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The aviation sector is constantly expanding and it is strongly influenced by external factors, which gives rise to significant competition between airlines. One of the most effective ways for an airline to gain a competitive advantage is to keep its customers as loyal users of the provided services, able to provide airlines with a stable revenue for the services they sell. The purpose of this paper was to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on airline passengers’ loyalty. This study analyzed the data from passengers of two classes: prestige (business) and economy. Prestige (business) passengers pay more attention to service quality (beverage and food selection, service and quality, especially accessibility, etc.), privacy, individual attention, and airline reliability, while economy class passengers focus on price and basic perception of service quality. Data were collected from 409 passengers who travelled from Lithuania airports (Vilnius, Kaunas, Palanga) to other countries. The results suggest that there are different factors of in-flight service quality that are important according to the customer seat class. The results indicate that 71% of passenger loyalty is explained by image and image is explained by satisfaction. In addition, service quality and price are found to have positive effects on satisfaction. Compared with price, service quality is found to be a stronger determinant of satisfaction. Keywords: aviation; loyalty; airline consumers; satisfaction; factors.

The article provides information on transportation of dangerous freight. Legal acts regulating transportation of Dangerous freight are discussed. Major problems and non-compliances with The European Agreement concerning International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) are distinguished. The type of risk that one encounters is analysed, as well as who is to take responsibility for transportation of dangerous freight. Transport accidents of dangerous substances are increasingly frequent and can cause serious injuries in inhabited areas or pollution of the environment. For quantitative risk assessment and mitigation planning, consequence calculations are necessary. The aim of this article is to present methods of the first approach for calculating costs and overall expenses of an accident and to demonstrate the main recommendations for the next development stage in the area of transport accident modelling. By the means of risk assessment models, it is possible to calculate the extent of the consequences and reduce the risks during the process of transportation. Based on Technology of Dangerous Freight Transportation, the accident calculation principles are suggested, which enables to assess the costs and to find a generalized accident rate. The calculation results are provided.

A claim can be understood as a negative result of the performance of a contract, as it is necessary to fulfill the obligation and/or indemnify (freight damage claim, for example). Today’s claims management faces a variety of problems, such as inefficient claims postings, possible data forgery, and a very lengthy claims resolution process. All these problems can be solved by using a synthesis of innovative tools, e.g., a blockchain system, game theory, and statistical methods. Theoretical possibilities and practical examples regarding solving claims management problems were identified by analyzing various scientific sources. However, it remained unclear whether these methods could interact with each other, complicate the existing claims settlement process or not, or whether a synthesis of such measures would be viable. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted and answers to the above questions were found. The research revealed that 75 % of international Lithuanian logistics companies can apply the synthesis of these methods in claims management and solutions. Using the concordance coefficient formula, the value of W was calculated. This coefficient indicated that the opinions of the experts who participated in the study were somewhat similar. The value of the actual χ2 distribution was also calculated. The result obtained shows that the experts’ opinions were somewhat harmonized and that their compatibility was not accidental. The use of blockchain system synthesis in combination with game theory and statistical methods could help international logistics companies to reduce their costs, speed up the management process, and increase data security and reliability while ensuring structured one-stop claims management. Keywords: blockchain system; game theory; statistical methods; claims management; international logistics.

The poorly developed network and the low level of interconnection between sea and land terminals along the North-South and East-West corridors in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) have a negative impact and are a major obstacle to the international competitiveness of these corridors. In order to respond to this challenge, three new high-tech intermodal transport centers have been formed in Lithuania along the trans-European (TEN-T). These centers are designated to respond flexibly to the needs of local and international markets, taking advantage of intermodal transport. The main aim of the article is to explore the attitudes and interests of intermodal transport terminal managers, and other decision makers and experts to use the East-West and North-South international corridors as well as their intentions to develop interoperability between terminals. Based on the research, an innovative model of synchronization transport flows between major intermodal terminals have been proposed. Article in Lithuanian. Įvairiarūšio transporto terminalų tarpusavio veiklos sprendimų tyrimas Santrauka Silpnai išplėtotas tinklas ir žemas jūros ir sausumos terminalų tarpusavio sąveikos lygis išilgai Baltijos jūros regiono (BJR) Šiaurės–Pietų ir Rytų–Vakarų transporto koridorių yra didelis kliuvinys siekiant didinti tarptautinį šių transporto koridorių konkurencingumą. Siekiant atsiliepti į šį iššūkį Lietuvoje transeuropinių (TEN-T) Šiaurės–Pietų ir Rytų–Vakarų koridorių kryptimis, yra suformuoti nauji modernių technologijų įvairiarūšio transporto centrai. Šių centrų paskirtis – lankstus reagavimas į vietos ir tarptautinių rinkų poreikius, naudojant įvairiarūšio transporto teikiamus privalumus. Svarbiausias straipsnio tikslas – ištirti įvairiarūšio transporto terminalų valdytojų ir kitų sprendimų priėmėjų bei specialistų požiūrius ir interesus naudotis Rytų–Vakarų bei Šiaurės–Pietų tarptautiniais transporto koridoriais, taip pat jų ketinimus plėtoti tarpusavio kooperavimąsi. Remiantis atliktais tyrimais pasiūlytas inovacinis transporto srautų sinchronizavimo tarp pagrindinių įvairiarūšio transporto terminalų modelis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: TEN-T koridoriai, įvairiarūšio transporto terminalai, sąveikumas, sinchronizavimas, modeliavimas.

