layers of the wafer need to be etched in turn and corresponding curvature radii is measured by the full-field optical method. The residual stress of each film layer may then be obtained by the radii using the extended Stoney formula. By comparing the proposed method with the existing method using the traditional Stoney formula, it is shown that the proposed method is more simple and economical for practical applications. The extended Stoney formula was verified by Coventorware. Experiments show that the proposed method is simple and accurate for process monitoring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Experimental results indicate that an additional lateral deflector built on the outlet can increase the cavity length in aerators with a sudden vertical drop and lateral enlargement. Observation shows that the cavity length is affected by both the vertical and lateral dimensions of the deflector. A larger deflector increases the cavity length substantially and connects the bottom cavity with the sidewall ones which results in more sufficient aeration. However, the backward flow on the bottom may reduce the length of bottom cavity and the effectiveness of aeration. Factors affecting the bottom cavity length, including the slope of the outlet, the bucket angle of sill, and the shape of lateral deflector, should be included in the estimation of the bottom cavity length. Based on test results, an equation has been proposed to predict the cavity length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early stages of brain injury can induce acute liver injury, which can be recovered in the short term. Continued medication treatment during hospitalization for brain injury alleviates the prognosis and contributes to a high incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). We hypothesize that there is an interaction between changes in the hepatic environment after brain injury and liver injury produced by intensive drug administration, leading to an upregulation of the organism's sensitivity to DILI. In this study, mice models of TBI were established by controlled cortical impact (CCI) and models of DILI were constructed by acetaminophen (APAP). All mice were divided into four groups: Sham, TBI, APAP, and TBI+APAP, and related liver injury indicators in liver and serum were detected by Western blot, Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemical staining. The results suggested that liver injury induced in the early stages of brain injury recovered in 3 days, but this state could still significantly aggravate DILI, represented by higher liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), oxidative stress (increase in malondialdehyde [MDA] concentration and deregulation of glutathione [GSH] and superoxide dismutase [SOD] activities), inflammatory response (activation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and increased messenger RNA [mRNA] and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-1β), and apoptosis (TUNEL assay, upregulation of Bax protein and deregulation of Bcl-2 protein). In summary, our results suggested that TBI is a potential susceptibility factor for DILI and exacerbates DILI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In this manuscript, we have reported a convenient and cost-effective method to fabricate a strain sensor based on double-layer micro-structures with MWCNTs and Ecoflex (DMME), which possesses high sensitivity and wide linear workable range due to a synergetic effect of the double-conductive layer structures. The obtained stain sensor exhibits outstanding high gauge factors (GF = 29.4), relatively short response time (<200 ms), and excellent cycling stability over 5000 cycles. Moreover, based on the above excellent sensing performance, the DMME strain sensor is ideally qualified for human activity detection, medical monitoring, artificial intelligence devices, and other sensitive information collection. The increasing demand for wearable electronic devices is promoting the development of highly elastic strain sensors, which can monitor various physical parameters and essential factors for realizing next generation electronics. However, it is still challenging to simultaneously achieve wearable strain sensors with sufficient sensitivity within wide stretching sensing ranges under mechanical stimuli in view of their widespread applications, including electronic skin, smart textiles, as well as healthcare monitoring. Herein, we propose a simple, cost-effective strain sensor based on synergetic conductive networks constituted by double-layer microstructures with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and elastomer. The micro-spinous structures of MWCNTs and the peak-valley microstructures have extended stretching sensing ranges with high sensitivities. The double-layer strain sensor exhibits high gauge factors (GF = 12.3 and 29.4) in the two linear stretching strain ranges (0–50 % and 50–200 %) with a long-term reusability, low-hysteresis, and fast response under dynamic loading. This sensor demonstrates excellent mechanical performance in real-time human motion detecting and distinguishing subtle signals, such as vocalization, muscle motions, as well as fingers or wrists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate progression from the laboratory to commercial applications, it will be necessary to develop facile and scalable methods to produce high-quality quantum dots (QDs) of layered two-dimensional materials (LTMs). In this paper, we for the first time report a turbulence-induced