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1. Drug-resistance profiling and transmission dynamics of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia revealed by whole genome sequencing

Author

Al-Ghafli H, Kohl TA, Merker M, Varghese B, Halees A, Niemann S, and Al-Hajoj S

Subjects
Whole Genome Sequencing, multidrug resistant strains, Saudi Arabia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strain and transmission dynamics, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Hawra Al-Ghafli,1,* Thomas A Kohl,2,3,* Matthias Merker,2,3,* Bright Varghese,1,* Anason Halees,4 Stefan Niemann,2,3 Sahal Al-Hajoj1 1Mycobacteriology Research Section, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; 2Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel 23845, Germany; 3German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Borstel, Borstel 38124, Germany; 4Data and Information Office, Anfas Medical Centre, Hittin District, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: In Saudi Arabia, cross-border transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains might be particularly fostered by high immigration rates. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the transmission dynamics of MDR-MTBC strains and reveal a detailed prediction of all resistance-conferring mutations for the first- and second-line drugs.Methods: We investigated all MDR-MTBC strains collected between 2015 and 2017 from provincial mycobacteria referral laboratories and compared demographic and clinical parameters to a cohort of non-MDR-TB patients using a whole genome sequencing approach. Clusters were defined based on a maximum strain-to-strain genetic distance of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as surrogate marker for recent transmission, and then investigated molecular drug-resistance markers (37 genes).Results: Forty-eight (67.6%) MDR-MTBC strains were grouped in 14 different clusters, ranging in size from two to six strains; 22.5% (16/71) of all MDR-MTBC isolates were predicted to be fully resistant to all five first-line drugs, and five strains (7.0%) exhibited fluoroquinolone resistance. Moreover, we revealed the presence of 12 compensatory mutations as well as 26 non-synonymous SNPs in the rpoC gene and non-hotspot region in rpoB, respectivelyConclusion: Optimized TB molecular surveillance, diagnosis, and patient management are urgently needed to contain MDR-MTBC transmission and prevent the development of additional drug resistance. Keywords: molecular profiling, drug resistance, genotyping, detailed prediction, compensatory mutations, drug-resistance mutations

Published
2018

8. Bedaquiline and clofazimine resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an in-vitro and in-silico data analysis

Author

Sonnenkalb, L, Carter, JJ, Spitaleri, A, Iqbal, Z, Hunt, M, Malone, KM, Utpatel, C, Cirillo, DM, Rodrigues, C, Nilgiriwala, KS, Fowler, PW, Merker, M, Niemann, S, Barilar, I, Battaglia, S, Borroni, E, Brandao, AP, Brankin, A, Cabibbe, AM, Carter, J, Claxton, P, Clifton, DA, Cohen, T, Coronel, J, Crook, DW, Dreyer, V, Earle, SG, Escuyer, V, Ferrazoli, L, Fu Gao, G, Gardy, J, Gharbia, S, Ghisi, KT, Ghodousi, A, Gibertoni Cruz, AL, Grandjean, L, Grazian, C, Groenheit, R, Guthrie, JL, He, W, Hoffmann, H, Hoosdally, SJ, Ismail, NA, Jarrett, L, Joseph, L, Jou, R, Kambli, P, Khot, R, Knaggs, J, Koch, A, Kohlerschmidt, D, Kouchaki, S, Lachapelle, AS, Lalvani, A, Grandjean Lapierre, S, Laurenson, IF, Letcher, B, Lin, W-H, Liu, C, Liu, D, Mandal, A, Mansjö, M, Matias, D, Meintjes, G, De Freitas Mendes, F, Mihalic, M, Millard, J, Miotto, P, Mistry, N, Moore, D, Musser, KA, Ngcamu, D, Hoang, NN, Nimmo, C, Okozi, N, Oliveira, RS, Omar, SV, Paton, N, Peto, TEA, Watanabe Pinhata, JM, Plesnik, S, Puyen, ZM, Rabodoarivelo, MS, Rakotosamimanana, N, Rancoita, PMV, Rathod, P, Rodger, G, Rodwell, TC, Roohi, E, Santos-Lazaro, D, Shah, S, Kohl, TA, Smith, G, Solano, W, Supply, P, Surve, U, Tahseen, S, Thuong, NTT, Thwaites, G, Todt, K, Trovato, A, Van Rie, A, Vijay, S, Walker, TM, Walker, SA, Warren, R, Werngren, J, Wijkander, M, Wilkinson, RJ, Wilson, DJ, Wintringer, P, Yu, XX, Yang, Y, Zhao, Y, Yao, S-Y, Zhu, B, and Consortium, Comprehensive Resistance Prediction for Tuberculosis: an International

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Virology, Microbiology
Abstract

Background Bedaquiline is a core drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; however, the understanding of resistance mechanisms is poor, which is hampering rapid molecular diagnostics. Some bedaquiline-resistant mutants are also cross-resistant to clofazimine. To decipher bedaquiline and clofazimine resistance determinants, we combined experimental evolution, protein modelling, genome sequencing, and phenotypic data. Methods For this in-vitro and in-silico data analysis, we used a novel in-vitro evolutionary model using subinhibitory drug concentrations to select bedaquiline-resistant and clofazimine-resistant mutants. We determined bedaquiline and clofazimine minimum inhibitory concentrations and did Illumina and PacBio sequencing to characterise selected mutants and establish a mutation catalogue. This catalogue also includes phenotypic and genotypic data of a global collection of more than 14 000 clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, and publicly available data. We investigated variants implicated in bedaquiline resistance by protein modelling and dynamic simulations. Findings We discerned 265 genomic variants implicated in bedaquiline resistance, with 250 (94%) variants affecting the transcriptional repressor (Rv0678) of the MmpS5–MmpL5 efflux system. We identified 40 new variants in vitro, and a new bedaquiline resistance mechanism caused by a large-scale genomic rearrangement. Additionally, we identified in vitro 15 (7%) of 208 mutations found in clinical bedaquiline-resistant isolates. From our in-vitro work, we detected 14 (16%) of 88 mutations so far identified as being associated with clofazimine resistance and also seen in clinically resistant strains, and catalogued 35 new mutations. Structural modelling of Rv0678 showed four major mechanisms of bedaquiline resistance: impaired DNA binding, reduction in protein stability, disruption of protein dimerisation, and alteration in affinity for its fatty acid ligand. Interpretation Our findings advance the understanding of drug resistance mechanisms in M tuberculosis complex strains. We have established an extended mutation catalogue, comprising variants implicated in resistance and susceptibility to bedaquiline and clofazimine. Our data emphasise that genotypic testing can delineate clinical isolates with borderline phenotypes, which is essential for the design of effective treatments. Funding Leibniz ScienceCampus Evolutionary Medicine of the Lung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Research Training Group 2501 TransEvo, Rhodes Trust, Stanford University Medical Scientist Training Program, National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions.

