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Abstract Background Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as an essential bedside tool for clinicians, but lack of access to ultrasound equipment has been a top barrier to POCUS use. Recently, several handheld ultrasound devices (“handhelds”) have become available, and clinicians are seeking data to guide purchasing decisions. Few comparative studies of different handhelds have been done. We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing 6 handhelds readily available in the United States (Butterfly iQ + ™ by Butterfly Network Inc.; Clarius™ by Clarius Mobile Health; Kosmos™ by EchoNous; TE Air™ by Mindray; Vscan Air™ SL and CL by General Electric; and Lumify™ by Philips Healthcare). A multi-specialty group of physician POCUS experts (n = 35) acquired three standard ultrasound views (abdominal right upper quadrant, cardiac apical 4-chamber, and superficial neck and lung views) in random order on the same standardized patients and rated the image quality. Afterward, a final survey of the overall ease of use, image quality, and satisfaction of each handheld was completed. Results Thirty-five POCUS experts specializing in internal medicine/hospital medicine, critical care, emergency medicine, and nephrology acquired and rated right upper quadrant, apical 4-chamber, and superficial neck and lung views with 6 different handhelds. For image quality, the highest-rated handhelds were Vscan Air™ for the right upper quadrant view, Mindray TE Air™ for the cardiac apical 4-chamber view, and Lumify™ for superficial views of the neck and lung. Overall satisfaction with image quality was highest with Vscan Air™, Lumify™, and Mindray, while overall satisfaction with ease of use was highest with Vscan Air™. The 5 most desirable characteristics of handhelds were image quality, ease of use, portability, probe size, and battery life. Ultimately, all 6 handhelds had notable advantages and disadvantages, with no single device having all desired qualities or features. Conclusions The overall satisfaction with image quality was rated highest with Vscan Air™, Lumify™, and Mindray TE Air™when acquiring right upper quadrant, apical 4-chamber, and superficial neck and lung views. No single handheld was perceived to be superior in image quality for all views. Vscan Air™ was rated highest for overall ease of use and was the most preferred handheld for purchase by POCUS experts.

Introduction: The most crucial abilities for a Paediatric Dentist involve evaluating and managing children based on their behaviour. Children are often motivated to choose coloured restorative materials. They tend to hold their new fillings in high regard and are usually fascinated by the new materials in their oral cavity. Consequently, they are more likely to maintain the restoration, which greatly enhances their overall oral hygiene and fosters a favourable attitude towards therapy. Aim: To evaluate the behaviour of children and their acceptance of multicoloured and conventional composite materials: A randomised controlled trial. Materials and Methods: A split-mouth, single-blinded, randomised clinical study was conducted on 25 patients with Class I occlusal caries at the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital (GDCH), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, from July 2023 to January 2024. Healthy children aged between 5 and 10 years, who were visiting the dentist for the first time, were selected from the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry. The chidren were divided in two groups-group 1, 13 (52%) children with blue coloured composite restorations and group 2, 12 (48%) chidren who received conventional composite restorations. Behaviour was assessed using the modified behaviour rating scale before and after treatment. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 with the Wilcoxon’s Signed-rank Test. Results: Among total of 25 children, 14 (56%) were males and 11 (44%) were females with a mean age of 8.47±1.59 years. There was a significant improvement in the behaviour of children after treatment with blue coloured compomer (p-value

Abstract Objectives Indonesia’s location at the convergence of multiple tectonic plates results in a unique geomorphological feature with abundant hot springs. This study pioneers the metagenomic exploration of Indonesian hot springs, harbouring unique life forms despite high temperatures. The microbial community of hot springs is taxonomically versatile and biotechnologically valuable. 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing of the metagenome is a viable option for the microbiome investigation. This study utilized Oxford Nanopore’s long-read 16 S rRNA sequencing for enhanced species identification, improved detection of rare members, and a more detailed community composition profile. Data description Water samples were taken from three hot springs of the Bali, Indonesia (i) Angseri, 8.362503 S, 115.133452 E; (ii) Banjar, 8.210270 S, 114.967063 E; and (iii) Batur, 8.228806 S, 115.404829 E. BioLit Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (SRL, Mumbai, India) was used to isolate DNA from water samples. The quantity and quality of the DNA were determined using a NanoDrop™ spectrophotometer and a Qubit fluorometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The library was created using Oxford Nanopore Technology kits, and the sequencing was done using Oxford Nanopore’s GridION platform. All sequencing data was obtained in FASTQ files and filtered using NanoFilt software. This dataset is valuable for searching novel bacteria diversity and their existence.