The main goal of this paper is to determine the main technical and technological criteria impacting the effectiveness of the synchronization of transport flows in the East-West Transport Corridor (EWTC) in the southern part of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) corridor using a specific questionnaire. The results were processed using the Kendall rating correlation method, and the compatibility of the expert selection was analysed using a match factor. Following Kendall’s concordance coefficient and consistency ratio values, the expert opinions were reconciled. In the course of the research using the Average Rank Transformation into Weights (ARTIW) method, the normalized subjective weights of the main technical and technological impacting synchronization of transport flows were determined. The outcomes of the research presented in the paper have shown that the main technical criteria impacting synchronization are: railway infrastructure and road transport infrastructure at the terminals. The most important technological interaction criteria are accessibility of seaports and accessibility of railway distribution stations. In the following stages of research, the main criteria of the above two factors should be used to create models and facilitate synchronization with the purpose of building an interconnected transport system spanning all modes of transport. &nbsp

Railway noise is a major environmental and public health problem. When the train is moving, a few clear sounds are emitted: the noise of the locomotive engine and the wheels turning on the rail. As a result, both passenger and freight trains emit noise in the suburbs, but their noise levels are different.

Lithuanian territory carrying thousands of tons of dangerous materials within the country and international routes. In case of hazardous and accident situations, the transport control and assistance services do not have much information - they lack knowledge of the nature and characteristics of the dangerous goods being transported, as well as their impact and risk. The paper presents the technologies used to monitor dangerous goods for locating a cargo area, presenting status parameters and other necessary information. It examines the main tools and products used for monitoring dangerous goods in Lithuania, as well as their most important functions. A survey was carried out to identify the most important monitoring tools and the most important functions of the monitoring of dangerous goods by road. Estimated Kendal’s match factors when there are no related ratings. Research has shown that the most important monitoring functions are real-time cargo handling, fast transfer of necessary information to drivers, real-time recording of cargo condition (changes, temperature).

The article reports the results of investigation of “3PL” areas, which has to be improve. The goal of this article is to present the results of research of “3PL” influence for company and to select key factors, which they have the influence to affect the business development. There are two main reasons then the managers should think about “3PL” service use: 1) the company is in decline, there are problems which are difficult or impossible to resolve only with internal resources; 2) the company is up and looking for additional opportunities for improvement. There is the analysis of the sources is made in order to state criteria of the “3PL” improvement problems in transport companies. According to the summed assessment scores a “3PL” service improvement opportunities affecting criteria list is generated. The priority queue is based on the number of points that were given for each criterion; it is expressed as a percentage of their significance. Following a survey of experts, received kits of estimation are processed statistically. Is used the pairwise comparison method. By ranking method, significance of indicators is identified by direct means. Following the survey, there are received ratings of respondents. Respondents’ reliability of the assessment is expressed by concordance coefficient of opinions characterizing the degree of overlap of individual opinions. Findings of research of “3PL” service providers are evaluated by eight factors (cost reduction, operational parameters, the use of information technology systems, flexibility, quality management, collaboration with customers, fixed assets and performance evaluation) as the most significant independent criteria, showing the importance. The result of the paper is a model designed and based on the analysis and criteria chosen by expert on “3PL” services that work for the improvement.

Maritime and Hinterland terminals enable the transhipment of load units between various modes of transport and play a significant role in intermodal freight transport. The aim of the Thesis was to investigate the opportunities of interface between the intermodal terminals along the East–West and North–South international transport corridors in developing new services/goods. The theoretical-analytic part of the Thesis considers the issues related to the efficiency of interface of the multi-modal transport. Moreover this study discusses functions and role of the intermodal terminals in delivering intermodal units along the international transport corridors. In the Thesis related to the research presents a model (based on the literature analysis and findings of the questionnaire survey) could improve the interface of intermodal terminals along the international transport corridors. Continuation of distribution activity from the sea port terminal via the main terminal (hub) and further to more regions by using the services of containers trains will ensure more effective use of infrastructure (maritime and hinterland terminals). Information and communication technologies make transport services more attractive and viable. By applying the questionnaire survey and evaluating the key factors influencing the effectiveness of the international corridor, the efforts were made to investigate the opportunities of interface of intermodal terminals. In cooperation with all the stakeholders the applied new model could facilitate the development of new services in the international transport corridors.

