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1. Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission at a large public university

Author

Diana Rose E. Ranoa, Robin L. Holland, Fadi G. Alnaji, Kelsie J. Green, Leyi Wang, Richard L. Fredrickson, Tong Wang, George N. Wong, Johnny Uelmen, Sergei Maslov, Zachary J. Weiner, Alexei V. Tkachenko, Hantao Zhang, Zhiru Liu, Ahmed Ibrahim, Sanjay J. Patel, John M. Paul, Nickolas P. Vance, Joseph G. Gulick, Sandeep Puthanveetil Satheesan, Isaac J. Galvan, Andrew Miller, Joseph Grohens, Todd J. Nelson, Mary P. Stevens, P Mark Hennessy, Robert C. Parker, Edward Santos, Charles Brackett, Julie D. Steinman, Melvin R. Fenner, Kirstin Dohrer, Michael DeLorenzo, Laura Wilhelm-Barr, Brian R. Brauer, Catherine Best-Popescu, Gary Durack, Nathan Wetter, David M. Kranz, Jessica Breitbarth, Charlie Simpson, Julie A. Pryde, Robin N. Kaler, Chris Harris, Allison C. Vance, Jodi L. Silotto, Mark Johnson, Enrique Andres Valera, Patricia K. Anton, Lowa Mwilambwe, Stephen P. Bryan, Deborah S. Stone, Danita B. Young, Wanda E. Ward, John Lantz, John A. Vozenilek, Rashid Bashir, Jeffrey S. Moore, Mayank Garg, Julian C. Cooper, Gillian Snyder, Michelle H. Lore, Dustin L. Yocum, Neal J. Cohen, Jan E. Novakofski, Melanie J. Loots, Randy L. Ballard, Mark Band, Kayla M. Banks, Joseph D. Barnes, Iuliana Bentea, Jessica Black, Jeremy Busch, Abigail Conte, Madison Conte, Michael Curry, Jennifer Eardley, April Edwards, Therese Eggett, Judes Fleurimont, Delaney Foster, Bruce W. Fouke, Nicholas Gallagher, Nicole Gastala, Scott A. Genung, Declan Glueck, Brittani Gray, Andrew Greta, Robert M. Healy, Ashley Hetrick, Arianna A. Holterman, Nahed Ismail, Ian Jasenof, Patrick Kelly, Aaron Kielbasa, Teresa Kiesel, Lorenzo M. Kindle, Rhonda L. Lipking, Yukari C. Manabe, Jade ́ Mayes, Reubin McGuffin, Kenton G. McHenry, Agha Mirza, Jada Moseley, Heba H. Mostafa, Melody Mumford, Kathleen Munoz, Arika D. Murray, Moira Nolan, Nil A. Parikh, Andrew Pekosz, Janna Pflugmacher, Janise M. Phillips, Collin Pitts, Mark C. Potter, James Quisenberry, Janelle Rear, Matthew L. Robinson, Edith Rosillo, Leslie N. Rye, MaryEllen Sherwood, Anna Simon, Jamie M. Singson, Carly Skadden, Tina H. Skelton, Charlie Smith, Mary Stech, Ryan Thomas, Matthew A. Tomaszewski, Erika A. Tyburski, Scott Vanwingerden, Evette Vlach, Ronald S. Watkins, Karriem Watson, Karen C. White, Timothy L. Killeen, Robert J. Jones, Andreas C. Cangellaris, Susan A. Martinis, Awais Vaid, Christopher B. Brooke, Joseph T. Walsh, Ahmed Elbanna, William C. Sullivan, Rebecca L. Smith, Nigel Goldenfeld, Timothy M. Fan, Paul J. Hergenrother, and Martin D. Burke

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Safely opening university campuses has been a major challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the authors describe a program of public health measures employed at a university in the United States which, combined with other non-pharmaceutical interventions, allowed the university to stay open in fall 2020 with limited evidence of transmission.

Published
2022
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4. Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission at a large public university