Abstract Background Rare disorders comprise of ~ 7500 different conditions affecting multiple systems. Diagnosis of rare diseases is complex due to dearth of specialized medical professionals, testing labs and limited therapeutic options. There is scarcity of data on the prevalence of rare diseases in different populations. India being home to a large population comprising of 4600 population groups, of which several thousand are endogamous, is likely to have a high burden of rare diseases. The present study provides a retrospective overview of a cohort of patients with rare genetic diseases identified at a tertiary genetic test centre in India. Results Overall, 3294 patients with 305 rare diseases were identified in the present study cohort. These were categorized into 14 disease groups based on the major organ/ organ system affected. Highest number of rare diseases (D = 149/305, 48.9%) were identified in the neuromuscular and neurodevelopmental (NMND) group followed by inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) (D = 47/305; 15.4%). Majority patients in the present cohort (N = 1992, 61%) were diagnosed under IEM group, of which Gaucher disease constituted maximum cases (N = 224, 11.2%). Under the NMND group, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (N = 291/885, 32.9%), trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders (N = 242/885; 27.3%) and spinal muscular atrophy (N = 141/885, 15.9%) were the most common. Majority cases of β-thalassemia (N = 120/149, 80.5%) and cystic fibrosis (N = 74/75, 98.7%) under the haematological and pulmonary groups were observed, respectively. Founder variants were identified for Tay-Sachs disease and mucopolysaccharidosis IVA diseases. Recurrent variants for Gaucher disease (GBA:c.1448T > C), β-thalassemia (HBB:c.92.+5G > C), non-syndromic hearing loss (GJB2:c.71G > A), albinism (TYR:c.832 C > T), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CYP21A2:c.29–13 C > G) and progressive pseudo rheumatoid dysplasia (CCN6:c.298T > A) were observed in the present study. Conclusion The present retrospective study of rare disease patients diagnosed at a tertiary genetic test centre provides first insight into the distribution of rare genetic diseases across the country. This information will likely aid in drafting future health policies, including newborn screening programs, development of target specific panel for affordable diagnosis of rare diseases and eventually build a platform for devising novel treatment strategies for rare diseases.

Abstract The purpose of this study was biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Cissus woodrowii (CW-AgNPs) and exploration of their role in inhibition cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. Inhibitory effect of biogenic CW-AgNPs on cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic cell death was demonstrated by caspase-3 assay, DNA fragmentation assay, Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining assay and cell cycle arrest assay by flow cytometry. Expression of apoptosis-related genes including caspase-3, p53 and Bcl2 was studied by western blot analysis and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results of UV–Vis spectrum of colloidal solution of CW-AgNPs showed surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm. TEM and XRD results confirmed spherical shaped, 20–30 nm sized nanoparticles. Cell proliferation results showed inhibitory effects of CW-AgNPs on MCF-7 with IC50 (24 h) 8.48 µg/mL and (48 h) 7.11 µg/mL. The CW-AgNPs altered cell morphology of MCF-7 cells and induced apoptosis significantly which was evidenced through caspase-3 activation and nuclear DNA fragmentation. The results were supported by the observation of Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining and cell cycle arrest assays. The up-regulated expression of both p53 and caspase-3 genes and down-regulation of Bcl2 at both protein and mRNA level supported their role in induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in response to CW-AgNPs. The findings obtained in current study supported the role of biogenic CW-AgNPs in inhibition of cell proliferation in breast cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. Graphical Abstract