Dangerous goods are a specific part of all goods. About 50% of cargoes are considered dangerous when they are transported in the Republic of Lithuania. Anyone transporting or storing dangerous goods must solve two additional problems: choose the mode of transport and reduce the risk of accidents and the potential damage to people and the environment during transport.

Vehicle congestion and high risk of accidents result in disappointment of many drivers and public transport users, causing psychological tension and increasing the accident rate. The accident rate is one of key indicators that help measuring processes of the transport system and its development. With the help of various road safety solutions, the modern world aims to ensure safe transportation and achieve reduction in the number of traffic accidents. Lithuania is focusing on these issues as well. Reduction in the number of traffic accidents requires implementation of the national road traffic safety policy. Traffic safety on the roads of national significance in Lithuania is one of the most important priorities. The success of reducing the number of victims in road accidents lies in mutual understanding, respect, cultured behaviour, closer cooperation between traffic members, as well as installation of engineering safety measures and application of advanced technologies. In order to properly evaluate the impact of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) on traffic safety, the article presents a comprehensive statistical analysis on traffic accidents, ITS applications on Lithuanian roads, measures to minimize accident levels by deploying Intelligent transport systems.

Synchromodality is a freight transport process in which information is exchanged expeditiously in order to maximize the benefits of different modes of transport and transport nodes in terms of efficiency and environmental impact. The aim of the study is to analyze the problems of synchronized intermodal traffic management between the main port and inland transport nodes in European transport corridors and to find reliable solutions to these problems. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to investigate the problem of the distribution of containers transported by rail between two transport terminals in a synchronous transport network. A specific optimization model is presented in this article. This optimization task is formulated as a stochastic integer programming model between the terminals located in Vilnius and Klaipeda Seaport, the essence of which is as follows: (a) to minimize the waiting time for container cargo at the location—terminal No. 1; (b) to minimize the total journey time of the train; (c) to minimize the waiting time for containerized cargo at the point of arrival—terminal No. 2.

In the article opportunities of changing paper CMR waybill into electronic are analysed, whereas the paper CMR waybill does not guarantee operational information exchange between participants of logistics chain components in road transport. Due to this reason use ofelectronic CMR waybill becomes more and more important. According to researches done by article authors, the article submitted the limitations of paper CMR waybill, benefits of electronic CMR waybill, concept model of implementing electronic CMR waybill and application possibilities of supply chain components. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos popierinio CMR važtaraščio galimybės keisti jį į elektroninį CMR važtaraštį, nes popierinis jau nebeužtikrina operatyvių informacijos mainų tarp vežimo dalyvių kelių transporte. Naudoti elektroninį važtaraštį tampa vis aktualiau. Remiantis atliktų tyrimų rezultatais straipsnyje pateikiami pagrindiniai popierinio CMR važtaraščio trūkumai, įvardijami elektroninio važtaraščio privalumai, elektroninio CMR važtaraščio realizavimo koncepcinis modelis ir jo taikymo galimybės visiems vežimo dalyviams. Raktiniai žodžiai:tiekimo grandinė, transporto informacinės sistemos, elektroninis CMR važtaraštis, popierinis važtaraštis.

The primary goal of each organization is to maximize the profits, take the larger share of the market or to provide the best service possible. In order to implement this goal, organizations must have unique resources, i.e. – human resources. Effective management of human resources is an important factor in achieving the goals and benefits of an organization, individual and society. No less important is the acquired qualifications and competencies of the employees. There are cases when the lack of competencies encourages the employers to seek for certain alternatives: either exchange young specialists into experienced ones or invest in them time and money. Additional investments are expensive for the companies, especially in the areas where quick orientation in the current situation is required (eg. Transport sector). Therefore, a qualified transport specialist is a great asset of the company. Theoretical aspects of human resources are discussed in the paper. On the basis of diverse works of the authors, the paper analyses and discusses management processes, human resource competencies in transport sector, issues and perspectives, as well as provides the results of the research.

In order to develop an integrated multimodal transportation, freight shippers and carriers, operators of multimodal transport in particular, must create and develop business strategies bringing together managerial, economic, technological and human resources. Additional investments are expensive for the companies, especially in the areas where quick orientation in the current situation is required. On the basis of diverse works of the authors, the paper analyses Information Technologies (IT) application multimodal transportations issues and perspectives, as well as provides the results of the research.

The paper presents various scientific interpretations of the concept of competition, the concept of a competitive environment, methods and models of competitive environment assessment and the competition factors that influence the activities of the company are presented as well. According to this literature assessment, the analysis of competitive environment of passenger transportation of JC “Lithuanian Railways” was carried out and the forecast of passenger transportation was provided for all modes in 2017–2021.