disintegration method to prepare ultra-small BN and WS 2 QDs, which can easily be achieved only using a household kitchen blender to directly disintegrate their bulk counterparts in liquids. The resulting ultra-small BN and WS 2 QDs exhibit excellent photoluminescence and photo-thermal converting properties, respectively. As proof-of-concept applications, these properties have great promise in cell-imaging probes and photo-thermal therapy. This work not only provides successful paradigms for preparing the QDs of other LTMs but also demonstrates potential applications for the QDs. Unlabelled Image • This is the first report of using a household kitchen blender to easily prepare BN and WS 2 quantum dots. • As-prepared fluorescent BN quantum dots can be used for in vitro bio-imaging due to cell permeability and low cytotoxicity. • Well-crystallized WS 2 quantum dots possess great promise for targeted photo-thermal cancer therapy. • The universality of turbulence-induced disintegration methodology for preparing other QDs is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Theoretical model for magnetic flux density in magnetorheological finishing process. • Contrast of the influence of magnet arrangements on polishing in magnetic field generator. • More effective performance evaluation parameters of the magnetic field generator. • Comparison of the influence of different magnet arrangements on polishing performance. Magnetorheological finishing is a very effective polishing method, offering the advantages of high efficiency, low sub-surface damage and very flat finished surface. The magnetic field generator is the core component in magnetorheological finishing, and significantly affects the polishing efficiency and quality of the finished surface. This study focuses on how the arrangement of magnets in the magnetic field generator affects polishing. The relationship between the magnet arrangement and distribution of magnetic flux density was investigated by establishing a mathematical model of the magnetic flux density in the magnetorheological fluid present in the polishing zone. The effects of different distribution modes of the magnets on polishing were analyzed via simulation and experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aim to identify the specific CD4+ T‐cell subtype influenced by brain‐to‐CLN signaling and explore their role during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Cervical lymphadenectomy or cervical afferent lymphatic ligation was performed before TBI. Cytokine array and western blot were used to detect cytokines, while the motor function was assessed using mNss and rotarod test. CD4+ T‐cell subtypes in blood, brain, and CLNs were analyzed with Cytometry by time‐of‐flight analysis (CyTOF) or fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Brain edema and volume changes were measured by 9.4T MRI. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Results: Cervical lymphadenectomy and ligation of cervical lymphatic vessels resulted in a decreased infiltration of CD4+ T cells, specifically CD11b‐positive CD4+ T cells, within the affected region. The population of CD4+CD11b+ T cells increased in ligated CLNs, accompanied by a decrease in the average fluorescence intensity of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor‐1 (S1PR1) on these cells. Administration of CD4+CD11b+ T cells sorted from CLNs into the lateral ventricle reversed the attenuated neurologic deficits, brain edema, and lesion volume following cervical lymphadenectomy. Conclusion: The infiltration of CD4+CD11b+ T cells exacerbates secondary brain damage in TBI, and this process is modulated by brain‐to‐CLN signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the predictive factors of therapeutic efficacy for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) patients receiving atorvastatin combined with dexamethasone therapy by using clinical imaging characteristics in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) texture analysis (CTTA). Clinical imaging characteristics and CT texture parameters at admission were retrospectively investigated in 141 CSDH patients who received atorvastatin combined with dexamethasone therapy from June 2019 to December 2022. The patients were divided into a training set (n = 81) and a validation set (n = 60). Patients in the training data were divided into two groups based on the effectiveness of the treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the potential factors that could indicate the prognosis of CSDH patients in the training set. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of the significant factors in predicting the prognosis of CSDH patients and was validated using a validation set. The multivariate analysis showed that the hematoma density to brain parenchyma density ratio, singal min (minimum) and singal standard deviation of the pixel distribution histogram, and inhomogeneity were independent predictors for the prognosis of CSDH patients based on atorvastatin and dexamethasone therapy. The area under the ROC curve between the two groups was between 0.716 and 0.806. As determined by significant factors, the validation's accuracy range was 0.816 to 0.952. Clinical imaging characteristics in conjunction with CTTA could aid in distinguishing patients with CSDH who responded well to atorvastatin combined with dexamethasone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We have recently showed that atorvastatin (ATO) combined with low dose of dexamethasone (DEX) was more efficacious in treating patients with chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) than ATO monotherapy. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the improved efficacy of this combined therapy.Methods: Mass spectrometry was performed to quantitatively detect drugs in haematoma fluids and serum samples from CSDH patients and also in cultured macrophages after treatment with either ATO alone or in combination with DEX. The differentiation and apoptosis of macrophages were evaluated using flow cytometry. The expression of cytokines, chemokines and angiogenesis-related proteins was evaluated using proteome profile arrays, immunoblots and ELISA, respectively.Results: ATO was detected in haematoma fluids and serum samples, whose levels were increased significantly in samples collected from patients treated with both ATO and DEX. ATO was also increased in cultured macrophages treated with ATO and DEX. The numbers of M1-polarized macrophages were higher than the M2 phenotype in the haematoma fluids of patients. Cultured macrophages treated with ATO and DEX had reduced numbers of M1-polarized macrophages, increased numbers of M2-polarized macrophages as compared to monotherapies, and decreased rate of apoptosis induced by high-dose DEX. DEX enhanced the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activity of ATO by suppressing VEGFA and other inflammatory angiogenic factors. Consistent with the finding, patients responded well to the drug treatments had lower serum levels of VEGFA.Conclusions: We have shown for the first time that ATO given orally was detected in CSDH haematoma fluids. DEX enhances the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of ATO, primarily by increasing the presence of ATO in haematoma and macrophages and by regulating the functions of macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolytic reforming of toluene over Ni-based catalysts loaded on nano-sized and micro-sized γ-Al 2 O 3 is investigated in a fixed bed reactor under the temperature from 500 °C to 800 °C. The physicochemical properties of γ-Al 2 O 3 and Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts were characterized by HRTEM, XPS, XRD and H 2 -pulse chemisorption. The metal Ni loaded on micro-sized γ-Al 2 O 3 gave the steady toluene conversion of more than 80% and graphite yield of 87.3% after 1 h of reforming reaction. The rapid decrease of H 2 yield from 5.2 mmol/g-toluene to 0.4 mmol/g-toluene over Ni/nano-Al 2 O 3 was obtained during the 1 h of reforming reaction at 500 °C. The particle size of metal Ni over nano-sized and micro-sized γ-Al 2 O 3 were centered at 7.8 nm and 28.8 nm, respectively. The metastable NiC x crystallites were observed over the spent Ni/nano-Al 2 O 3 catalyst, while only metal Ni were obtained over the spent Ni/micro-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Ni0+ particle size-dependent crystalline phase was evidenced by MD simulations, where incorporation of more carbon atoms was achieved on small Ni particles. The energy barrier for –CH 2 dehydrogenation over Ni 32 C, Ni 4 C and Ni 3 C were estimated to be 90.2, 105.1 and 116.0 kJ/mol through the DFT simulation, respectively. It can be concluded that the crystalline Ni phase was maintained over Ni/micro-Al 2 O 3 with large Ni particle size, prolonging the catalytic endurance and promoting the CNTs (Carbon Nanotubes) growth without the deposition of unexpected amorphous carbon. • The influence of γ-Al 2 O 3 on Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalytic reforming performance was investigated. • Ni0+ particle size-dependent pyrolytic reforming for co-production of H 2 and CNTs was revealed. • The carbon solubility on Ni particles with different sizes was simulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-pole arrangements in magnetorheological plane finishing technology have been investigated in this study. A method of combining the material removal mechanism of micro-points using the empirical Preston equation is proposed to establish a prediction model for surface flatness, and the new Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) standard has been used to evaluate workpiece surface flatness. Based on the model, the effects of process parameters (polishing time, speed ratio, translational amplitude, polishing gap, etc.) on the flatness of workpieces with different shapes are predicted through simulation, and the effects of multi-pole arrangements are explored. The results of the analysis indicate that with changes in process parameters, the extent of change in surface flatness differs based on the shape of the workpiece. After polishing, concave workpieces show the highest levels of surface flatness. From simulations of magnetic pole arrangements, it is also found that magnetic field generators with different magnetic pole arrangements can be used for workpieces with different shapes to improve their surface flatness. Experiments with a workpiece with its shape measured using a white light interferometer showed that the surface flatness improved from being 33.561 μm initially to 21.822 μm after polishing, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

