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Wenlong Nie,* Yun Liu,* Jinshuai Lan, Ting Li, Yitian He, Zhe Li, Tong Zhang, Yue Ding School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tong Zhang; Yue Ding, Email zhangtongshutcm@hotmail.com; Dingyue-2001@hotmail.comBackground: Natural nanoparticles have been found to exist in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoctions. However, whether natural nanoparticles can influence the oral bioavailability of active compounds has not been elucidated. Using Xie-Bai-San decoction (XBSD) as an example, the purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize and elucidate the mechanism of the nanoparticles (N-XBSD) in XBSD, and further to explore whether the bioavailability of the main active compounds could be enhanced by N-XBSD.Methods: N-XBSD were isolated from XBSD, and investigated its characterization and study of its formation mechanism, and evaluation of its ability to enhance bioavailability of active compounds.Results: The N-XBSD was successfully isolated with the average particle size of 104.53 nm, PDI of 0.27 and zeta potential of − 5.14 mV. Meanwhile, all the eight active compounds were most presented in N-XBSD. Kukoamine B could self-assemble with mulberroside A or liquiritin to form nanoparticles, respectively. And the FT-IR and HRMS results indicated the possible binding of the ammonium group of kukoamine B with the phenolic hydroxyl group of mulberroside A or liquiritin, respectively. The established UPLC-MS/MS method was accurate and reliable and met the quantitative requirements. The pharmacokinetic behaviors of the N-XBSD and decoction were similar in rats. Most notably, compared to that of free drugs, the Cmax, AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, T1/2 and MRT0-∞ values of index compounds were the higher in N-XBSD, with a slower plasma clearance rate in rats.Conclusion: The major active compounds of XBSD were mainly distributed in N-XBSD, and N-XBSD was formed through self-assembly among active compounds. N-XBSD could obviously promote the bioavailability of active compounds, indicating natural nanoparticles of decoctions play an important role in therapeutic effects. Keywords: nanoparticles, enhancing bioavailability, comparative pharmacokinetics, UPLC-MS/MS, Xie-Bai-San decoction

Jun Wang,1 Wenjuan Nie,1 Liping Ma,1 Qiang Li,1 Ruixue Geng,2 Wenhui Shi,1 Naihui Chu1 1Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Tuberculosis Department, The Second Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Naihui Chu; Jun Wang, Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 108 950 9301, Email chunaihui1994@sina.com; wangjunzt@126.comObjective: Linezolid is increasingly used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis (TB) with good efficacy; however, its clinical use is limited by intolerable adverse events (AEs). This usually results in dose adjustment or even discontinuation. Contezolid is a new oxazolidinone antibiotic with in vitro antibacterial activity against MDR TB equivalent to linezolid, but its safety and efficacy in MDB TB treatment has not been established.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 25 TB patients who received both linezolid and contezolid in Beijing Chest Hospital from January 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. All patients received linezolid-containing anti-TB regimen first and then switched to contezolid-containing regimens due to the intolerable linezolid-related AEs.Results: Most (68%, 17/25) of the patients were diagnosed with RR-TB or MDR-TB. A total of 30 AEs were reported in these patients. About 26.7% (8/30) of the AEs were Grade 3 (severe) in severity. After switching to contezolid-containing anti-TB regimens for at least 1 month, the linezolid-related AEs were resolved or improved in 90% of the cases. Clinical improvement was observed in all patients after treatment with contezolid-containing regimen, with negative results of sputum culture and/or smear for M. tuberculosis in 84% of the patients.Conclusion: Contezolid can be the first choice instead of linezolid to combine with other anti-TB drugs if necessary. Well-designed clinical trials are required to further confirm the safety and efficacy of contezolid in the treatment of TB patients.Keywords: contezolid, safety, outcome, tuberculosis, linezolid