The rapidly changing world determines changes in the business processes. Logistics and transport are the areas facing constant changes. Therefore, an important point is to analyse the current problems of logistics and transport within the context of the changing environment. For many years, the experts of the Dept of Logistics and Transport Management of the Faculty of Transport Engineering from Vilnius Gediminas Technical University have been pursuing research both, in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in Lithuania and foreign countries. This research has been directed toward improvements to logistics and the entire supply chain in pursuit of economic, social and ecological competitiveness, an increase in the competitiveness and attractiveness of the transport system in the context of sustainable development, the impact of this system on the economic and social welfare of society, an increase in the competitiveness and attractiveness of the transport sector of improving the legal framework and the application of innovative technologies (including IT) in the transport sector aimed at implementing economic and social cohesion goals. The article deals with some of the key issues of the above introduced research.

The article analyzes the human resource management impact of competitiveness of transport companies. According to the scientific literature article discusses human resource management, Competitive advantage and competitive analysis concepts, evaluated modern human resource management models and theories of the relationship between companies and the allocation of human resources and competitiveness. The paper describes the Lithuanian transport sector companies operating in human resource managements research processes.

Siekiant sumažinti eismo įvykių skaičių reikia įgyvendinti nacionalinę kelių eismo saugumo politiką, kuri yra vienas iš svarbiausių instrumentų, nurodančių, kokiomis kryptimis reikia veikti diegiant kelių saugumo sprendimus keliams, kuriuose eismo įvykių skaičius yra didžiausias. Straipsnyje pateikiama metodologija eismo intensyvumui skaičiuoti, kurią galima taikyti sprendžiant kelių eismo saugumo problemas. Straipsnyje aprašoma protingų transportavimo sistemų (PTS) svarba kelių saugumui ir analizuojant esminius kelių saugumą lemiančius veiksnius. Lietuvos kelių analizė rodo, kad vidutinio greičio matuoklius reiktų naudoti su ženklais, perduodančiais įvairius pranešimus ir oro stebėjimo sistema KOSIS. Eismo saugumo užtikrinimas turėtų būti pagrindinis prioritetas. Norint pašalinti juodas dėmes, reikia suplanuoti eismo saugumo gerinimo priemones ir šviečiamąją veiklą, kuri stimuliuotų kelių eismo dalyvių saugų elgesį. Judriausios autostrados Vilnius–Kaunas–Klaipėda (A1) statistinė analizė atskleidė, kad maždaug 45 proc. eismo įvykių įvyksta dėl nesaugaus greičio. 34 proc. žmonių žuvo ir 59 proc. žmonių buvo sužeista dėl tos pačios priežasties. Siekiant spręsti eismo saugumo problemas, rekomenduojama sumontuoti vidutinio greičio matuoklius kelių atkarpose, kur įvyksta daugiausia avarijų. Geriausios priemonės vairuotojams auklėti yra baudžiamosios, o ne informacinės. Visos rekomendacijos buvo ekonomiškai įvertintos taikant prognozavimo metodą. Greičio matuokliai atsipirks per vienus metus, įvairių pranešimų ženklai – per dvejus. The rapid growth of traffic intensity was predetermined by the dynamic change in the number of cars and the need for carriage. Vehicle congestion and high risk of accidents result in disappointment of many drivers and public transport users, causing psychological tension and increasing the accident rate. The accident rate is one of key indicators that help measuring processes of the transport system and its development. With the help of various road safety solutions, the modern world aims to ensure safe transportation and achieve reduction in the number of traffic accidents. Just as any other country, Lithuania is focusing on these issues as well. Reduction in the number of traffic accidents requires implementation of the national road traffic safety policy, which is one of the most important instruments that specify directions to be taken while implementing road safety solutions for roads with the highest traffic accident rate. The paper presents a methodology for calculating traffic intensity, which can be used while addressing road safety problems. The article describes the importance of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) for road safety issues and analysis of key traffic safety determinants. The core functions of ITSs are work with information and control of technologies. ITS services can make transport safer. The article examines the use of ITSs for estimation of road safety problems in Lithuania

This article examines types of informational technologies application problems, shows their scheme, observes basic data structures of technological problems, principles and methods of modeling these structures. It is noted that the solution of transport technology problems is based on the improvement of technological supply, the rational usage of informational modeling methodology of the whole transportation process. There are informational search and presentation computerized technologies when indexation and coding system are used to create them. As an example, dangerous freight forwarding resolution codification is shown, which is used for searching the most important resolutions and for their presentation to all the dangerous freight-forwarding participants. The present informational search and presentation programs that improve the possibilities of the presented search are observed as well. First Published Online: 19 Dec 2011