Author

Diana Rose E. Ranoa, Robin L. Holland, Fadi G. Alnaji, Kelsie J. Green, Leyi Wang, Richard L. Fredrickson, Tong Wang, George N. Wong, Johnny Uelmen, Sergei Maslov, Zachary J. Weiner, Alexei V. Tkachenko, Hantao Zhang, Zhiru Liu, Ahmed Ibrahim, Sanjay J. Patel, John M. Paul, Nickolas P. Vance, Joseph G. Gulick, Sandeep Puthanveetil Satheesan, Isaac J. Galvan, Andrew Miller, Joseph Grohens, Todd J. Nelson, Mary P. Stevens, P Mark Hennessy, Robert C. Parker, Edward Santos, Charles Brackett, Julie D. Steinman, Melvin R. Fenner, Kirstin Dohrer, Michael DeLorenzo, Laura Wilhelm-Barr, Brian R. Brauer, Catherine Best-Popescu, Gary Durack, Nathan Wetter, David M. Kranz, Jessica Breitbarth, Charlie Simpson, Julie A. Pryde, Robin N. Kaler, Chris Harris, Allison C. Vance, Jodi L. Silotto, Mark Johnson, Enrique Andres Valera, Patricia K. Anton, Lowa Mwilambwe, Stephen P. Bryan, Deborah S. Stone, Danita B. Young, Wanda E. Ward, John Lantz, John A. Vozenilek, Rashid Bashir, Jeffrey S. Moore, Mayank Garg, Julian C. Cooper, Gillian Snyder, Michelle H. Lore, Dustin L. Yocum, Neal J. Cohen, Jan E. Novakofski, Melanie J. Loots, Randy L. Ballard, Mark Band, Kayla M. Banks, Joseph D. Barnes, Iuliana Bentea, Jessica Black, Jeremy Busch, Abigail Conte, Madison Conte, Michael Curry, Jennifer Eardley, April Edwards, Therese Eggett, Judes Fleurimont, Delaney Foster, Bruce W. Fouke, Nicholas Gallagher, Nicole Gastala, Scott A. Genung, Declan Glueck, Brittani Gray, Andrew Greta, Robert M. Healy, Ashley Hetrick, Arianna A. Holterman, Nahed Ismail, Ian Jasenof, Patrick Kelly, Aaron Kielbasa, Teresa Kiesel, Lorenzo M. Kindle, Rhonda L. Lipking, Yukari C. Manabe, Jade ́ Mayes, Reubin McGuffin, Kenton G. McHenry, Agha Mirza, Jada Moseley, Heba H. Mostafa, Melody Mumford, Kathleen Munoz, Arika D. Murray, Moira Nolan, Nil A. Parikh, Andrew Pekosz, Janna Pflugmacher, Janise M. Phillips, Collin Pitts, Mark C. Potter, James Quisenberry, Janelle Rear, Matthew L. Robinson, Edith Rosillo, Leslie N. Rye, MaryEllen Sherwood, Anna Simon, Jamie M. Singson, Carly Skadden, Tina H. Skelton, Charlie Smith, Mary Stech, Ryan Thomas, Matthew A. Tomaszewski, Erika A. Tyburski, Scott Vanwingerden, Evette Vlach, Ronald S. Watkins, Karriem Watson, Karen C. White, Timothy L. Killeen, Robert J. Jones, Andreas C. Cangellaris, Susan A. Martinis, Awais Vaid, Christopher B. Brooke, Joseph T. Walsh, Ahmed Elbanna, William C. Sullivan, Rebecca L. Smith, Nigel Goldenfeld, Timothy M. Fan, Paul J. Hergenrother, and Martin D. Burke

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, COVID-19 Testing, Universities, SARS-CoV-2, General Physics and Astronomy, COVID-19, Humans, General Chemistry, Sensitivity and Specificity, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

In Fall 2020, universities saw extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among their populations, threatening health of the university and surrounding communities, and viability of in-person instruction. Here we report a case study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where a multimodal “SHIELD: Target, Test, and Tell” program, with other non-pharmaceutical interventions, was employed to keep classrooms and laboratories open. The program included epidemiological modeling and surveillance, fast/frequent testing using a novel low-cost and scalable saliva-based RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 that bypasses RNA extraction, called covidSHIELD, and digital tools for communication and compliance. In Fall 2020, we performed >1,000,000 covidSHIELD tests, positivity rates remained low, we had zero COVID-19-related hospitalizations or deaths amongst our university community, and mortality in the surrounding Champaign County was reduced more than 4-fold relative to expected. This case study shows that fast/frequent testing and other interventions mitigated transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at a large public university.

Published
2021

5. Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission at a Large Public University