Lin Wei,1 Xiao Han,2 Xue Li,1 Bingjuan Han,1 Wenying Nie1 1Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bingjuan Han; Wenying Nie No. 2, Jianguo Xiaojing 3rd Road, Shizhong District, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 531-82060983; +86 531-8902957Email hbj208@163.com; goodddd@163.comPurpose: Mowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a rare complex malformation syndrome which is characterized by typical facial dysmorphism, moderate to severe intellectual disability, global developmental delay, and multiple congenital anomalies. Here, we summarize the clinical characteristics and gene mutation analysis of a Chinese boy with MWS.Patients and Methods: The clinical features of the patient were monitored. DNA extracted from peripheral blood was subjected to sequencing analysis. Then, the whole-exome sequencing was performed.Results: A novel deletion mutation (c.1137_1146del TAGTATGTCT) was identified in exon 8 of the ZEB2 gene. The deletion mutation was predicted to produce a truncated protein (p.S380Nfs*13), resulting in haploinsufficiency. The patient presented with short stature, microcephaly, congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism, corpus callosum agenesis, global developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Furthermore, he demonstrated bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. This manifestation is less common in MWS. It is first reported in Chinese patients with MWS. Clinical follow-up showed that the facial features of MWS developed with time. The facial features of the patient were not obvious except for the uplifted ear lobes at the age of 3 months. At the age of 22 months, the facial characteristics of the patient included ocular hypertelorism, frontal bossing, rounded nasal tip, sparse eyebrows, prominent chin, widely spaced teeth, and uplifted ear lobes with a central depression.Conclusion: A novel deletion mutation of the ZEB2 gene was identified. This work contributes to expanding the mutation spectra of MWS. Our results may reflect the variability of the phenotype in MWS.Keywords: Mowat–Wilson syndrome, ZEB2, gene mutation, phenotype

Wang W, Nie W, Liu D, et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;13:7003–7018. The authors have advised the representative image of the migratory HVSMCs for the TCP (Figure 13A) and PLLA/PLGA/PCL scaffold (Figure 13B) on Page 7017 were overlapped. Following a review of the original images, the authors found different sets of images were mixed when processing the data which resulted in the incorrect image to be used for PLLA/PLGA/PCL (Figure 13B). The correct Figure 13 is shown below. Figure 13 (A–D) The representative image of the migratory HVSMCs located on the lower site of Transwell membrane for the TCP, PLLA/PLGA/PCL, PLLA/PLGA/PCL-Heparin, and PLLA/PLGA/PCL-PDGF-BB scaffolds, respectively. (E) The quantification of HVSMCs migration. Abbreviations: HVSMCs, human vascular smooth muscle cells; PCL, poly(ε-caprolactone); PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor-BB; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PLLA, poly(L-lactic acid); TCP, tissue culture plate. Notes: *PP

Weizong Weng,1,2,* Xiaoqun Li,1,* Wei Nie,3 Haoyuan Liu,2 Shanshan Liu,2 Jianming Huang,2 Qirong Zhou,1 Jia He,1 Jiacan Su,1 Zhifeng Dong,4 Dongliang Wang5 1Department of Orthopeadics, Changhai Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China; 2Orthopaedics Department, Chenggong Hospital Affilaited to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of China; 5Orthopeadics Department, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dongliang Wang; Weizong Weng Email wangdongliang@xinhuanmed.com.cn; drwengweizong@163.comBackground: Bactericidal capacity, durable inhibition of biofilm formation, and a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure are the emphases of infected bone defect (IBD) treatment via local scaffold implantation strategy.Purpose: In this study, silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)@ reduced graphene oxide (RGO) 3D scaffolds (AHRG scaffolds) were designed to alleviate bone infection, inhibit biofilm formation, and promote bone repair through the synergistic effects of AgNPs, RGO, and nHA.Materials and Methods: AHRGs were prepared using a one-step preparation method, to create a 3D porous scaffold to facilitate a uniform distribution of AgNPs and nHA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used as a model-resistant bacterium, and the effects of different silver loadings on the antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility of materials were evaluated. Finally, a rabbit IBD model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the AHRG scaffold in vivo.Results: The results showed successful synthesis of the AHRG scaffold. The ideal 3D porous structure was verified using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction measurements revealed uniform distributions of AgNP and nHA. In vitro antibacterial and cytocompatibility indicated that the 4% AHRG scaffolds possessed the most favorable balance of bactericidal properties and cytocompatibility. In vivo evaluation of the IBD model showed promising treatment efficacy of AHRG scaffolds.Conclusion: The as-fabricated AHRG scaffolds effectively eliminated infection and inhibited biofilm formation. IBD repair was facilitated by the bactericidal properties and 3D porous structure of the AHRG scaffold, suggesting its potential in the treatment of IBDs.Keywords: biofilm, graphene oxide, hydroxyapatite, infected bone defect, scaffold, silver nanoparticles, three-dimensional

