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Adjuvants are added to vaccines to enhance the immune response and provide increased protection against disease. In the last decade, hundreds of synthetic immune adjuvants have been created, but many induce undesirable levels of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6. Here we present small molecule NF-κB inhibitors that can be used in combination with an immune adjuvant to both decrease markers associated with poor tolerability and improve the protective response of vaccination. Additionally, we synthesize a library of honokiol derivatives identifying several promising candidates for use in vaccine formulations.

An efficient, reusable and stable binaphthyl stabilized Pd‐nanoparticles (Pd‐BNP) catalyzed the direct ortho‐C−H hydroxylation of acetophenone oxime ethers under neutral and phosphine ligand‐free condition has been developed. A readily available, economic, safe and greener oxidant oxone has been used in this direct ortho‐hydroxylation. The scope of the reaction has been studied with various acetophenone oxime ethers including electron rich to electron deficient system and the reaction afforded only mono hydroxylated products in a highly regioselective manner. Several control experiment results confirmed that the oxone is the hydroxyl source. The Pd‐BNP catalyst has been reused up to five times. The heterogeneous test confirmed that the reaction is catalyzed by the heterogeneous Pd‐BNP catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]