Published
2023

12. Performance of spirometry assessment at TB diagnosis

Author

Rachow, A., primary, Ivanova, O., additional, Bakuli, A., additional, Khosa, C., additional, Nhassengo, P., additional, Owolabi, O., additional, Jayasooriya, S., additional, Ntinginya, N. E., additional, Sabi, I., additional, Rassool, M., additional, Bennet, J., additional, Niemann, S., additional, Mekota, A-M., additional, Allwood, B. W., additional, Wallis, R. S., additional, Charalambous, S., additional, Hoelscher, M., additional, and Churchyard, G., additional

Published
2023
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21. Clinical implications of molecular drug resistance testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a 2023 TBnet/RESIST-TB consensus statement.

Author

Domínguez, J., Boeree, M.J., Cambau, E., Chesov, D., Conradie, F., Cox, V., Dheda, K., Dudnyk, A., Farhat, M.R., Gagneux, S., Grobusch, M.P., Gröschel, M.I., Guglielmetti, L., Kontsevaya, I., Lange, B., Leth, F. van, Lienhardt, C., Mandalakas, A.M., Maurer, F.P., Merker, M., Miotto, P., Molina-Moya, B., Morel, F., Niemann, S., Veziris, N., Whitelaw, A., Horsburgh CR, J.r., Lange, C de, Domínguez, J., Boeree, M.J., Cambau, E., Chesov, D., Conradie, F., Cox, V., Dheda, K., Dudnyk, A., Farhat, M.R., Gagneux, S., Grobusch, M.P., Gröschel, M.I., Guglielmetti, L., Kontsevaya, I., Lange, B., Leth, F. van, Lienhardt, C., Mandalakas, A.M., Maurer, F.P., Merker, M., Miotto, P., Molina-Moya, B., Morel, F., Niemann, S., Veziris, N., Whitelaw, A., Horsburgh CR, J.r., and Lange, C de

Abstract

01 april 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a substantial health-care concern worldwide. Despite culture-based methods being considered the gold standard for drug susceptibility testing, molecular methods provide rapid information about the Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. This consensus document was developed on the basis of a comprehensive literature search, by the TBnet and RESIST-TB networks, about reporting standards for the clinical use of molecular drug susceptibility testing. Review and the search for evidence included hand-searching journals and searching electronic databases. The panel identified studies that linked mutations in genomic regions of M tuberculosis with treatment outcome data. Implementation of molecular testing for the prediction of drug resistance in M tuberculosis is key. Detection of mutations in clinical isolates has implications for the clinical management of patients with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, especially in situations when phenotypic drug susceptibility testing is not available. A multidisciplinary team including clinicians, microbiologists, and laboratory scientists reached a consensus on key questions relevant to molecular prediction of drug susceptibility or resistance to M tuberculosis, and their implications for clinical practice. This consensus document should help clinicians in the management of patients with tuberculosis, providing guidance for the design of treatment regimens and optimising outcomes.

Published
2023

22. Pretomanid-resistant tuberculosis.

Author

Koehler, N., Andres, S., Merker, M., Dreyer, V., John, A., Kuhns, M., Krieger, D., Choong, E., Verougstraete, N., Wiesch, P.A. Zur, Wicha, S.G., König, C., Kalsdorf, B., Sanchez Carballo, P.M., Schaub, D., Werngren, J., Schön, T., Peloquin, C.A., Schönfeld, N., Verstraete, A.G., Decosterd, L.A., Aarnoutse, R.E., Niemann, S., Maurer, F.P., Lange, C de, Koehler, N., Andres, S., Merker, M., Dreyer, V., John, A., Kuhns, M., Krieger, D., Choong, E., Verougstraete, N., Wiesch, P.A. Zur, Wicha, S.G., König, C., Kalsdorf, B., Sanchez Carballo, P.M., Schaub, D., Werngren, J., Schön, T., Peloquin, C.A., Schönfeld, N., Verstraete, A.G., Decosterd, L.A., Aarnoutse, R.E., Niemann, S., Maurer, F.P., and Lange, C de

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2023

25. Drug-resistant tuberculosis case-finding strategies: a scoping review protocol

Author

Van wyk, S, Nliwasa, M, Seddon, J, Hoddinott, G, Nepolo, E, Gunther, G, Lin, H, Niemann, S, Gandhi, N, Shah, S, and Claassens, M

