11 results on '"Nikki Maples-Reynolds"'
Search Results
2. Contributors
- Author
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Jan Aaseth, Peter Aggett, Antero Aitio, Agneta Åkesson, Maria Albin, Jan Alexander, Christian B.I. Andersen, Ole Andersen, Pietro Apostoli, Michael Aschner, Rowa Bakadlag, Lars Barregard, David C. Bellinger, Ingvar A. Bergdahl, Balazs Berlinger, Alfred Bernard, Carolina Bigert, Poul Bjerregaard, Robyn Blain, Lennart K. Blomqvist, Beatrice Bocca, Stephan Bose-O'Reilly, Karin Broberg, Ronald P. Brown, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Samuel W. Caito, Tiffany Carle, Chien-Jen Chen, Xiao Chen, Lung-Chi Chen, C.-H. Selene J. Chou, Mitchell D. Cohen, Max Costa, Giuseppe De Palma, Alison Elder, Carl-Gustaf Elinder, Bengt Fadeel, Obaid M. Faroon, Bruce A. Fowler, Hitomi Fujishiro, Silvia Fustinoni, Lars Gerhardsson, Philippe Grandjean, Per Gustavsson, Yolanda Hedberg, Seiichiro Himeno, Xi Huang, Per A. Hultman, Ivo Iavicoli, Taiyi Jin, Robert L. Jones, Hanna L. Karlsson, Larry S. Keith, Yangho Kim, Catherine B. Klein, Michael Kleinman, David Kotelchuck, Yukinori Kusaka, Philip J. Landrigan, Per E. Leffler, Veruscka Leso, Alex Heng Li, Dominique Lison, Shan Liu, Roberto G. Lucchini, Polina Maciejczyk, Koren K. Mann, Nikki Maples-Reynolds, Michael J. Maroney, Airton C. Martins, Mary S. Matsui, Daphne B. Moffett, Lisbeth Birk Møller, M. Moiz Mumtaz, Makiko Nakano, Benoit Nemery, Koji Nogawa, Gunnar F. Nordberg, Monica Nordberg, Angelica Ortiz, Agneta Oskarsson, Elena A. Ostrakhovitch, Cezary M. Pałczyński, Natalia Pawlas, Daniela Pelclova, Maria Pesonen, K. Michael Pollard, Lothar Rink, Flavia Ruggieri, Patricia Ruiz, Harold H. Sandstead, Tiina Santonen, Kazuhiro Sato, Hiroshi Satoh, Deepak Saxena, Greet Schoeters, Bengt Sjögren, Staffan Skerfving, Donald R. Smith, Dexter W. Sullivan, Daigo Sumi, Hong Sun, Hille Suojalehto, Akiyo Tanaka, Milton Tenenbein, George D. Thurston, Francisco A. Tomei Torres, Muhammet S. Toprak, Carolyn A. Tylenda, Julian F. Tyson, Tomohiro Umemura, Margaret H. Whittaker, Jana Wolf, Wenbo Yan, Robert A. Yokel, and Rudolfs K. Zalups
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Germanium
- Author
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Larry S. Keith and Nikki Maples-Reynolds
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
4. Gallium and gallium semiconductor compounds
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Akiyo Tanaka, Nikki Maples-Reynolds, and Bruce A. Fowler
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Contributors
- Author
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Jan Aaseth, Peter Aggett, Antero Aitio, Agneta Åkesson, Maria Albin, Jan Alexander, Christian B.I. Andersen, Ole Andersen, Pietro Apostoli, Michael Aschner, Rowa Bakadlag, Lars Barregard, David C. Bellinger, Ingvar A. Bergdahl, Balazs Berlinger, Alfred Bernard, Carolina Bigert, Poul Bjerregaard, Robyn Blain, Lennart K. Blomqvist, Beatrice Bocca, Stephan Bose-O'Reilly, Karin Broberg, Ronald P. Brown, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Samuel W. Caito, Tiffany Carle, Chien-Jen Chen, Xiao Chen, Lung-Chi Chen, C.