Wei Nie,1,2,* Yiming Gao,3,* David James McCoul,2 Gregory James Gillispie,2 YanZhong Zhang,1 Li Liang,4 ChuangLong He11State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China; 2Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27103, USA; 3Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine University Affiliated Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this workIntroduction: Hierarchical nanofibrous scaffolds are emerging as a promising bone repair material due to their high cell adhesion activity and nutrient permeability. However, the existing method for hierarchical nanofibrous scaffolds fabrication is complicated and not perfectly suitable for further biomedical application in view of both structure and function. In this study, we constructed a hierarchical nanofibrous poly (l-lactic acid)/poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PLLA/PCL) scaffold and further evaluated its bone healing ability.Methods: The hierarchical PLLA/PCL nanofibrous scaffold (PLLA/PCL) was prepared by one-pot TIPS and then rapidly mineralized at room temperature by an electrochemical deposition technique. After electrode-positioning at 2 V for 2 hrs, a scaffold coated with hydroxyapatite (M-PLLA/PCL) could be obtained.Results: The pore size of the M-PLLA/PCL scaffold was hierarchically distributed so as to match the biophysical structure for osteoblast growth. The M-PLLA/PCL scaffold showed better cell proliferation and osteogenesis activity compared to the PLLA/PCL scaffold. Further in vivo bone repair studies indicated that the M-PLLA/PCL scaffold could accelerate defect healing in 12 weeks.Conclusion: The results of this study implied that the as-prepared hydroxyapatite coated hierarchical PLLA/PCL nanofibrous scaffolds could be developed as a promising material for efficient bone tissue repair after carefully tuning the TIPS and electrodeposition parameters.Keywords: mineralization, hierarchical porous scaffold, electrodeposition, bone repair

Changhui Li,1 Jindong Guo,2 Lei Zhao,2 Fang Hu,1 Wei Nie,1 Huimin Wang,1 Xiaoxuan Zheng,1 Yinchen Shen,1 Ping Gu,1 Yujun Zhang,1 Xueyan Zhang11Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of ChinaPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of upfront whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients with multiple brain metastases (BM).Methods: In this study, 195 patients with EGFR mutations who had multiple BM at preliminary diagnosis were included and retrospectively reviewed. Patients were admitted to receive the following treatments in a multi-disciplinary setting: upfront WBRT followed by EGFR-TKI, concurrent EGFR-TKI and WBRT and upfront EGFR-TKI followed by WBRT. A disease-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) was performed for all the patients. The treatment response and overall survival (OS) were assessed as well.Results: The median OS of these patients was 27 months. Objective response rate (ORR) was significantly better in upfront WBRT group than other two groups (P=0.004). Moreover, patients who received upfront WBRT (n=67) had longer OS than the concomitant group (36 vs 25 months; P=0.006) and the upfront EGFR-TKI group (36 vs 25 months; P

Weizhong Wang,1 Wei Nie,1 Dinghua Liu,1 Haibo Du,1 Xiaojun Zhou,1 Liang Chen,1 Hongsheng Wang,1 Xiumei Mo,1 Lei Li,2 Chuanglong He1 1Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China Introduction: The fast degradation of vascular graft and the infiltration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into the vascular graft are considered to be critical for the regeneration of functional neo-vessels. In our previous study, a novel dual phase separation technique was developed to one-pot prepare macroporous nanofibrous poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) vascular scaffold by phase separating the immiscible polymer blend. However, the slow degradation of PLLA/PCL limited cell infiltration. Herein, we hypothesized that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) would be miscible with PLLA but immiscible with PCL. Then, PLGA can be introduced into the PLLA/PCL blend to fabricate macroporous nanofibrous scaffold with improved biodegradability by using dual phase separation technique. Materials and methods: The miscibility of PLGA with PLLA and PCL was evaluated. Then, the PLLA/PLGA/PCL scaffold was prepared by dual phase separation technique. The prepared scaffolds were characterized in terms of the morphology, in vitro degradation, mechanical properties, and cells’ infiltration and viability for human vascular SMCs (HVSMCs). Finally, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was immobilized on the scaffold and its effect on the bioactivity of HVSMCs was studied. Results: PLGA is miscible with PLLA but immiscible with PCL as hypothesized. The addition of PLGA enlarged the pore size and improved the biodegradability of composite scaffold. Notably, PLLA/PLGA/PCL scaffold with the blend ratio of 30:40:30 possessed improved pore interconnectivity for cells’ infiltration and enough mechanical properties. Moreover, HVSMCs could grow and infiltrate into this scaffold, and surface modification with PDGF-BB on the nanofibrous scaffold enhanced HVSMCs migration and proliferation. Conclusion: This study provides a strategy to expand dual phase separation technique into utilizing ternary even multinary polymer blend to fabricate macroporous nanofibrous scaffold with improved physicochemical properties. The prepared PLLA/PLGA/PCL scaffold would be promising for the regeneration of functional tunica media in vascular tissue engineering. Keywords: immiscible polymer blend, porous, nanofibrous, vascular scaffold, PDGF-BB