Abstract

Background: Transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is ongoing. Finding individuals with DR-TB and initiating treatment as early as possible is important to improve patient clinical outcomes and to break the chain of transmission to control the pandemic. To our knowledge systematic reviews assessing effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of different case-finding strategies for DR-TB to inform research, policy, and practice have not been conducted, and it is unknown whether enough research exists to conduct such reviews. It is unknown whether case-finding strategies are similar for DR-TB and drug-susceptible TB and whether we can draw on findings from drug-susceptible reviews to inform decisions on case-finding strategies for DR-TB. Objective: This protocol aims to describe the available literature on case-finding for DR-TB and to describe case-finding strategies. Methods: We will screen systematic reviews, trials, qualitative studies, diagnostic test accuracy studies, and other primary research that specifically sought to improve DR-TB case detection. We will exclude studies that invited individuals seeking care for TB symptoms, those including individuals already diagnosed with TB, or laboratory-based studies. We will search the academic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, and PROSPERO with no language or date restrictions. We will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles in duplicate. Data extraction and analyses will be performed using Excel (Microsoft Corp). Results: We will provide a narrative report with supporting figures or tables to summarize the data. A systems-based logic model, developed from a synthesis of case-finding strategies for drug-susceptible TB, will be used as a framework to describe different strategies, resulting pathways, and enhancements of pathways. The search will be conducted at the end of 2021. Title and abstract screening, full text screening, and data extraction will be undertaken from January to June 2022. Thereafter, analysis will be conducted, and results compiled. Conclusions: This scoping review will chart existing literature on case-finding for DR-TB—this will help determine whether primary studies on effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of different case-finding strategies for DR-TB exist and will help formulate potential questions for a systematic review. We will also describe case-finding strategies for DR-TB and how they fit into a model of case-finding pathways for drug-susceptible TB. This review has some limitations. One limitation is the diverse, inconsistent use of intervention terminology within the literature, which may result in missing relevant studies. Poor reporting of intervention strategies may also cause misunderstanding and misclassification of interventions. Lastly, case-finding strategies for DR-TB may not fit into a model developed from strategies for drug-susceptible TB. Nevertheless, such a situation will provide an opportunity to refine the model for future research. The review will guide further research to inform decisions on case-finding policies and practices for DR-TB. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/40009

Published
2022

28. Fehlbildungsdiagnostik

Author

Hermsteiner, M., Born, H.-J., Niemann, S., Zygmunt, M., Tinneberg, Hans-Rudolf, Kirschbaum, Michael, and Oehmke, Frank

Published
2003
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29. A crowd of BashTheBug volunteers reproducibly and accurately measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 13 antitubercular drugs from photographs of 96-well broth microdilution plates

Author

Fowler, P.W., Wright, C., Spiers, H., Zhu, T., Baeten, E.M.L., Hoosdally, S.W., Cruz, A.L.G., Roohi, A., Kouchaki, S., Walker, T.M., Peto, T.E.A., Miller, G., Lintott, C., Clifton, D., Crook, D.W., Walker, A.S., Barilar, I., Battaglia, S., Borroni, E., Brandao, A.P., Brankin, A., Cabibbe, A.M., Carter, J., Chetty, D., Cirillo, D.M., Claxton, P., Clifton, D.A., Cohen, T., Coronel, Jorge, Dreyer, V., Earle, S.G., Escuyer, V., Ferrazoli, L., Gao, G.F., Gardy, J., Gharbia, S., Ghisi, K.T., Ghodousi, A., Grandjean, Louis, Grazian, C., Groenheit, R., Guthrie, J.L., He, W., Hoffmann, H., Hoosdally, S.J., Martinhunt, M., Iqbal, Z., Ismail, N.A., Jarrett, L., Joseph, L., Jou, R., Kambli, P., Khot, R., Knaggs, J., Koch, A., Kohlerschmidt, D., Lachapelle, A.S., Lalvani, A., Lapierre, S.G., Laurenson, I.F., Letcher, B., Lin, W.-H., Liu, C., Liu, D., Malone, K.M., Mandal, A., Mansjõ, M., Matias, D., Meintjes, G., Mendes, F.D.F., Merker, M., Mihalic, M., Millard, J., Miotto, P., Mistry, N., Moore, David Alexander James, Musser, K.A., Ngcamu, D., Nhung, H.N., Niemann, S., Nilgiriwala, K.S., Nimmo, C., O’Donnell, M., Okozi, N., Oliveira, R.S., Omar, S.V., Paton, N., Pinhata, J.M.W., Plesnik, S., Puyen, Z.M., Rabodoarivelo, M.S., Rakotosamimanana, N., Rancoita, P.M.V., Rathod, P., Robinson, E., Rodger, G., Rodrigues, C., Rodwell, T.C., Santos-Lazaro, D., Shah, S., Kohl, T.A., Smith, G., Solano, Walter, Spitaleri, A., Supply, P., Steyn, A.J.C., Surve, U., Tahseen, S., Thuong, N.T.T., Thwaites, G., Todt, K., Trovato, A., Utpatel, C., Van Rie, A., Vijay, S., Warren, R., Werngren, J., Wijkander, M., Wilkinson, R.J., Wilson, D.J., Wintringer, P., Xiao, Y.-X., Yang, Y., Yanlin, Z., Yao, S.-Y., Zhu, B., The Zooniverse Volunteer Community, The CRyPTIC Consortium, Community, The Zooniverse Volunteer, Consortium, The CRyPTIC, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Wellcome Trust

Subjects
Volunteers, Model organisms, infectious disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Antitubercular Agents, Infectious Disease, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Zooniverse Volunteer Community, 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology, antibiotics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Imaging, minimum inhibitory concentrations, antitubercular drugs, citizen science, M. tuberculosis, Humans, clinical microbiology, Human Biology & Physiology, General Immunology and Microbiology, CRyPTIC Consortium, Prevention, General Neuroscience, FOS: Clinical medicine, microbiology, BashTheBug, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, General Medicine, microdilution plates, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, tuberculosis, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, photographs, Antimicrobial Resistance, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Infection
Abstract

Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome it is desirable to test the susceptibility of each infection to different antibiotics. Conventionally, this is done by culturing a clinical sample and then exposing aliquots to a panel of antibiotics, each being present at a pre-determined concentration, thereby determining if the sample isresistant or susceptible to each sample. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a drug is the lowestconcentration that inhibits growth and is a more useful quantity but requires each sample to be tested at a range ofconcentrations for each drug. Using 96-well broth micro dilution plates with each well containing a lyophilised pre-determined amount of an antibiotic is a convenient and cost-effective way to measure the MICs of several drugs at once for a clinical sample. Although accurate, this is still an expensive and slow process that requires highly-skilled and experienced laboratory scientists. Here we show that, through the BashTheBug project hosted on the Zooniverse citizen science platform, a crowd of volunteers can reproducibly and accurately determine the MICs for 13 drugs and that simply taking the median or mode of 11-17 independent classifications is sufficient. There is therefore a potential role for crowds to support (but not supplant) the role of experts in antibiotic susceptibility testing.Tuberculosis is a bacterial respiratory infection that kills about 1.4 million people worldwide each year. While antibiotics can cure the condition, the bacterium responsible for this disease