-H. Selene J. Chou, Mitchell D. Cohen, Max Costa, Giuseppe De Palma, Alison Elder, Carl-Gustaf Elinder, Bengt Fadeel, Obaid M. Faroon, Bruce A. Fowler, Hitomi Fujishiro, Silvia Fustinoni, Lars Gerhardsson, Philippe Grandjean, Per Gustavsson, Yolanda Hedberg, Seiichiro Himeno, Xi Huang, Per A. Hultman, Ivo Iavicoli, Taiyi Jin, Robert L. Jones, Hanna L. Karlsson, Larry S. Keith, Yangho Kim, Catherine B. Klein, Michael Kleinman, David Kotelchuck, Yukinori Kusaka, Philip J. Landrigan, Per E. Leffler, Veruscka Leso, Alex Heng Li, Dominique Lison, Shan Liu, Roberto G. Lucchini, Polina Maciejczyk, Koren K. Mann, Nikki Maples-Reynolds, Michael J. Maroney, Airton C. Martins, Mary S. Matsui, Daphne B. Moffett, Lisbeth Birk Møller, M. Moiz Mumtaz, Makiko Nakano, Benoit Nemery, Koji Nogawa, Gunnar F. Nordberg, Monica Nordberg, Angelica Ortiz, Agneta Oskarsson, Elena A. Ostrakhovitch, Cezary M. Pałczyński, Natalia Pawlas, Daniela Pelclova, Maria Pesonen, K. Michael Pollard, Lothar Rink, Flavia Ruggieri, Patricia Ruiz, Harold H. Sandstead, Tiina Santonen, Kazuhiro Sato, Hiroshi Satoh, Deepak Saxena, Greet Schoeters, Bengt Sjögren, Staffan Skerfving, Donald R. Smith, Dexter W. Sullivan, Daigo Sumi, Hong Sun, Hille Suojalehto, Akiyo Tanaka, Milton Tenenbein, George D. Thurston, Francisco A. Tomei Torres, Muhammet S. Toprak, Carolyn A. Tylenda, Julian F. Tyson, Tomohiro Umemura, Margaret H. Whittaker, Jana Wolf, Wenbo Yan, Robert A. Yokel, and Rudolfs K. Zalups
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. List of Contributors
- Author
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Jan Aaseth, Peter Aggett, Antero Aitio, Jan Alexander, Shegufta Ameer, Christian B.I. Andersen, Ole Andersen, Pietro Apostoli, Michael Aschner, Farida Louise Assem, Lars Barregård, David C. Bellinger, Ingvar A. Bergdahl, Maths Berlin, Balázs Berlinger, Alfred Bernard, Carolina Bigert, Poul Bjerregaard, Robyn Blain, Karin Broberg, Jason Brocato, Ronald P. Brown, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Samuel W. Caito, Simona Catalani, C.-J. Chen, C.-H. Selene, J. Chou, Max Costa, Todd Davidson, John W. Eaton, Alison Elder, Carl -Gustaf Elinder, Dag G. Ellingsen, Hisham A. El-Masri, Karin Engström, Bengt Fadeel, Obaid M. Faroon, Bruce A. Fowler, Silvia Fustinoni, Lars Gerhardsson, Philippe Grandjean, Per Gustavsson, James S. Holler, Per Hultman, Ivo Iavicoli, Anders Iregren, Marek Jakubowski, Taiyi Jin, Robert L. Jones, Hanna L. Karlsson, George Kazantzis, Qindong Ke, Larry S. Keith, Mirja Kiilunen, Yangho Kim, Catherine Klein, Michael Kleinman, David Kotelchuck, Yukinori Kusaka, Philip J. Landrigan, Sverre Langård, Freda Laulicht, Per E. Leffler, Veruscka Leso, Dominique Lison, Roberto G. Lucchini, Nikki Maples-Reynolds, Daphne B. Moffett, Lisbeth Birk Møller, Johan Montelius, Moiz M. Mumtaz, Koji Nogawa, Gunnar F. Nordberg, Monica Nordberg, Agneta Oskarsson, Elena A. Ostrakhovich, Cezary PałczyŃski, K. Michael Pollard, Prem Ponka, Candace M. Prusiewicz, Patricia Ruiz, Harold H. Sandstead, Tiina Santonen, Marko ŠariĆ, Kazuhiro Sato, Hiroshi Satoh, Mary J. Sexton, Bengt Sjögren, Staffan Skerfving, Donald R. Smith, Dexter W. Sullivan, Jonas Tallkvist, Milton Tenenbein, Muhammet S. Toprak, Carolyn Tylenda, Tomohiro Umemura, Richard P. Wedeen, Robert A. Yokel, and Rudolfs K. Zalups
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. List of Contributors
- Author