Author

Nathan Wetter, Alexei V. Tkachenko, Robert C Parker, Leyi Wang, Jodi L Silotto, Rashid Bashir, Andrew Pekosz, William C. Sullivan, Ahmed Elbanna, Abigail Conte, Michael Curry, Teresa Kiesel, Awais Vaid, Sandeep Puthanveetil Satheesan, Kenton McHenry, Johnny A. Uelmen, Andreas C. Cangellaris, Nickolas Vance, Matthew A Tomaszewski, Julie A. Pryde, John Lantz, Tong Wang, Moira Nolan, Nigel Goldenfeld, Reubin McGuffin, Zachary J. Weiner, Nahed Ismail, Timothy M. Fan, Carly Skadden, Yukari C. Manabe, Janelle Rear, Andrew Miller, Patricia K Anton, Andrew Greta, Kathleen Munoz, John M Paul, Collin Pitts, Iuliana Bentea, Jessica Black, Lowa Mwilambwe, Sanjay J. Patel, Nil A Parikh, Janise M Phillips, Charlie Simpson, Joseph D. Barnes, Mary Stech, Isaac J Galvan, Joseph T Walsh, Jeremy Busch, Joseph Grohens, Randy L Ballard, Neal J. Cohen, Robert M Healy, Todd J Nelson, Kraig Wagenecht, Fadi G. Alnaji, Robin N Kaler, Mark C Potter, Brittani Gray, Wanda E Ward, MaryEllen Sherwood, Robert J Jones, Rhonda L Lipking, Rebecca L. Smith, Lorenzo M Kindle, Melody Mumford, Mary P Stevens, Melvin R Fenner, Matthew L Robinson, Tina H Skelton, Gary Durack, Stephen B Bryan, Allison C Vance, Agha Mirza, Delaney Foster, Jada Moseley, Erika A. Tyburski, Catherine Best-Popescu, Bruce W. Fouke, Gillian Snyder, Michelle Halla Lore, Paul J. Hergenrother, Jade Mayes, Edith Rosillo, Michael DeLorenzo, Arianna A Holterman, Nicole Gastala, Sergei Maslov, Jessica Breitbarth, Karriem S. Watson, Dustin L Yocum, Leslie N Rye, Madison Conte, Kristin Dohrer, Anna Simon, Ryan Thomas, Hantao Zhang, April Edwards, Therese E. Eggett, John A. Vozenilek, Patrick Kelly, Scott A Genung, James Quisenberry, Jeffrey S. Moore, Karen White, Kayla M Banks, Enrique Valera, Declan Glueck, Richard L. Fredrickson, George N. Wong, Mark Johnson, Timothy L. Killeen, Ian G. Jasenof, Danita B Young, Jamie M Singson, Diana Rose E. Ranoa, Christopher B. Brooke, Susan A. Martinis, Jan E Novakofski, Joseph G Gulick, Janna Pflugmacher, Judes Fleurimont, Julian C Cooper, Hannah Christensen, Ronald S Watkins, Charles Brackett, Nicholas Gallagher, Deborah S Stone, Evette Vlach, David M. Kranz, Jennifer Eardley, Heba H. Mostafa, M. Band, Zhiru Liu, Kelsie J. Green, Martin D. Burke, Chris Harris, Robin L. Holland, Laura Wilhelm-Barr, Aaron Kielbasa, Julie D Steinman, P. Mark Hennessy, Arika D Murray, Scott Vanwingerden, Mayank Garg, Charles H. Smith, Melanie J Loots, Edward Santos, Ashley Hetrick, and Brian R Brauer

Subjects
Medical education, medicine.medical_specialty, Social distance, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Public health, Test (assessment), law.invention, Transmission (mechanics), law, Political science, Epidemiology, Pandemic, Public university, medicine
Abstract

In the Fall of 2020, many universities saw extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among their populations, threatening the health of students, faculty and staff, the viability of in-person instruction, and the health of surrounding communities.1, 2 Here we report that a multimodal “SHIELD: Target, Test, and Tell” program mitigated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at a large public university, prevented community transmission, and allowed continuation of in-person classes amidst the pandemic. The program combines epidemiological modelling and surveillance (Target); fast and frequent testing using a novel and FDA Emergency Use Authorized low-cost and scalable saliva-based RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 that bypasses RNA extraction, called covidSHIELD (Test); and digital tools that communicate test results, notify of potential exposures, and promote compliance with public health mandates (Tell). These elements were combined with masks, social distancing, and robust education efforts. In Fall 2020, we performed more than 1,000,000 covidSHIELD tests while keeping classrooms, laboratories, and many other university activities open. Generally, our case positivity rates remained less than 0.5%, we prevented transmission from our students to our faculty and staff, and data indicate that we had no spread in our classrooms or research laboratories. During this fall semester, we had zero COVID-19-related hospitalizations or deaths amongst our university community. We also prevented transmission from our university community to the surrounding Champaign County community. Our experience demonstrates that multimodal transmission mitigation programs can enable university communities to achieve such outcomes until widespread vaccination against COVID-19 is achieved, and provides a roadmap for how future pandemics can be addressed.

Published
2021
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6. Frontal polymerization of unidirectional carbon-fiber-reinforced composites

Author

N.G. Hibbard, Nancy R. Sottos, Nil A Parikh, Jeffrey S. Moore, Philippe H. Geubelle, Mostafa Yourdkhani, and Elyas Goli

Subjects
Exothermic reaction, Materials science, Composite number, Thermosetting polymer, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polymerization, Mechanics of Materials, Dicyclopentadiene, Volume fraction, Ceramics and Composites, Front velocity, Fiber, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We formulate a homogenized thermo-chemical model to simulate the manufacturing of unidirectional composites made of carbon fibers embedded in a thermosetting dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) matrix using frontal polymerization (FP). The reaction-diffusion model is then solved using the finite element method to investigate the evolution of the temperature and degree of cure during the fabrication process. The results reveal two different processing regimes: At lower fiber volume fractions, the polymerization front speed increases with the fiber volume fraction due to the increase in the effective thermal conductivity of the composite. At higher fiber volume fractions, the front velocity decreases with increasing fiber content due to the reduced heat source generated by the exothermic reaction. The 1-D simulations are complemented with 2-D studies that include heat losses to the surroundings. The model predictions are validated with experiments conducted on carbon/DCPD composite panels manufactured through frontal polymerization.

Published
2020
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