Published
2022

30. Genome-wide association studies of global Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to 13 antimicrobials in 10,228 genomes identify new resistance mechanisms

Author

Earle, SG, Wilson, DJ, Barilar, I, Battaglia, S, Cirillo, DM, Clifton, DA, Crook, DW, Fowler, PW, Grazian, C, Hunt, M, Iqbal, Z, Ismail, NA, Knaggs, J, Lachapelle, AS, Merker, M, Mistry, N, Moore, D, Niemann, S, Peto, TEA, Rodrigues, C, Thwaites, G, Walker, AS, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Consortium, CRyPTIC

Subjects
General Immunology and Microbiology, Anti-Infective Agents, General Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutation, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Antitubercular Agents, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major global public health concern that threatens the ability to control the disease. Whole-genome sequencing as a tool to rapidly diagnose resistant infections can transform patient treatment and clinical practice. While resistance mechanisms are well understood for some drugs, there are likely many mechanisms yet to be uncovered, particularly for new and repurposed drugs. We sequenced 10,228 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates worldwide and determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on a grid of 2-fold concentration dilutions for 13 antimicrobials using quantitative microtiter plate assays. We performed oligopeptide- and oligonucleotide-based genome-wide association studies using linear mixed models to discover resistance-conferring mechanisms not currently catalogued. Use of MIC over binary resistance phenotypes increased sample heritability for the new and repurposed drugs by 26% to 37%, increasing our ability to detect novel associations. For all drugs, we discovered uncatalogued variants associated with MIC, including in the Rv1218c promoter binding site of the transcriptional repressor Rv1219c (isoniazid), upstream of the vapBC20 operon that cleaves 23S rRNA (linezolid) and in the region encoding an α-helix lining the active site of Cyp142 (clofazimine, all p < 10−7.7). We observed that artefactual signals of cross-resistance could be unravelled based on the relative effect size on MIC. Our study demonstrates the ability of very large-scale studies to substantially improve our knowledge of genetic variants associated with antimicrobial resistance in M. tuberculosis.

Published
2022

32. A phenomenological reading of the racial knowledge and identities of student leaders engaged in reconciliation

Author

Buys, Barend Rudolf, Jansen, J. D., Niemann, S. M., Buys, Barend Rudolf, Jansen, J. D., and Niemann, S. M.

Abstract

English: This study wants to make sense of the lived experiences of student leaders engaged in racial reconciliation at a South African university campus by exploring their struggles with racial knowledge and identity over time. Four students, two male and two female, two black and two white, participated in the study. They were senior student leaders that played a public role in racial reconciliation on campus following a traumatic incident of racial discrimination at Reitz, a men’s residence on campus. The study faced a dearth in current literature on the combined themes of student leadership, racial knowledge and identity, and reconciliation. However, a broad literature review on student engagement, student leadership and student diversity revealed critical themes and gaps relevant to this study in the research on diversity and change in higher education. A framework of concepts was developed to read the narrative data of the study. These included the notions of conscientisation (Freire), racial ignorance (Mills), in-betweenness (Bhabha), transitionality (Winnicott), scapegoating (Girard), nearness (Jansen), embrace (Volf) and bridge-building (Boske). The study uses a phenomenological approach to describe and interpret the life histories of the participating student leaders. I drafted the four racial biographies of the four student leaders in conjunction with the students, which were then analysed for patterns of experiences that reveal shifts in racial knowledge and identity in and across lives. On the one hand, the students reproduced the racial ignorance and the hierarchies of racial distance that marked their lifeworlds. However, on the other hand, the students behaved in alternative ways to the norm of their environments. They built friendship across racial divides and challenged cultural codes and norms. The different and competing realities of racial distance and togetherness reveal a continued struggle between knowledge defined by ignorance and knowledge, Afrikaans: Die studie beoog om sin maak van die lewenservarings van studenteleiers wat besig is met rasseversoening op ’n universiteitskampus, deur hulle stryd met rassekennis en -identiteit te ondersoek. Vier studenteleiers, twee mans en twee vroue, waarvan twee swart en twee wit is, het aan die studie deelgeneem. Hulle was senior studenteleiers wat ’n openbare rol gespeel het in rasseversoening op kampus na afloop van ’n traumatiese insident van rassediskriminasie by Reitz, ’n manskoshuis op kampus. Die studie is bemoelik deur die afwesigheid van bestaande literatuur oor die saamgestelde temas van studenteleierskap, rassekennis en -identiteit en versoening.’n Breedvoerige literatuuroorsig oor studentebetrokkenheid, studenteleierskap en studentediversiteit het egter kritiese temas en leemtes toepaslike vir die studie in navorsing oor diversiteit en verandering in hoër onderwys uitgewys. ’n Raamwerk van konsepte is ontwikkel om die narratiewe data van die studie te interpreteer. Dit sluit onder andere die idees van bewuswording (Freire), rasse-onkunde (Mills), tussen-in-wees (Bhabha), transitionaliteit (Winnicott), die sondebok (Girard), nabyheid (Jansen), omarming (Volf) en brugbou (Boske) in. Die studie maak van ’n fenomenologiese benadering gebruik om die lewensgeskiedenisse van die studenteleiers te beskryf en te vertolk. Die navorser en die deelnemers het saam die vier rasse-biografieë opstel, wat ontleed is vir patrone van belewnisse wat skuiwe in rassekennis en -identiteit in en tussen hulle lewens, uitgewys het. Aan die een kant het die studente die rasse-onkunde en rashiërargie wat hulle lewenswêrelde bepaal het, herhaal. Aan die ander kant het die studente op alternatiewe maniere as wat die norm van hulle omgewings is, opgetree deur vriendskappe oor rassegrense heen te bou en kulturele kodes and norms uit te daag. Die verskillende en kompeterende werklikhede van rasse-afstande en -samehorigheid wys ’n voortslepende stryd uit tussen kennis wat deur onkunde, National Research Foundation (NRF)

Published
2022

33. Integrated water resources management under different hydrological, climatic and socio-economic conditions: results and lessons learned from a transdisciplinary IWRM project IWAS

Author

Seegert, J., Berendonk, T. U., Bernhofer, C., Blumensaat, F., Dombrowsky, I., Fuehner, C., Grundmann, J., Hagemann, N., Kalbacher, T., Kopinke, F.-D., Liedl, R., Leidel, M., Lorz, C., Makeschin, F., Markova, D., Niemann, S., Röstel, G., Schanze, J., Scheifhacken, N., Schuetze, N., Siebert, C., Stefan, C., Strehlitz, B., Teutsch, G., Weigelt, C., Weiß, H., Kolditz, O., Borchardt, D., and Krebs, P.