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Jan Aaseth, Peter Aggett, Antero Aitio, Jan Alexander, Shegufta Ameer, Christian B.I. Andersen, Ole Andersen, Pietro Apostoli, Michael Aschner, Farida Louise Assem, Lars Barregård, David C. Bellinger, Ingvar A. Bergdahl, Maths Berlin, Balázs Berlinger, Alfred Bernard, Carolina Bigert, Poul Bjerregaard, Robyn Blain, Karin Broberg, Jason Brocato, Ronald P. Brown, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Samuel W. Caito, Simona Catalani, C.-J. Chen, C.-H. Selene, J. Chou, Max Costa, Todd Davidson, John W. Eaton, Alison Elder, Carl -Gustaf Elinder, Dag G. Ellingsen, Hisham A. El-Masri, Karin Engström, Bengt Fadeel, Obaid M. Faroon, Bruce A. Fowler, Silvia Fustinoni, Lars Gerhardsson, Philippe Grandjean, Per Gustavsson, James S. Holler, Per Hultman, Ivo Iavicoli, Anders Iregren, Marek Jakubowski, Taiyi Jin, Robert L. Jones, Hanna L. Karlsson, George Kazantzis, Qindong Ke, Larry S. Keith, Mirja Kiilunen, Yangho Kim, Catherine Klein, Michael Kleinman, David Kotelchuck, Yukinori Kusaka, Philip J. Landrigan, Sverre Langård, Freda Laulicht, Per E. Leffler, Veruscka Leso, Dominique Lison, Roberto G. Lucchini, Nikki Maples-Reynolds, Daphne B. Moffett, Lisbeth Birk Møller, Johan Montelius, Moiz M. Mumtaz, Koji Nogawa, Gunnar F. Nordberg, Monica Nordberg, Agneta Oskarsson, Elena A. Ostrakhovich, Cezary PałczyŃski, K. Michael Pollard, Prem Ponka, Candace M. Prusiewicz, Patricia Ruiz, Harold H. Sandstead, Tiina Santonen, Marko ŠariĆ, Kazuhiro Sato, Hiroshi Satoh, Mary J. Sexton, Bengt Sjögren, Staffan Skerfving, Donald R. Smith, Dexter W. Sullivan, Jonas Tallkvist, Milton Tenenbein, Muhammet S. Toprak, Carolyn Tylenda, Tomohiro Umemura, Richard P. Wedeen, Robert A. Yokel, and Rudolfs K. Zalups
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Indium
- Author
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Nikki Maples-Reynolds and Bruce A. Fowler
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Materials science ,Inhalation ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Inorganic chemistry ,Population ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Mononuclear phagocyte system ,respiratory system ,Indium tin oxide ,Excretion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Indium phosphide ,Indium arsenide ,education ,Indium ,circulatory and respiratory physiology - Abstract
Indium (In) compounds are poorly absorbed when ingested and moderately so when inhaled. Muscle, skin, and bone constitute the main storage sites, but the excretion routes vary depending on the form: ionic indium is excreted primarily in urine; and fecal elimination is the predominant route for removal of colloidal indium. A biphasic pattern of excretion and a whole-body biological half-time in the order of 2 weeks have been reported for both forms of indium. Ionic indium is concentrated in the kidneys, producing renal failure; colloidal indium is taken up by the reticuloendothelial system, causing damage to the liver and spleen. Ionic indium has been shown to produce marked ultrastructural damage to the endoplasmic reticulum of both hepatocytes and renal proximal tubule cells, with associated disruption of heme metabolism and hemoprotein function. The intravenous administration of ionic indium to pregnant hamsters is reported to produce malformations of the fetal digits. The most common routes of exposure for the general population are inhalation and ingestion; for occupationally exposed persons, it is inhalation. The use of In for nanotechnology may increase the possibility of dermal absorption in work environments. The toxicology of indium has been reviewed by Izrael’son, 1973; Smith et al., 1978; Fowler, 1979 ; Fowler, 1986, and Fowler and Sexton (2002).