Xiang Gao,1,2 Xiaohui Deng,3 Xiawei Wei,2 Huashan Shi,2 Fengtian Wang,2 Tinghong Ye,2 Bin Shao,2 Wen Nie,2 Yuli Li,2 Min Luo,2 Changyang Gong,2 Ning Huang1 1Department of Pathophysiology, College of Preclinical and Forensic Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 2State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 3Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Adhesions can form after almost any type of abdominal surgery. Postoperative adhesions can be prevented by improved surgical techniques, such as reducing surgical trauma, preventing ischemia, and avoiding exposure of the peritoneal cavity to foreign materials. Although improved surgical techniques can potentially reduce formation of adhesions, they cannot be eliminated completely. Therefore, finding more effective methods to prevent postoperative adhesions is imperative. Recently, we found that a novel thermosensitive hydrogel, ie, poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCEC) had the potential to prevent postoperative adhesions. Using the ring-opening polymerization method, we prepared a PCEC copolymer which could be dissolved and assembled at 55°C into PCEC micelles with mean size of 25 nm. At body temperature, a solution containing PCEC micelles could convert into a hydrogel. The PCEC copolymer was biodegradable and had low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. We found that most animals in a hydrogel-treated group (n = 10) did not develop adhesions. In contrast, 10 untreated animals developed adhesions that could only be separated by sharp dissection (P < 0.001). The hydrogel could adhere to peritoneal wounds and degraded gradually over 7–9 days, transforming into a viscous fluid that was completely absorbed within 12 days. The injured parietal and visceral peritoneum remesothelialized over about seven and nine days, respectively. This study confirms that PCEC hydrogel has potential application in the prevention of postoperative adhesions. Keywords: poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone), thermosensitive, biodegradable, hydrogel, postoperative adhesions

Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOx. We show that NOx suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOx. By illustrating how NOx affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOx level in forest regions around the globe.