Published
2014
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34. Epidemiological cut-off values for a 96-well broth microdilution plate for high-throughput research antibiotic susceptibility testing of

Author

Fowler, P.W., Barilar, I., Battaglia, S., Borroni, E., Brandao, A.P., Brankin, A., Cabibbe, A.M., Carter, J., Cirillo, D.M., Claxton, P., Clifton, D.A., Cohen, T., Coronel, Jorge, Crook, D.W., Dreyer, V., Earle, S.G., Escuyer, V., Ferrazoli, L., Gao, G.F., Gardy, J., Gharbia, S., Ghisi, K.T., Ghodousi, A., Cruz, A.L.G., Grandjean, Louis, Grazian, C., Groenheit, R., Guthrie, J.L., He, W., Hoffmann, H., Hoosdally, S.J., Hunt, M., Iqbal, Z., Ismail, N.A., Jarrett, L., Joseph, L., Jou, R., Kambli, P., Khot, R., Knaggs, J., Koch, A., Kohlerschmidt, D., Kouchaki, S., Lachapelle, A.S., Lalvani, A., Lapierre, S.G., Laurenson, I.F., Letcher, B., Lin, W.-H., Liu, C., Liu, D., Malone, K.M., Mandal, A., Mansjö, M., Matias, D., Meintjes, G., de Freitas Mendes, F., Merker, M., Mihalic, M., Millard, J., Miotto, P., Mistry, N., Moore, David Alexander James, Musser, K.A., Ngcamu, D., Nhung, H.N., Niemann, S., Nilgiriwala, K.S., Nimmo, C., Okozi, N., Oliveira, R.S., Omar, S.V., Paton, N., Peto, T.E.A., Pinhata, J.M.W., Plesnik, S., Puyen, Z.M., Rabodoarivelo, M.S., Rakotosamimanana, N., Rancoita, P.M.V., Rathod, P., Robinson, E., Rodger, G., Rodrigues, C., Rodwell, T.C., Roohi, A., Santos-Lazaro, D., Shah, S., Kohl, T.A., Smith, G., Solano, Walter, Spitaleri, A., Supply, P., Surve, U., Tahseen, S., Thuong, N.T.T., Thwaites, G., Todt, K., Trovato, A., Utpatel, C., Van Rie, A., Vijay, S., Walker, T.M., Walker, A.S., Warren, R., Werngren, J., Wijkander, M., Wilkinson, R.J., Wilson, D.J., Wintringer, P., Xiao, Y.-X., Yang, Y., Yanlin, Z., Yao, S.-Y., Zhu, B., Consoritum, CRyPTIC, Walker, AS, and CRyPTIC Consortium

Subjects
microdilution, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, tuberculosis, Respiratory, M. tuberculosis, Humans, Tuberculosis, Human medicine, infections, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

Drug susceptibility testing ofM. tuberculosisis rooted in a binary susceptible/resistant paradigm. While there are considerable advantages in measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a panel of drugs for an isolate, it is necessary to measure the epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFF/ECVs) to permit comparison with qualitative data. Here we present ECOFF/ECVs for 13 anti-tuberculosis compounds, including bedaquiline and delamanid, derived from 20 637 clinical isolates collected by 14 laboratories based in 11 countries on five continents. Each isolate was incubated for 14 days on a dry 96-well broth microdilution plate and then read. Resistance to most of the drugs due to prior exposure is expected and the MIC distributions for many of the compounds are complex, and therefore aphenotypicallywild-type population could not be defined. Since a majority of samples also underwent genetic sequencing, we defined agenotypicallywild-type population and measured the MIC of the 99th percentile by direct measurement andviafitting a Gaussian using interval regression. The proposed ECOFF/ECVs were then validated by comparing with the MIC distributions of high-confidence genetic variants that confer resistance and with qualitative drug susceptibility tests obtainedviathe Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) system or Microscopic-Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) assay. These ECOFF/ECVs will inform and encourage the more widespread adoption of broth microdilution: this is a cheap culture-based method that tests the susceptibility of 12–14 antibiotics on a single 96-well plate and so could help personalise the treatment of tuberculosis.

Published
2021

38. Thin-Layer-Agar-Based Direct Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing on Sputum in Eswatini Rapidly Detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth and Rifampicin Resistance Otherwise Missed by WHO-Endorsed Diagnostic Tests

Author

Ardizzoni, E., primary, Ariza, E., additional, Mulengwa, D., additional, Mpala, Q., additional, de La Tour, R., additional, Maphalala, G., additional, Varaine, F., additional, Kerschberger, B., additional, Graulus, P., additional, Page, A. L., additional, Niemann, S., additional, Dreyer, V., additional, Van Deun, A., additional, Decroo, T., additional, Rigouts, L., additional, and de Jong, B. C., additional

Published
2021
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42. Perspective for Precision Medicine for Tuberculosis