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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9. Germanium∗
- Author
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Obaid M. Faroon, Larry S. Keith, Nikki Maples-Reynolds, and Bruce A. Fowler
- Subjects
Germanium dioxide ,Kidney ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Population ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Germanium ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,Hydropic degeneration ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Toxicity ,medicine ,Germanium tetrachloride ,education ,business ,Carcinogen - Abstract
Animal experimental data show that germanium compounds, both inorganic and organic, are rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. The distribution among the organs and tissues is fairly uniform, but there is evidence of an initial preference for kidney and liver, followed by rapid urinary excretion and long-term accumulation in the bone. Data on biological half-times are inadequate, but for the rat the whole-body retention half-time is estimated to be approximately 1.5 days. Germanium tetrachloride is a strong irritant of the respiratory system, skin, and the eye, possibly because it is easily hydrolyzed, producing hydrogen chloride; in mice, high-level inhalation exposures cause necrosis of the tracheal mucosa, bronchitis, and interstitial pneumonia. Systemic toxicity of germanium compounds is comparatively uncommon; however, when overexposure occurs, nephropathy, neuropathy, and hepatotoxicity are usually observed. Trialkylgermanium compounds are less toxic than the corresponding lead or tin alkyls, and current evidence suggests that germanium is not carcinogenic. Dimethylgermanium oxide is teratogenic in chickens, but sodium germanate has not produced malformations in hamsters. Cell culture studies show that water-soluble nanoparticle germanium may be more toxic than germanium dioxide (GeO2), but may not directly damage DNA; however, more research is needed. There is little information on the toxicity of inorganic germanium compounds to humans, except that germanium tetrachloride may produce skin irritation and germanium health supplements have been linked to serious health effects in humans. In clinical trials, spirogermanium, an organogermanium antitumor agent, has been shown to be neurotoxic. For these and other reasons, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the detention of germanium products labeled to claim human health benefits. In addition, the American Cancer Society considers that germanium supplements may be harmful and that delaying conventional medical care to take germanium compounds could seriously impact health. High doses of germanium compounds (taken as supplements) induced remarkable lactic acidosis, hydropic degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules with presence of inclusion bodies, and some cellular necrosis and subsequent renal failure; however, the renal glomeruli and the renal interstitial tissue seemed normal. Neurological effects involved negative deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities and a persistent tingling sensation of the palms and soles. In addition to severe cardiac dilation, vacuolar degeneration of myocardial cells and interstitial edema were observed. Inhalation is the main route of occupational exposure to germanium during its production and that of related products; the main source of exposure for the general population is germanium naturally present in food. Short reviews on the toxicology of germanium and its compounds have been published by Mogilevskaja Ja, 1973; Underwood, 1977; Aldridge, 1978 ; Ohri et al., 1993, and Tao and Bolger (1997).
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
10. List of Contributors
- Author
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John Beresney, Peter Boogaard, Weihsueh Chiu, Sorina Eftim, Hong Fang, Jeff Fisher, Bruce A. Fowler, Natàlia Garcia-Reyero, Mark Gosink, Nigel Greene, Huixiao Hong, Frans Jongeneelen, Reagan Kelly, Kannan Krishnan, John C. Lipscomb, Zhichao Liu, Annie Lumen, Nikki Maples-Reynolds, William Mendez, Brooks McPhail, Moiz Mumtaz, Edward J. Perkins, Roger Perkins, Patricia Ruiz, Kalyanasundaram Subramanian, Wil ten Berge, Weida Tong, Luis G. Valerio, Isaac Warren, Paul White, and Xiaoxia Yang
- Published
- 2013
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11. Multiple Chemical Exposures and Risk Assessment
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John C. Lipscomb, Nikki Maples-Reynolds, and Moiz Mumtaz
- Subjects
Involuntary action ,Chemistry ,Mechanism (biology) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mechanism of action ,Action (philosophy) ,Environmental chemistry ,medicine ,Biochemical engineering ,medicine.symptom ,Risk assessment ,Mode of action ,Chemical risk ,Toxicant - Abstract
Humans are exposed to chemicals through voluntary and involuntary actions; to natural and synthetic chemicals all day, every day. Single chemical risk assessments are complex in and of themselves, and the assessment of chemical mixtures exponentially increases the complexity for toxicologists, regulators, and the public. Chemicals produce effects in biological systems which may or may not be related to their toxicity; some effects may be adaptive or may not be a direct part of their mode or mechanism of toxic action. These terms are commonly used and may be distinguished based on the level of detail implied. Mode of action usually describes the effect of a toxicant at the cellular or organ level, while mechanism of action implies an understanding of the interaction of the toxicant at the molecular level. Chemicals can have the same mode of action, but act via different mechanisms. Components in a chemical mixture are characterized by mode and/or mechanism for the purpose of grouping, described later.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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