Background: Phytogenic mounds are a type of microtopography formed under perennial plants canopies in water erosion areas. However, the function of phytogenic mounds in seed assemblages and their ecological consequences remain poorly understood in semiarid areas with water erosion. Thus, understanding the characteristics of seed banks on mounds is crucial for ecosystem conservation and management in water-eroded areas. Methods: We compared the quantity and composition of soil seed banks on the upslope and downslope parts of mounds and intercanopy surfaces along four slope gradients. We also explored the relationships among the soil seed bank, aboveground vegetation, and environmental factors. Furthermore, the species similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation was analyzed to clarify the important ecological consequences of phytogenic mounds for plant community construction in serious soil erosion area. Results: For slopes with a = 46.6%, the intercanopy surfaces had greater soil seed bank species composition, density, and diversity than did the phytogenic mounds, and these characteristics showed no significant differences between the upslope and downslope parts of the mounds. As the slope increased, the soil seed bank density and species composition increased on the upslope part of the mound, and reached a maximum for slopes with a > 70%, while the downslope part of the mound negatively effected on seed aggregation. The sediment accumulation rate, soil moisture, particle size distribution, pH, organic matter carbon, and hardness were significantly correlated with the soil seed bank density and diversity in the study area. For slopes with 0 < a = 26.8%, the species similarity coefficient between the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation was the highest for the intercanopy surface. This species similarity on the upslope part of the mound showed an increasing trend with increasing slope gradient, while the downslope part of the mound had the opposite trend. For slopes with a > 70%, the upslope part of the mound did not only have more species in the soil seed bank but also had more species in aboveground vegetation than did the downslope part of the mound and intercanopy surface. Conclusion: For slopes with a = 46.6%, phytogenic mounds had barely impact soil seed bank accumulation and conservation in semiarid and eroded areas. For slopes with a > 46.6%, the mounds (particularly on the upslope part of the mound) showed seed assemblage functions, which are coupled with improving edaphic conditions and decreasing microhabitat stress; thus, phytogenic mounds, or areas of microtopography, can be used to promote restoration success in semiarid eroded areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first results of the measurements of trace gases and aerosols at three surface sites in and outside Beijing before and during the 2008 Olympics. The official air pollution index near the Olympic Stadium and the data from our nearby site revealed an obvious association between air quality and meteorology and different responses of secondary and primary pollutants to the control measures. Ambient concentrations of vehicle-related nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an urban site dropped by 25% and 20-45% in the first two weeks after full control was put in place, but the levels of ozone, sulfate and nitrate in PM(2.5) increased by 16%, 64%, 37%, respectively, compared to the period prior to the full control; wind data and back trajectories indicated the contribution of regional pollution from the North China Plain. Air quality (for both primary and secondary pollutants) improved significantly during the Games, which were also associated with the changes in weather conditions (prolonged rainfall, decreased temperature, and more frequent air masses from clean regions). A comparison of the ozone data at three sites on eight ozone-pollution days, when the air masses were from the southeast-south-southwest sector, showed that regional pollution sources contributed > 34-88% to the peak ozone concentrations at the urban site in Beijing. Regional sources also contributed significantly to the CO concentrations in urban Beijing. Ozone production efficiencies at two sites were low (similar to 3 ppbv/ppbv), indicating that ozone formation was being controlled by VOCs. Compared with data collected in 2005 at a downwind site, the concentrations of ozone, sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), total sulfur (SO(2)+PM(2.5) sulfate), carbon monoxide (CO), reactive aromatics (toluene and xylenes) sharply decreased (by 8-64%) in 2008, but no significant changes were observed for the concentrations of PM(2.5), fine sulfate, total odd reactive nitrogen (NO(y)), and longer lived alkanes and benzene. We suggest that these results indicate the success of the government's efforts in reducing emissions of SO(2), CO, and VOCs in Beijing, but increased regional emissions during 2005-2008. More stringent control of regional emissions will be needed for significant reductions of ozone and fine particulate pollution in Beijing.

Postoperative pain, a common problem in perioperative management, has negative impact on patients' experience and functional recovery. The development of postoperative pain is not only related to direct surgical trauma, but also a series of preventable perioperative risk factors, among which perioperative sleep quality should not be neglected. In recent years, more and more researches have indicated that poor perioperative sleep quality is a risk factor for both acute and chronic postoperative pain, and some researches have even pointed out that sleep quality can directly influence patients' pain threshold. Therefore, this review aims to summarize current research progress on the influence of perioperative sleep quality on postoperative pain, hoping to provide reference for improving the perioperative pain management for patients.

The deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated feeds can impair chicken gut barrier function, disturb the balance of the intestinal microbiota, decrease chicken growth performance and cause major economic loss. With the aim of investigating the ameliorating effects of baicalin on broiler intestinal barrier damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by DON, a total of 150 Arbor Acres broilers are used in the present study. The morphological damage to the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum caused by DON is reversed by treatment with different doses of baicalin, and the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin) is also significantly increased in the baicalin-treated groups. Moreover, the disturbance of the intestinal microbiota caused by DON-contaminated feed is altered by baicalin treatment. In particular, compared with those in the DON group, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminiclostridium and other beneficial microbes in the baicalin-treated groups are significantly greater. However, the percentage of unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae in the baicalin-treated groups is significantly decreased in the DON group. Overall, the current results demonstrate that different doses of baicalin can improve broiler intestinal barrier function and the ameliorating effects on broiler intestinal barrier damage may be related to modulations of the intestinal microbiota.

Postoperative pain seriously affects the recovery process of patients, resulting in prolonged hospital stay and increased care costs. Appropriate application of patient-controlled analgesia devices can effectively relieve perioperative acute pain. In 1994 patient-controlled analgesia began to be used in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and the Acute Pain Service Working Group was established in 2004. With the cooperation of anesthesiologists and specialist nurses, the group jointly has implemented the whole process and standardized management based on patient-controlled analgesia, and constantly improved and innovated working methods, laying a solid foundation for the development of postoperative pain management. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the work from the aspects of clinical focus, nursing management experience, promotion and dissemination of pain treatment concepts, and development of acute pain service model under the new situation, with the hope of providing valuable reference for comprehensively strengthening pain management in the process of diagnosis and treatment, and enhancing patients' satisfaction with perioperative analgesia services.