Background: The supracondylar process of the humerus, also referred to as the supra-epitrochlear process or supracondylar spur, is a bony protrusion resembling a beak that emerges from the anteromedial surface. It signifies the residual remains of a complete osseous bridge observed in climbing animals. The process is a rare anatomical variation connected inferiorly to the medial epicondyle of the humerus by the ligament of Struthers. Typically presenting unilaterally and located 5-7 cm superior to the medial epicondyle, the supracondylar process holds clinical importance due to its passage it forms with the humerus and the ligament of Struthers. This passage accommodates the median nerve and brachial artery, which may become compressed, leading to neurovascular impingement. The associated symptoms of this compression are exacerbated during hyperextension or pronation of the elbow. Methods: A total of 83 dried humeri were examined at the Department of Anatomy, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India. The distal parts of the humeri were assessed for any bony protrusions under daylight conditions. Upon discovery, their dimensions were documented and captured in photographs. Results: Among the 83 dried humeri scrutinized, only one right-sided humerus exhibited an osseous spine on the anteromedial surface. The incidence calculated in this investigation was 1.2%. Conclusion: The supracondylar process has garnered greater attention from anatomists and anthropologists due to its possible implications for the origins and relationships of human races, rather than from clinicians, many of whom are unaware of its infrequent occurrence. The present study, focusing on the Indian population in Goa, reports an incidence of 1.2%, which is relatively high compared to other Indian studies. This data highlights the diversity in the occurrence of the supracondylar process across different ethnic and regional groups, suggesting possible genetic and environmental factors influencing its prevalence.

Abstract Background POCUS training courses are effective at improving knowledge and skills, but few studies have followed learners longitudinally post-course to understand facilitators, barriers, and changes in POCUS use in clinical practice. We conducted a prospective observational study of physicians who attended 11 standardized POCUS training courses between 2017 and 2019 in Japan. Physicians who attended a standardized POCUS course were surveyed about their current frequency of POCUS use of the heart, lung, abdomen, and lower extremity veins, and perceived barriers and facilitators to POCUS use in clinical practice. Results Data were analyzed from 112 completed surveys (response rate = 20%). A majority of responding physicians were faculty (77%) in internal medicine (69%) affiliated with community hospitals (55%). The mean delay between course attendance and survey response was 50.3 months. A significant increase in POCUS use from 4 years after attending a POCUS training course. In addition to improving access to ultrasound machines and training opportunities, a supportive local clinical environment, including colleagues to share experiences in learning POCUS and local experts to supervise scanning, is important to foster ongoing POCUS practice and implementation into clinical practice.

Abstract Red blood cells (RBCs) express the nucleic acid-binding toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and bind CpG-containing DNA. However, whether human RBCs express other nucleic acid-binding TLRs is unknown. Here we show that human RBCs express the RNA sensor TLR7. TLR7 is present on the red cell membrane and is associated with the RBC membrane protein Band 3. In patients with SARS-CoV2-associated sepsis, TLR7-Band 3 interactions in the RBC membrane are increased when compared with healthy controls. In vitro, RBCs bind synthetic ssRNA and RNA from ssRNA viruses. Thus, RBCs may serve as a previously unrecognized sink for exogenous RNA, expanding the repertoire of non-gas exchanging functions performed by RBCs.

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a dermatosis that manifests as asymptomatic and symmetrical darkening, affecting the skin of intertriginous areas. It is a marker of insulin resistance and is usually associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). The present study was conducted to study the morphological patterns of AN and to assess its correlation with different components of MS. Methodology: Using the purposive sampling technique (1-year period), 100 patients fulfilling the case definition of AN were enrolled based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history and a cutaneous examination (color, texture, and sites of AN) were done. Anthropometric measurements and scoring of the AN were done. Investigations were reviewed. Data were recorded, and MS was diagnosed using the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Panel III criteria. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 13 software. Results: The mean age was 36.9 ± 10.1 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.38. The mean duration of AN was 18.8 ± 12.5 months. Seventy percent of cases had involvement of two or more sites. MS was present in 55% of cases of AN. Gender, duration of AN, site of AN, neck and axilla severity, and total cholesterol were not statistically significantly associated with MS (P > 0.05). Its association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, and high triglyceride was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). A low high-density lipoprotein level was found to be highly significant (P < 0.01). On applying the Chi-square test, all five parameters of MS had a significant association with AN. Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between AN and MS is important, as patients with AN are at risk for all the components of MS individually and collectively.

IntroductionSpinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by abnormal CAG repeat expansion in the PPP2R2B gene. This disease is classically characterized by action tremor, dysarthria, ataxia, and hyperreflexia. There are limited reports regarding the non-motor symptoms in patients with SCA 12. We investigated the frequency and factors associated with the selected non-motor symptoms in patients with SCA 12.MethodsGenetically diagnosed (CAG repeats > 43) and symptomatic cases of SCA 12 were included in the study. Motor severity was assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS). Non-motor symptoms such as depression, autonomic function, and cognition were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic Dysfunction (SCOPA-AUT), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), respectively.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort with 34 SCA12 patients was 64.87 years (standard deviation 6.844). In this study, 21 patients (61.76%) had either mild or moderate cognitive impairment, almost equally frequent in early and advanced cases. Similarly a number of patients demonstrated evidence of moderate and severe depression. The SARA score was strongly associated with the MoCA score, and CAG repeat length could independently predict the MoCA score in this cohort. Autonomic symptoms were commonly present, with the majority of the patients experiencing urinary symptoms.DiscussionNon-motor symptoms are common in SCA12 patients, even in the early stages of the condition. Timely detection and treatment of these symptoms may improve the therapeutic outcome and quality of life for SCA12 patients. The diverse symptoms of SCA12 perhaps indicate a widespread neurodegeneration beyond the cerebellum or its direct connections.

Notalgia paresthetica (NP) is a sensory neuropathy characterized by chronic pruritus, skin pain, and other pathologic sensations affecting the mid-to-upper back. NP may be under-recognized and under-diagnosed, with limited data available on its symptom presentation and treatment patterns. NP-DERM was an internet-based survey of dermatologists (n = 650) from 8 different countries on their perspectives on NP symptoms and current treatment practices. Dermatologists typically treated a median of 12 patients with NP per month. Dermatologists reported that itch (pruritus) was the most common symptom for their patients with NP, followed by hyperpigmentation and sensitive skin. The most burdensome NP symptom was pruritus, followed by burning or hot sensation, and painful or raw skin. The most prescribed treatments included non-medicated skin care, topical corticosteroids, oral antihistamines, medicated topicals, and gabapentin or pregabalin. Physicians reported low satisfaction with available treatments. The most common reason for physicians to discontinue patients’ therapy was lack of response.

Summary: Background: It is unknown if early COVID-19 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy can reduce risk of Long COVID. The mAbs amubarvimab/romlusevimab were previously demonstrated to reduce risk of hospitalization/death by 79%. This study assessed the impact of amubarvimab/romlusevimab on late outcomes, including Long COVID. Methods: Non-hospitalized high-risk adults within 10 days of COVID-19 symptom onset enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial of amubarvimab/romlusevimab for COVID-19 treatment. Late symptoms, assessed using a participant-completed symptom diary, were a pre-specified exploratory endpoint. The primary outcome for this analysis was the composite of Long COVID by participant self-report (presence of COVID-19 symptoms as recorded in the diary at week 36) or hospitalization or death by week 36. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to address incomplete outcome ascertainment, giving weighted risk ratios (wRR) comparing amubarvimab/romlusevimab to placebo. Findings: Participants received amubarvimab/romlusevimab (n = 390) or placebo (n = 390) between January and July 2021. Median age was 49 years, 52% were female, 18% Black/African American, 49% Hispanic/Latino, and 9% COVID-19-vaccinated at entry. At week 36, 103 (13%) had incomplete outcome ascertainment, and 66 (17%) on amubarvimab/romlusevimab and 92 (24%) on placebo met the primary outcome (wRR = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.93). The difference was driven by fewer hospitalizations/deaths with amubarvimab/romlusevimab (4%) than placebo (13%). Among 652 participants with available diary responses, 53 (16%) on amubarvimab/romlusevimab and 44 (14%) on placebo reported presence of Long COVID. Interpretation: Amubarvimab/romlusevimab treatment, while highly effective in preventing hospitalizations/deaths, did not reduce risk of Long COVID. Additional interventions are needed to prevent Long COVID. Funding: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. Amubarvimab and romlusevimab supplied by Brii Biosciences.