Author

Lange, C., Aarnoutse, R., Chesov, D., Crevel, R. van, Gillespie, S.H., Grobbel, H.P., Kalsdorf, B., Kontsevaya, I., Laarhoven, A. van, Nishiguchi, T., Mandalakas, A., Merker, M., Niemann, S., Köhler, N., Heyckendorf, J., Reimann, M., Ruhwald, M., Sanchez-Carballo, P., Schwudke, D., Waldow, F., DiNardo, A.R., Lange, C., Aarnoutse, R., Chesov, D., Crevel, R. van, Gillespie, S.H., Grobbel, H.P., Kalsdorf, B., Kontsevaya, I., Laarhoven, A. van, Nishiguchi, T., Mandalakas, A., Merker, M., Niemann, S., Köhler, N., Heyckendorf, J., Reimann, M., Ruhwald, M., Sanchez-Carballo, P., Schwudke, D., Waldow, F., and DiNardo, A.R.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 229189.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease that is mainly transmitted from human to human via infectious aerosols. Currently, tuberculosis is the leading cause of death by an infectious disease world-wide. In the past decade, the number of patients affected by tuberculosis has increased by ~20 percent and the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenges the goal of elimination of tuberculosis in the near future. For the last 50 years, management of patients with tuberculosis has followed a standardized management approach. This standardization neglects the variation in human susceptibility to infection, immune response, the pharmacokinetics of drugs, and the individual duration of treatment needed to achieve relapse-free cure. Here we propose a package of precision medicine-guided therapies that has the prospect to drive clinical management decisions, based on both host immunity and M. tuberculosis strains genetics. Recently, important scientific discoveries and technological advances have been achieved that provide a perspective for individualized rather than standardized management of patients with tuberculosis. For the individual selection of best medicines and host-directed therapies, personalized drug dosing, and treatment durations, physicians treating patients with tuberculosis will be able to rely on these advances in systems biology and to apply them at the bedside.

Published
2020

43. Multi-Label Random Forest Model for Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Classification and Mutation Ranking

Author

Kouchaki, S, Yang, Y, Lachapelle, A, Walker, T, Walker, SA, Hoosdally, S, Gibertoni Cruz, AL, Carter, J, Grazian, C, Earle, SG, Fowler, P, Iqbal, Z, Hunt, M, Knaggs, J, Smith, GE, Rathod, P, Jarrett, L, Matias, D, Cirillo, DM, Borroni, E, Battaglia, S, Ghodousi, A, Spitaler, A, Cabibbe, A, Tahseen, S, Nilgiriwala, K, Shah, S, Rodrigues, C, Kambli, P, Surve, U, Khot, R, Niemann, S, Merker, M, Hoffmann, H, Todt, K, Plesnik, S, Ismail, N, Omar, SV, Joseph, L, Thwaites, G, Thuong, TNT, Ngoc, NH, Srinivasan, V, Moore, D, Coronel, J, Solano, W, Gao, GF, He, G, Zhao, Y, Liu, C, Ma, A, Zhu, B, Laurenson, I, Claxton, P, Koch, A, Wilkinson, R, Lalvani, A, Posey, J, Gardy, J, Werngren, J, Paton, N, Jou, R, Wu, MH, Lin, WH, Ferrazoli, L, Siqueira de Oliveira, R, Arandjelovic, I, Chaiprasert, A, Comas, I, Roig, CR, Drobniewski, FA, Farhat, MR, Gao, Q, Hee, ROT, Sintchenko, V, Supply, P, van Soolingen, D, Peto, TEA, Crook, D, Clifton, D, Kouchaki, S, Yang, Y, Lachapelle, A, Walker, T, Walker, SA, Hoosdally, S, Gibertoni Cruz, AL, Carter, J, Grazian, C, Earle, SG, Fowler, P, Iqbal, Z, Hunt, M, Knaggs, J, Smith, GE, Rathod, P, Jarrett, L, Matias, D, Cirillo, DM, Borroni, E, Battaglia, S, Ghodousi, A, Spitaler, A, Cabibbe, A, Tahseen, S, Nilgiriwala, K, Shah, S, Rodrigues, C, Kambli, P, Surve, U, Khot, R, Niemann, S, Merker, M, Hoffmann, H, Todt, K, Plesnik, S, Ismail, N, Omar, SV, Joseph, L, Thwaites, G, Thuong, TNT, Ngoc, NH, Srinivasan, V, Moore, D, Coronel, J, Solano, W, Gao, GF, He, G, Zhao, Y, Liu, C, Ma, A, Zhu, B, Laurenson, I, Claxton, P, Koch, A, Wilkinson, R, Lalvani, A, Posey, J, Gardy, J, Werngren, J, Paton, N, Jou, R, Wu, MH, Lin, WH, Ferrazoli, L, Siqueira de Oliveira, R, Arandjelovic, I, Chaiprasert, A, Comas, I, Roig, CR, Drobniewski, FA, Farhat, MR, Gao, Q, Hee, ROT, Sintchenko, V, Supply, P, van Soolingen, D, Peto, TEA, Crook, D, and Clifton, D

Published
2020

44. GenomegaMap: within-species genome-wide d_N/d_S estimation from over 10,000 genomes

Author

Wilson, D, Crook, DW, Peto, TEA, Walker, AS, Hoosdally, SJ, Gibertoni Cruz, AL, Carter, J, Grazian, C, Earle, SG, Kouchaki, S, Lachapelle, A, Yang, Y, Clifton, DA, Fowler, PW, Iqbal, Z, Hunt, M, Knaggs, J, Smith, EG, Rathod, P, Jarrett, L, Matias, D, Cirillo, DM, Borroni, E, Battaglia, S, Ghodousi, A, Spitaleri, A, Cabibbe, A, Tahseen, S, Nilgiriwala, K, Shah, S, Rodrigues, C, Kambli, P, Surve, U, Khot, R, NIemann, S, Kohl, TA, Merker, M, Hoffman, H, Todt, K, Plesnik, S, Ismail, N, Omar, SV, Joseph, L, Thwaites, G, Thoung, TNT, Ngoc, NH, Srinivasan, V, Walker, TM, Moore, D, Coronel, J, Solano, W, Gao, GF, He, G, Zhao, Y, Liu, C, Ma, A, Zhu, B, Laurenson, I, Claxton, P, Koch, A, Wilkinson, R, Lalvani, A, Posey, J, Gardy, J, Werngren, J, Paton, N, Jou, R, Wu, MH, Lin, WH, Ferrazoli, L, Siqueira de Oliveira, R, Arandjelovic, I, Chaipresert, A, Comas, I, Roig, CJ, Drobniewski, FA, Farhat, MR, Gao, Q, Hee, ROT, Sintchenko, V, Wilson, D, Crook, DW, Peto, TEA, Walker, AS, Hoosdally, SJ, Gibertoni Cruz, AL, Carter, J, Grazian, C, Earle, SG, Kouchaki, S, Lachapelle, A, Yang, Y, Clifton, DA, Fowler, PW, Iqbal, Z, Hunt, M, Knaggs, J, Smith, EG, Rathod, P, Jarrett, L, Matias, D, Cirillo, DM, Borroni, E, Battaglia, S, Ghodousi, A, Spitaleri, A, Cabibbe, A, Tahseen, S, Nilgiriwala, K, Shah, S, Rodrigues, C, Kambli, P, Surve, U, Khot, R, NIemann, S, Kohl, TA, Merker, M, Hoffman, H, Todt, K, Plesnik, S, Ismail, N, Omar, SV, Joseph, L, Thwaites, G, Thoung, TNT, Ngoc, NH, Srinivasan, V, Walker, TM, Moore, D, Coronel, J, Solano, W, Gao, GF, He, G, Zhao, Y, Liu, C, Ma, A, Zhu, B, Laurenson, I, Claxton, P, Koch, A, Wilkinson, R, Lalvani, A, Posey, J, Gardy, J, Werngren, J, Paton, N, Jou, R, Wu, MH, Lin, WH, Ferrazoli, L, Siqueira de Oliveira, R, Arandjelovic, I, Chaipresert, A, Comas, I, Roig, CJ, Drobniewski, FA, Farhat, MR, Gao, Q, Hee, ROT, and Sintchenko, V