luxS-mediated autoinducer 2 (AI-2)-dependent quorum sensing (QS) has been demonstrated to affect many bacterial phenotypes, including virulence. Streptococcus agalactiae harbors a functional luxS gene required for the biosynthesis of AI-2. In this study, we investigated the regulation effect and mechanism of the luxS /AI-2 QS system in the pathogenicity of the piscine S. agalactiae strain GD201008-001. We found that inactivation of luxS caused a marked decrease in biofilm formation, hemolytic activity, antiphagocytosis and intracellular survival of S. agalactiae. Except for hemolytic activity, the altered phenotypes due to the luxS deletion were AI-2-independent. Further investigation indicated that high levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 could be induced in macrophages co-incubated with the luxS deletion mutant and synthetic AI-2, single or combined. Also, the results of tilapia infection showed that inactivation of luxS significantly decreased the virulence of S. agalactiae but upregulated the expression of cytokines in spleens and brains. Increased proinflammatory effects of the luxS mutant were restored in the luxS complemented strain but could not be restored by AI-2 addition. All the findings suggest that luxS is involved in virulence-associated phenotypes and immunological evasion of S. agalactiae , and furthermore, this involvement is mostly AI-2-independent. This study will provide valuable insights into our understanding of the role of the LuxS/AI-2 QS system in the pathogenesis of S. agalactiae. • Inactivation of luxS caused virulence decrease in the piscine S. agalactiae strain GD201008-001. • Both luxS deletion and AI-2 addition induced high expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. • Most of altered phenotypes due to the luxS deletion were AI-2-independent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetorheological finishing, considered as a promising polishing technique that can finish a nano-level smooth surface and free of surface or subsurface damage, has been widely utilized in ultra-smooth polishing of hard-to-machine materials. However, there are still several practical weaknesses in magnetorheological finishing (MRF) applied for wafer surface polishing. In this study, a new method using MRF effect was proposed for wafer polishing. Concretely, porous foam was used as a storage carrier of MR slurry, and thus, MR slurry can be bounded in porous foam in the finishing process (cluster MR-porous foam polishing, CMRPP). In this paper, an experimental rig was constructed to achieve CMRPP mechanism, the processing principle and material removal process in CMRPP were analyzed, and CMRPP experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of porous foam on surface polishing. The results indicate the following: (1) The polishing forces in CMRPP were increased compared to that of a cluster MR polishing without porous foam (CMRP), and CMRPP can get a greater shear force than of CMRP at a same normal force; (2) CMRPP can well hinder the solid-liquid separation and sustain the stability of the slurry performance; (3) CMRPP achieved a higher volumetric removal rate than that of CMRP and improving of material removal efficiency; (4) CMRPP can effectively achieve a nano-level smooth surface compared to that of CMRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated a facile, dual-template method to synthesize uniform sized dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (DMSNs) with a large pore size via an interfacial charge shielding (ICS) approach, wherein the electrostatic interaction between the cationic surfactant micelle (S+) and the negative silicate species (I−) was precisely tuned by the deliberate use of a non-ionic co-surfactant with a varied chemical structure and number of ethyl oxide (EO) units. A universal ICS mechanism on the cationic spherical micelle surface by precisely tuning the {S+I−} interaction was proposed to explain the formation of conventional mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) and DMSNs. Impressively, by precisely matching the hydrolysis and condensation rate of silicon and titanium sources, we successfully achieved the synthesis of titanium containing dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (Ti-DMSNs) with highly dispersed tetrahedral coordinated Ti atoms in silica frameworks, and it demonstrated a superior catalytic reactivity in the epoxidation of cyclohexene over the classical TS-1 and Ti-MCM-41. The elucidation of the formation mechanism of MSNs provided a new insight in the diversity-oriented synthesis of mesoporous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The discovery of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels challenged the traditional view regarding the lack of a lymphatic system in the central nervous system. It is now known that the intracranial lymphatic system plays an important role in fluid transport, macromolecule uptake, and immune cell trafficking. Studies have also shown that the function of the intracranial lymphatic system is significantly associated with neurological diseases; for example, an impaired intracranial lymphatic system can lead to Tau deposition and an increased lymphocyte count in the brain tissue of mice with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods: In this study, we assessed the changes in the intracranial lymphatic system after intracerebral hemorrhage and the regulatory effects of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels in an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model of male mice. Experimental mice were divided into three groups: Sham, ICH, and ICH + repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Three days after ICH, mice in the ICH+rTMS group were subjected to rTMS daily for 7 days. Thereafter, the function of the intracranial lymphatic system, clearance of RITC‐dextran and FITC‐dextran, and neurological functions were evaluated. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the ICH group had an impaired glymphatic system. Importantly, rTMS treatment could improve intracranial lymphatic system function as well as behavioral functions and enhance the clearance of parenchymal RITC‐dextran and FITC‐dextran after ICH. Conclusion: Our results indicate that rTMS can abrogate ICH‐induced brain parenchymal metabolite clearance dysfunction by regulating intracranial lymphatic drainage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work studies the use of Fe/Ni-MOFs for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in wastewater. Fe/Ni-MOFs are prepared by the solvothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG). Under the conditions of the concentration of 50 ppm, a mass of 30 mg, and a temperature of 30 °C, the maximum adsorption capacity of ciprofloxacin removal within 5 h was 232.1 mg/g. The maximum removal rate was 94.8% when 40 mg of the Fe/Ni-MOFs was added to the solution of 10 ppm ciprofloxacin. According to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model, the R2 values were all greater than 0.99, which proved that the adsorption theory of ciprofloxacin by Fe/Ni-MOFs was consistent with the practice. The adsorption results were mainly affected by solution pH and static electricity, as well as other factors. The Freundlich isotherm model characterized the adsorption of ciprofloxacin by Fe/Ni-MOFs as multilayer adsorption. The above results indicated that Fe/Ni-MOFs were effective in the practical application of ciprofloxacin removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistent dysregulation and accumulation of poisonous proteins from destructive neural tissues and cells activate pathological mechanisms after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The lymphatic drainage system of the brain, composed of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs), plays an essential role in the clearance of toxic waste after brain injury. The neuroprotective effect of interleukin 33 (IL-33) in TBI mice has been demonstrated; however, its impact on brain lymphatic drainage is unclear. Here, we established a fluid percussion injury model to examine the IL-33 administration effects on neurological function and lymphatic drainage in the acute brain of TBI mice. We verified that exogenous IL-33 could improve the motor and memory skills of TBI mice and demonstrated that in the acute phase, it increased the exchange of cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid, reversed the dysregulation and depolarization of aquaporin-4 in the cortex and hippocampus, improved the drainage of MLVs to deep cervical lymph nodes, and reduced tau accumulation and glial activation. We speculate that the protective effect of exogenous IL-33 on TBI mice's motor and cognitive functions is related to the enhancement of brain lymphatic drainage and toxic metabolite clearance from the cortex and hippocampus in the acute stage. These data further support the notion that IL-33 therapy may be an effective treatment strategy for alleviating acute brain injury after TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glymphatic-lymphatic fluid transport system (GLFTS) consists of glymphatic pathway and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphatic outflow routes, allowing biological liquids from the brain parenchyma to access the CSF along with perivascular space and to be cleaned out of the skull through lymphatic vessels. It is known that increased local pressure due to physical compression of tissue improves lymphatic transport in peripheral organs, but little is known about the exact relationship between increased intracranial pressure (IICP) and GLFTS. In this study, we verify our hypothesis that IICP significantly impacts GLFTS, and this effect depends on severity of the IICP. Using a previously developed inflating balloon model to induce IICP and inject fluorescent tracers into the cisterna magna, we found significant impairment of the glymphatic circulation after IICP. We further found that cerebrovascular occlusion occurred, and cerebrovascular pulsation decreased after IICP. IICP also interrupted the drainage of deep cervical lymph nodes and dorsal meningeal lymphatic function, enhancing spinal lymphatic outflow to the sacral lymph nodes. Notably, these effects were associated with the severity of IICP. Thus, our findings proved that the intensity of IICP significantly impacts GLFTS. This may have translational applications for preventing and treating related neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is effective for treating EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is now understood that drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells escaping from initial treatment eventually drives drug resistance. Here, through integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics, we found that the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) was specifically accumulated in DTP cells, and demonstrated that treatment with EGFR-TKI heightened the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in ACh biosynthesis via YAP mediation. Genetic and pharmacological manipulation of ACh biosynthesis or ACh signaling could predictably regulate the extent of DTP formation in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, pharmacologically targeting ACh/M3R signaling with an FDA-approved drug, darifenacin, retarded tumor relapse in vivo. Mechanistically, upregulated ACh metabolism mediated drug tolerance in part through activating WNT signaling via ACh muscarinic receptor 3 (M3R). Importantly, we showed that aberrant ACh metabolism in patients with NSCLC played a potential role in predicting EGFR-TKI response rate and progression-free survival. Our study therefore defines a therapeutic strategy - targeting the ACh/M3R/WNT axis - for manipulating EGFR TKI drug tolerance in the treatment of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With over 2 million new cases annually, stroke is associated with the higher amount of disability-adjusted life-years lost than any other disease in China; however, the relationship between sleep time and stroke has not been concluded yet. Aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sleep duration and stroke history in middle-aged and elderly people in Guiyang, China. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey carried out in 40– 99-years-old permanent residents of Guiyang. Yunyan, Wudang, and Baiyun districts and Xiuwen County were selected by stratified multilevel sampling for a face-to-face survey. Demographics, history of stroke, and self-reported sleep behavior data were collected, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to gradually adjust possible confounding factors. Results: A total of 5065 participants were included, of them 126 (2.5%) had a history of stroke. Short sleep (< 7 h) was observed in 11.0%, sufficient sleep (7– 9 h) in 69.4%, and long sleep (> 9 h) in 19.6%. Sleep duration and stroke prevalence showed a U-shaped distribution. When taking the sleep duration of 7– 9 h as a reference, sleep duration > 9 h was associated with stroke (all P < 0.05) in the univariable model (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.83– 3.93) and in the multivariable models 1 (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.59– 3.47), 2 (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.53– 3.37), 3 (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.51– 3.33), and 4 (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.39– 3.19). There were no significant differences between the < 7 and 7– 9 h groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Thus, long sleep duration (> 9 h) is independently associated with history of stroke in middle-aged and elderly people in Guiyang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing under factors such as shadow fading, this paper improved a cooperative spectrum sensing method based on the combination of dynamic threshold and credibility would be adopted. Firstly, the method used the cognitive users detection signal to noise ratio to filter the cognitive users that have low detecting reliability. Then, the cognitive user based on the detection signal-to-noise ratio set a dynamic threshold, suitable for itself and its energy detection. Finally, the fusion center in conjunction with the single node sensing results and the allocation of transmission credibility made a final judgment. The simulation results show that the detection channel and the transmission channel are severely affected by factors such as shadow fading, this will be compared with mere dynamic threshold cooperative sensing and traditional weighted collaborative sensing method based on trust, the method can obtain a high detection probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops an analytical model for the deflection of clamped–clamped multilayer beams as a function of applied voltage by the energy method. The normalized displacement of the center of the beams and the pull-in voltage have been obtained, the model is also suitable to clamped–clamped beams with compressive stress. The model results are compared with FEM simulations, provided by the CosolveEM module in Coventorware, showing excellent agreement. This provides an approach of extracting material properties for the multilayer beams. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: Follistatin-related gene 3 (FSTL3), an established oncogene, can modulate target gene expression via members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of FSTL3 in gastric cancer (GC) and to determine its prognostic significance. We also evaluated the possible mechanisms involved in the oncogenic role of FSTL3 in gastric carcinogenesis and development. Methods: We obtained data from the Human Protein Atlas, MethSurv, cBioPortal, UALCAN, TIMER, GEPIA, STRING, GeneMANIA, ONCOMINE, and MEXPRESS databases and examined it using R software. RNAi was used to establish stable FSTL3-knockdown (shFSTL3) and overexpression (OE) cell strains. Western blot; enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA); and immunohistochemical (ICH), immunofluorescence, and phalloidin staining were used for examining protein expression. Cell invasion and migration were determined using transwell and scratch-wound assays. After tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) generation, co-culturing of cancer cells with TAMs was performed to confirm the relationship between FSTL3 and TAMs. Results: In GC patients, FSTL3 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated. FSTL3 expression was significantly linked to cancer stage as well as to pathological tumor grade in GC. Moreover, a high expression of FSTL3 was associated with a dismal survival duration in patients with GC. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that FSTL3 overexpression could activate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by promoting F-actin expression and BMP/SMAD signaling. Finally, immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the overexpression of FSTL3 promoted the proliferation of M2 TAMs. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggest that FSTL3 may be involved in GC progression via the promotion of BMP/SMAD signaling-mediated EMT and M2 macrophage activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is widely activated in cancers. The mammalian UPR encompasses three signaling branches, namely inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α). The functional significance of each branch in tumorigenesis is incompletely understood, especially in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we report that inhibition and silencing of the three UPR sensors has differential effects on breast cancer growth and the CSC population. The levels of PERK and ATF6α strongly correlate with the expression of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2), a pluripotency regulator, in human breast cancer tissues. UPR activation is also elevated in the CSC-enriched mammospheres. Inhibition of the UPR sensors or excess ER stress markedly reduces the formation and maintenance of mammospheres, suggesting that an appropriate level of UPR activation is critical for the CSC survival. Mechanistically, transcription factors from UPR and pluripotency pathways interact and reciprocally influence each other. A transcription modulator, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPδ), interacts with pluripotency regulator, SOX2, and UPR transcription factors, thus likely serving as a link to coordinate UPR and pluripotency maintenance in CSCs. Our findings demonstrate that UPR is critical for both cancer growth and pluripotency, and highlight the differential role and complexity of the three UPR branches in tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel micromachined pressure sensor is reported. The sensor works based on the Hall effect. The structure and fabrication process of this sensor are presented. During measurement, the applied pressure changes from 30 to 110 kPa. Test results show that the output Hall voltage of the sensor increases linearly with the pressure applied on the membrane and the sensitivity is 22.8 µV/hPa. Furthermore, it is found that the output voltage is composed of two parts: the Hall voltage and the offset voltage. The offset voltage also changes with the applied pressure, but is much smaller than the Hall voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of carbon-based catalysts with excellent activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly desirable but still remains a significant challenge. Chemical doping and morphology engineering are paramount to enhance their catalytic performance toward HER. Herein, we present a novel and effective strategy to synthesize heteroatoms-doped three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanotubes/graphene hierarchical architecture (N,S-CNTs/N,S-G) on layered double oxide substrates, in which the N,S-doped CNTs are in-situ grown on both sides of N,S-doped graphene, by two differentiated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. The high concentrations of N and S dopants (up to 6.5 at.%) provide sufficient catalytic active sites for HER, while the CNTs seamlessly grafted on graphene ensure the excellent electric conductivity of N,S-CNTs/N,S-G hybrids. Consequently, the 3D N,S-CNTs/N,S-G composites display superior electrocatalytic activity for HER with an onset potential of 62 mV vs. RHE (achieve current density of 1 mA cm−2) and a small overpotential of 126 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which outperforms most of reported chemical doped carbon-based composites. The synthetic strategy facilitates the fabrication of other heteroatoms-doped 3D electrochemical catalysts. The hierarchical architecture formed by CNTs anchoring on graphene greatly impedes the aggregation of CNTs and stacking of graphene sheets, ensuring the exposure of catalytic active sites in both CNTs and graphene sheets. The synergistic N, S co-doping successfully increases the active sites and enhances the electron transfer, and thus significantly improving the HER catalytic activities of N,S-CNTs/N,S-G hybrids. Image 1 • The CNTs are in-situ welded on both sides of graphene by C–C covalent bonding. • There are high concentrations of N and S dopants in N,S-CNTs/N,S-G. • N,S-CNTs/N,S-G composites display superior electrocatalytic activity for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, multi-physical models of bending characteristics, including the static, dynamic and microwave models, are firstly proposed for the double-clamped beam switch based on flexible substrate. Both simulated and experimental verification have been carried out to prove that the changing regularity of the driving voltage and time of the switch is inversely proportional with the increase in the bending curvature of the flexible substrate. The microwave performance of the switch at the ON state is found to get worse with the increase in the bending curvature. The measured results indicate that when the bending curvature increases from 0 m−1 to 28.6 m−1, the measured driving voltage decreases from 90.0 V to 72.6 V with the error of 5.9% compared with the calculated results. The measured driving time decreases from 52.4 μs to 35.6 μs with the error of 16.7% compared with the calculated results. When the substrate bending curvature increases from 0 m−1 to 28.6 m−1, the measured reflection loss S11 of the switch gradually deteriorates from −27.1 dB to −22.0 dB with the error of 1.3 dB corresponding to the calculated results at 10 GHz. All the simulated and experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elucidating the generation mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for advanced oxidation processes with respect to environmental and biological sciences. Herein, self-generation of ROS such as hydroxyl radicals (·OH), superoxide radicals (O 2 •-) and singlet oxygen (1O 2) from the interaction between multi-layered flowerlike MoS 2 nanosheets and H 2 O 2 is presented. The results demonstrate that H 2 O 2 can exfoliate multi-layered MoS 2 into quantum dots and promote a 2H to 1 T phase change accompanied by the dissolution of MoS 2 to produce H+, MoO 4 2− and SO 4 2−. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy confirm the production of ·OH, superoxide radicals O 2 •- and 1O 2 in the MoS 2 /H 2 O 2 system. The calculation data based on density functional theory (DFT) indicate that the 1 T-MoS 2 can lower the free energy profiles for stepwise catalytic decomposition of H 2 O 2 to produce ROS as compared to 2H–MoS 2. • H 2 O 2 is decomposed into reactive oxygen species (ROS) over MoS 2. • MoS 2 is exfoliated and experiences a 2H to 1 T phase transition. • ·OH, O 2.•- and 1O 2 are the dominating ROS by the interaction between MoS 2 and H 2 O 2. • 1 T-MoS 2 can lower the free energy profiles for stepwise decomposition of H 2 O 2. • The degradation of methyl orange (MO) can probe the oxidation ability of ROS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanodiamond has varies of mechanical, chemical and biomedical advantages, but its nano-size and discrete particle properties hinder its wide applications. In this work, we have fabricated a nanodiamond electrode by spark plasma sintering technology and applied it as a heavy metal detection sensor. The detonation nanodiamond was pressed by using spark plasma sintering compaction at 900 K under 0.2 GPa pressure. Then, its structure and composition were analyzed by many characteristic techniques, while the porous electrode having a density of 1.45 g/cm3 with hardness >0.17 GPa. Comparing with traditional carbon-based electrodes, the spark plasma sintering nanodiamond electrode is inexpensive and environment friendly. The analytical performance was characterized and optimized to be 1.52–2.82 μA·μg·L−1 for vary types of heavy metal ions in acetate buffering solution. Ultimately, with stable, accurate and precise electrochemical spectroscopy, this nanodiamond sensor permits rapid detection of Cd2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+ as well as Pb2+, and could potentially be coupled with point-of-use portable measurement equipment in order to substitute the noble electrodes. Unlabelled Image • A feasible technique to fabricate a hybrid nanodiamond/metal/CNTs electrode • Rapid detection of heavy metal ions through accurate electrochemical spectroscopy • Relative high detecting sensitivity compared with other electrodes • Real-time online detection for civil and industrial pollution monitoring applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at improving the low measurement accuracy of the binocular vision sensor along the optical axis in the process of target tracking, we proposed a method for auxiliary correction using a laser-ranging sensor in this paper. In the process of system measurement, limited to the mechanical performance of the two-dimensional turntable, the measurement value of a laser-ranging sensor is lagged. In this paper, the lag information is updated directly to solve the time delay. Moreover, in order to give full play to the advantages of binocular vision sensors and laser-ranging sensors in target tracking, federated filtering is used to improve the information utilization and measurement accuracy and to solve the estimated correlation. The experimental results show that the real-time and measurement accuracy of the laser ranging-assisted binocular visual-tracking system is improved by the direct update algorithm and the federal filtering algorithm. The results of this paper are significant for binocular vision sensors and laser-ranging sensors in engineering applications involving target tracking systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For rechargeable batteries, ionic transport within the electrode materials is a critical process that controls the rate capability and energy efficiency of the battery. Despite substantial studies, the atomistic observation of the interfacial ionic transport and electrochemical reactions occurring between the solid‐state electrodes is lacking. Here, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to deliberately design an unusual sample configuration, enabling dynamic observation of the sodium ionic transport within a single‐crystal nanostructure and between different few‐layer phosphorene nanosheets. An unhindered and reversible ionic shuttling between few‐layer phosphorene is directly observed in real time. In addition, it is found that sodium transport kinetics are closely related to the interface orientation and the intimate contact between solid electrodes plays a significant role in inhibiting dendrite growth. Furthermore, by fast TEM imaging with ≈40 ms resolution a unique stripe‐like sodium transport behavior is observed in phosphorene, and the multiple sodium ionic transport pathways at the interfaces with atomic spatial resolution are revealed. This work may supply enlightening insights into understanding the solid–solid interfacial electrochemistry between electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]