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is one of the most prevalent types of carcinoma and the leading cause of death among all carcinomas. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been reported as a risk factor for breast carcinoma. Vitamin D, as an anticarcinoma agent, prevents cellular differentiation, stimulates cell death, reduces angiogenesis, tumour progression, and metastasis. Aim: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted at the Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India, between November 2018 and October 2020. A total of 57 cases diagnosed with breast carcinoma and 57 healthy controls were analysed. Physical and reproductive health parameters were compared, along with vitamin D status using student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of breast carcinoma. Results: Out of 114 women, 57 were cases and 57 were controls with a mean age of 52 vs 48 years. The mean value of serum vitamin D levels was significantly lower (19.45 vs 27.91 ng/mL, p

Abstract The human spleen contracts in response to stress‐induced catecholamine secretion, resulting in a temporary rise in haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]). Recent findings highlighted enhanced splenic response to exercise at high altitude in Sherpa, possibly due to a blunted splenic response to hypoxia. To explore the potential blunted splenic contraction in Sherpas at high altitude, we examined changes in spleen volume during hyperoxic breathing, comparing acclimatized Sherpa with acclimatized individuals of lowland ancestry. Our study included 14 non‐Sherpa (7 female) residing at altitude for a mean continuous duration of 3 months and 46 Sherpa (24 female) with an average of 4 years altitude exposure. Participants underwent a hyperoxic breathing test at altitude (4300 m; barrometric pressure = ∼430 torr; PO2 = ∼90 torr). Throughout the test, we measured spleen volume using ultrasonography and monitored oxygen saturation (SpO2). During rest, Sherpa exhibited larger spleens (226 ± 70 mL) compared to non‐Sherpa (165 ± 34 mL; P

Abstract Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can assist rheumatologists in monitoring disease activity, establishing diagnoses, and guiding procedural interventions. POCUS use has been increasing, but little is known about current use and barriers among rheumatologists. The purpose of this study was to characterize current POCUS use, training needs, and barriers to use among rheumatologists in practice. Methods A prospective observational study of all Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers was conducted using a web-based survey sent to all chiefs of staff and rheumatology chiefs about current POCUS use, training needs, barriers, and policies. Results All chiefs of staff (n = 130) and rheumatology chiefs at VA medical centers (n = 95) were surveyed with 100% and 84% response rates, respectively. The most common diagnostic POCUS applications were evaluation of synovitis, joint effusion, tendinopathies, bursitis, and rotator cuff. The most common procedural applications were arthrocentesis and joint, bursa, and tendon injection. Most rheumatology chiefs (69%) expressed interest in training for their group. The most common barriers to POCUS use were lack of trained providers (68%), funding for training (54%), training opportunities (38%), funding for travel (38%), and ultrasound equipment (31%). Lack of POCUS infrastructure was common, and few facilities had POCUS policies (20%), image archiving (25%), or quality assurance processes (6%). Conclusion Currently, half of rheumatology groups use diagnostic and procedural ultrasound applications. Most rheumatology groups desire training, and lack of training and equipment were the most common barriers to ultrasound use. Deliberate investment is needed in ultrasound training and infrastructure for systematic adoption of POCUS in rheumatology. Graphical Abstract available for this article. Trial Registration NCT03296280. Graphical Abstract