Abstract

The dN/dS ratio provides evidence of adaptation or functional constraint in protein-coding genes by quantifying the relative excess or deficit of amino acid-replacing versus silent nucleotide variation. Inexpensive sequencing promises a better understanding of parameters such as dN/dS, but analysing very large datasets poses a major statistical challenge. Here I introduce genomegaMap for estimating within-species genome-wide variation in dN/dS, and I apply it to 3,979 genes across 10,209 tuberculosis genomes to characterize the selection pressures shaping this global pathogen. GenomegaMap is a phylogeny-free method that addresses two major problems with existing approaches: (i) it is fast no matter how large the sample size and (ii) it is robust to recombination, which causes phylogenetic methods to report artefactual signals of adaptation. GenomegaMap uses population genetics theory to approximate the distribution of allele frequencies under general, parent-dependent mutation models. Coalescent simulations show that substitution parameters are well-estimated even when genomegaMap’s simplifying assumption of independence among sites is violated. I demonstrate the ability of genomegaMap to detect genuine signatures of selection at antimicrobial resistance-conferring substitutions in M. tuberculosis and describe a novel signature of selection in the cold-shock DEAD-box protein A gene deaD/csdA. The genomegaMap approach helps accelerate the exploitation of big data for gaining new insights into evolution within species.

Published
2020

45. International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera Infection Following Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Author

Sander P., Chu V.H., Durack D.T., Fortes C.Q., Fowler V., Krachmer A.W., Wilson W.R., Stewart R., Herwaldt L.A., Widmer A., Brown Elliot B.A., Falk V., Halbe M., Scriven J.E., Sax H., van Ingen J., Mestres C.A., Diekema D., Brown-Elliott B.A., Wallace R.J., Baddour L.M., Miro J.M., Hoen B., Athan E., Bayer A., Barsic B., Stuart R.L., Hasse B., Hannan M.M., Keller P.M., Maurer F.P., Sommerstein R., Mertz D., Wagner D., Fernandez-Hidalgo N., Nomura J., Manfrin V., Bettex D., Hernandez Conte A., Durante-Mangoni E., Tang T.H.-C., Lundgren J., Gordon S., Jarashow M.C., Schreiber P.W., Niemann S., Kohl T.A., Daley C.L., Stewardson A.J., Whitener C.J., Perkins K., Plachouras D., Lamagni T., Chand M., Freiberger T., Zweifel S., Corey G.R., Schulthess B., Sander P., Chu V.H., Durack D.T., Fortes C.Q., Fowler V., Krachmer A.W., Wilson W.R., Stewart R., Herwaldt L.A., Widmer A., Brown Elliot B.A., Falk V., Halbe M., Scriven J.E., Sax H., van Ingen J., Mestres C.A., Diekema D., Brown-Elliott B.A., Wallace R.J., Baddour L.M., Miro J.M., Hoen B., Athan E., Bayer A., Barsic B., Stuart R.L., Hasse B., Hannan M.M., Keller P.M., Maurer F.P., Sommerstein R., Mertz D., Wagner D., Fernandez-Hidalgo N., Nomura J., Manfrin V., Bettex D., Hernandez Conte A., Durante-Mangoni E., Tang T.H.-C., Lundgren J., Gordon S., Jarashow M.C., Schreiber P.W., Niemann S., Kohl T.A., Daley C.L., Stewardson A.J., Whitener C.J., Perkins K., Plachouras D., Lamagni T., Chand M., Freiberger T., Zweifel S., Corey G.R., and Schulthess B.

Abstract

Mycobacterial infection-related morbidity and mortality in patients following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is high and there is a growing need for a consensus-based expert opinion to provide international guidance for diagnosing, preventing and treating in these patients. In this document the International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) covers aspects of prevention (field of hospital epidemiology), clinical management (infectious disease specialists, cardiac surgeons, ophthalmologists, others), laboratory diagnostics (microbiologists, molecular diagnostics), device management (perfusionists, cardiac surgeons) and public health aspects.Copyright © 2019 The Author(s)

Published
2020

46. International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera Infection Following Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Author