During the COVID-19 outbreak, a large population was exposed to social media. Since it was a new virus and no specific information was available about its dynamics, therefore people were dependent on social media to gather more and more information. Social media has its pros and cons, which have an impact on the life of human beings which was more in the case of COVID-19 due to restricted interaction during the period of pandemic. In this article, the effects of social media on the mental health of people have been investigated with the help of Holling type II and Monod Haldane rates in the form of incidence and treatment rates, respectively. The model exhibits two types of equilibria: disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium (EE), which has been confirmed by the Fractional Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Further stability behavior has been also analyzed under certain sufficient conditions that depend on threshold R0, a Basic Reproduction number, which is determined by the next generation approach. The findings indicate that the fractional order has a considerable influence on the dynamic process. The difference between fractional and integer order derivatives is illustrated by the memory effect. Finally, numerical simulations have been performed to validate our analytical findings and to examine the effect of various parameters on the dynamics of social media on mental health.

Infeksi cacing yang disebabkan oleh soil-transmitted helminths (STH) terjadi hampir di seluruh dunia, terutama di negara-negara yang beriklim tropis. Indonesia secara prevalensi menempati peringkat ketiga dalam kasus infeksi cacing yang mayoritas menjangkiti anak usia sekolah di wilayah pesisir pantai. Kegiatan ini dilakukan kepada siswa SD IT Al Marhamah Kampung Dalam di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dengan memberikan edukasi tentang pencegahan infeksi soil transmitted helminth (STH) menggunakan media board game. Kegiatan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa mengenai infeksi soil transmitted helminth berikut pencegahannya. Metode kegiatan ini menggunakan pendekatan Deskriptif Observasional dengan sasaran meliputi siswa kelas 3 – 6 SD IT Al Marhamah. Kegiatan dilakukan pada tanggal 11 Februari 2023 di SD IT Al Marhamah Padang Pariaman dengan media board game untuk edukasi infeksi cacing pada anak sekolah. Kegiatan terdiri dari perizinan, pelaksanaan pengabdian, dan evaluasi. Total terdapat 94 orang siswa SD IT Al Marhamah Padang Pariaman yang ikut serta dalam kegiatan pengabdian. Secara distribusi, terdapat jumlah laki-laki 39 orang dan perempuan sebanyak 55 orang. Sebelum kegiatan penyuluhan dilakukan pretest. Kemudian dilakukan edukasi dan dilanjutkan post-test untuk menilai tingkat pengetahuan siswa terhadap infeksi STH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Disimpulkan bahwa hasil akhir kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan tingkat pengetahuan siswa SD IT Al Marhamah mengenai infeksi soil transmitted helminth setelah diberikan penyuluhan menggunakan metode board game menunjukkan intervensi berhasil. Pihak siswa yang ikut dalam kegiatan puas terhadap kegiatan penyuluhan tersebut dan memberikan respon yang positif.

Abstract: SMSE Profit Maximization Based on Pricing Strategy Perspective Purpose: this study aims to maximize SMSE profits analyzed by pricing strategy perspective. Method: qualitative descriptive methods with case study approaches. Results: business owner needs to set different profits between manufactured and merchandise goods in order to maximize their profit. However, there are several additional scenarios for MSME to carry out better profit planning. Novelty: the study presents a profit planning based on pricing strategy approach which is expected to help MSME maximize the profits they will earn. Contribution: to help MSMEs to achieve profit maximization so that MSMEs can continue to do business and expand. Abstrak: Maksimalisasi Laba UMKM Berdasarkan Perspektif Pricing Strategy Tujuan: menggambarkan strategi penetapan harga jual dan perencanaan laba pada tingkat harga yang berbeda. Metode: metode analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan cost-plus pricing dan cost-volume-profit sebagai alat ukurnya. Hasil: berdasarkan struktur biaya pada periode ini, harga jual yang paling ideal adalah harga jual yang menetapkan laba sebesar 25% dan 15%. Di samping itu, perencanaan laba UMKM berada pada kondisi yang baik. Kebaruan: : penelitian menyajikan hasil analisis penetapan harga jual dan perencanaan laba yang dapat membantu UMKM dalam menyusun strategi. Kontribusi: membantu UMKM dalam penyusunan strategi terkait harga jual dan perencanaan laba.