Hasse, B, Hannan, MM, Keller, PM, Maurer, FP, Sommerstein, R, Mertz, D, Wagner, D, Fernandez-Hidalgo, N, Nomura, J, Manfrin, V, Bettex, D, Conte, AH, Durante-Mangoni, E, Tang, TH-C, Stuart, RL, Lundgren, J, Gordon, S, Jarashow, MC, Schreiber, PW, Niemann, S, Kohl, TA, Daley, CL, Stewardson, AJ, Whitener, CJ, Perkins, K, Plachouras, D, Lamagni, T, Chand, M, Freiberger, T, Zweifel, S, Sander, P, Schulthess, B, Scriven, JE, Sax, H, van Ingen, J, Mestres, CA, Diekema, D, Brown-Elliott, BA, Wallace, RJ, Baddour, LM, Miro, JM, Hoen, B, Athan, E, Bayer, A, Barsic, B, Corey, GR, Chu, VH, Durack, DT, Querido Fortes, C, Fowler, V, Krachmer, AW, Durante-Magnoni, E, Miro, M, Wilson, WR, Striven, J, Stewart, R, Herwaldt, LA, Schreiber, P, Stewardson, A, Widmer, A, Elliot, BAB, Daley, C, Keller, P, Maurer, F, Falk, V, Halbe, M, Perkins, KM, Hasse, B, Hannan, MM, Keller, PM, Maurer, FP, Sommerstein, R, Mertz, D, Wagner, D, Fernandez-Hidalgo, N, Nomura, J, Manfrin, V, Bettex, D, Conte, AH, Durante-Mangoni, E, Tang, TH-C, Stuart, RL, Lundgren, J, Gordon, S, Jarashow, MC, Schreiber, PW, Niemann, S, Kohl, TA, Daley, CL, Stewardson, AJ, Whitener, CJ, Perkins, K, Plachouras, D, Lamagni, T, Chand, M, Freiberger, T, Zweifel, S, Sander, P, Schulthess, B, Scriven, JE, Sax, H, van Ingen, J, Mestres, CA, Diekema, D, Brown-Elliott, BA, Wallace, RJ, Baddour, LM, Miro, JM, Hoen, B, Athan, E, Bayer, A, Barsic, B, Corey, GR, Chu, VH, Durack, DT, Querido Fortes, C, Fowler, V, Krachmer, AW, Durante-Magnoni, E, Miro, M, Wilson, WR, Striven, J, Stewart, R, Herwaldt, LA, Schreiber, P, Stewardson, A, Widmer, A, Elliot, BAB, Daley, C, Keller, P, Maurer, F, Falk, V, Halbe, M, and Perkins, KM

Abstract

Mycobacterial infection-related morbidity and mortality in patients following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is high and there is a growing need for a consensus-based expert opinion to provide international guidance for diagnosing, preventing and treating in these patients. In this document the International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) covers aspects of prevention (field of hospital epidemiology), clinical management (infectious disease specialists, cardiac surgeons, ophthalmologists, others), laboratory diagnostics (microbiologists, molecular diagnostics), device management (perfusionists, cardiac surgeons) and public health aspects.

Published
2020

47. International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera Infection Following Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Author

Hasse, B., Hannan, M. M., Keller, P. M., Maurer, F. P., Sommerstein, R., Mertz, D., Wagner, D., Fernández-Hidalgo, N., Nomura, J., Manfrin, V., Bettex, D., Hernandez Conte, A., Durante-Mangoni, E., Tang, T. H.C., Stuart, R. L., Lundgren, J., Gordon, S., Jarashow, M. C., Schreiber, P. W., Niemann, S., Kohl, T. A., Daley, C. L., Stewardson, A. J., Whitener, C. J., Perkins, K., Plachouras, D., Lamagni, T., Chand, M., Freiberger, T., Zweifel, S., Sander, P., Schulthess, B., Scriven, J. E., Sax, H., van Ingen, J., Mestres, C. A., Diekema, D., Brown-Elliott, B. A., Wallace, R. J., Baddour, L. M., Miro, J. M., Hoen, B., Hasse, B., Hannan, M. M., Keller, P. M., Maurer, F. P., Sommerstein, R., Mertz, D., Wagner, D., Fernández-Hidalgo, N., Nomura, J., Manfrin, V., Bettex, D., Hernandez Conte, A., Durante-Mangoni, E., Tang, T. H.C., Stuart, R. L., Lundgren, J., Gordon, S., Jarashow, M. C., Schreiber, P. W., Niemann, S., Kohl, T. A., Daley, C. L., Stewardson, A. J., Whitener, C. J., Perkins, K., Plachouras, D., Lamagni, T., Chand, M., Freiberger, T., Zweifel, S., Sander, P., Schulthess, B., Scriven, J. E., Sax, H., van Ingen, J., Mestres, C. A., Diekema, D., Brown-Elliott, B. A., Wallace, R. J., Baddour, L. M., Miro, J. M., and Hoen, B.

Abstract

Mycobacterial infection-related morbidity and mortality in patients following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is high and there is a growing need for a consensus-based expert opinion to provide international guidance for diagnosing, preventing and treating in these patients. In this document the International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) covers aspects of prevention (field of hospital epidemiology), clinical management (infectious disease specialists, cardiac surgeons, ophthalmologists, others), laboratory diagnostics (microbiologists, molecular diagnostics), device management (perfusionists, cardiac surgeons) and public health aspects.

Published
2020

48. Systematic rifampicin resistance errors with Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra : implications for regulation of genotypic assays

Author

Omar, S V, Hillemann, D, Pandey, S, Merker, M, Witt, A-K, Nadarajan, D, Barilar, I, Bainomugisa, A, Kelly, E C, Diel, R, Vidanagama, D S, Samarasinghe, A I P, Cader, M R, Götsch, U, Lavu, E, Alabi, A, Schön, Thomas, Coulter, C, Niemann, S, Maurer, F P, Ismail, N A, Köser, C U, Ismail, F, Omar, S V, Hillemann, D, Pandey, S, Merker, M, Witt, A-K, Nadarajan, D, Barilar, I, Bainomugisa, A, Kelly, E C, Diel, R, Vidanagama, D S, Samarasinghe, A I P, Cader, M R, Götsch, U, Lavu, E, Alabi, A, Schön, Thomas, Coulter, C, Niemann, S, Maurer, F P, Ismail, N A, Köser, C U, and Ismail, F

Published
2020
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50. WS13.5 Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium abscessus isolates recovered from German cystic fibrosis patients

Author

Wetzstein, N., primary, Diricks, M., additional, Kohl, T.A., additional, Wichelhaus, T.A., additional, Andres, S., additional, Pawlowski, L., additional, Schwarz, C., additional, Lewin, A., additional, Kehrmann, J., additional, Kahl, B.C., additional, Hügel, C., additional, Eickmeier, O., additional, Smaczny, C., additional, Maurer, F.P., additional, Niemann, S., additional, and Hogardt, M., additional

Published
2021
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