Abstract Social media impacts people’s wellbeing in different ways, but relatively little is known about why this is the case. Here we introduce the construct of “social media sensitivity” to understand how social media and wellbeing associations differ across people and the contexts in which these platforms are used. In a month-long large-scale intensive longitudinal study (total n = 1632; total number of observations = 120,599), we examined for whom and under which circumstances social media was associated with positive and negative changes in social and affective wellbeing. Applying a combination of frequentist and Bayesian multilevel models, we found a small negative average association between social media use AND subsequent wellbeing, but the associations were heterogenous across people. People with psychologically vulnerable dispositions (e.g., those who were depressed, lonely, not satisfied with life) tended to experience heightened negative social media sensitivity in comparison to people who were not psychologically vulnerable. People also experienced heightened negative social media sensitivity when in certain types of places (e.g., in social places, in nature) and while around certain types of people (e.g., around family members, close ties), as compared to using social media in other contexts. Our results suggest that an understanding of the effects of social media on wellbeing should account for the psychological dispositions of social media users, and the physical and social contexts surrounding their use. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of social media sensitivity for scholars, policymakers, and those in the technology industry.

Background: In recent years, biosynthesized nanoparticles has shown a promise as alternative avenue for improving the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy. Despite, there is a significant gap in existing literature concerning the comprehensive study of biogenic silver nanoparticles derived from terrestrial fern species and their potential effects on cancer cells. This study is aiming to investigate effects of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of bracken fern Pteridium revolutum on inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in HCT-15 cells. Methods: Biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of Pteridum revolutum followed by their characterization (UV–Visible spectroscopy, TEM, XRD and FTIR). The impact on cell proliferation of HCT-15 cells was assessed by MTT assay while induction of apoptosis was demonstrated via DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 assay, cell cycle arrest, FITC V- Annexin assay and evaluation of expression of apoptotic genes using real time PCR and western blotting techniques. Results: Results of UV–Vis spectrum of colloidal solution of CW-AgNPs showed surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm. TEM and XRD results confirmed synthesis of spherical shaped, 20–40 nm sized nanoparticles. The results elucidate cytotoxic effect of PR-AgNPs against HCT-15 cells in time and dose dependent manner with IC50 observed at 5.79 ± 0.58 µg /mL after 24 h of exposure. Furthermore, PR-AgNPs induce significant alterations in cellular morphology, elevate DNA DNA fragmentation and enhance expression of p53 and caspase-3 in HCT10 cells. Conclusion: The findings from this study address the noteworthy antiproliferative effects of PR-AgNPs in cancer cells primarily mediated through activation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway by inducing p53 and caspase-3 genes.

Although Port Site Hernia (PSH) is a rare complication after laparoscopic surgery, with an incidence of 0.65-2.8%, it can be deadly due to the inherent risk of bowel strangulation. Various factors like trocar size, design, improper closure of the defect, and postoperative infection may cause PSH, and symptoms might occur immediately within 10 days or up to 18 months of the primary procedure. A Computed Tomography (CT) scan is a helpful adjuvant in the diagnosis and evaluation of PSH. Deformities larger than 5 mm require surgical intervention in all age groups. Early cases of suspected gangrene necessitate immediate surgical intervention. In advanced situations, anatomical repair by suture or mesh repair by open or laparoscopic method is preferred for lesions larger than 5 mm.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a prevalent cause of mortality worldwide, and the traditional cardiovascular disease diagnosis has relied heavily on stethoscope-based heart sound auscultations. Hence, the development of medical systems has led to several machine learning (ML)-related studies for analysing heart sounds using phonocardiograms (PCGs). Although this process enables the detection of additional mechanical activity information about the heart muscle, various crucial gaps (background noise, unbalanced datasets, and irrelevant extracted features) are still observed. Therefore, this review examined the advancements in diagnosing heart sounds using ML-based PCG signal analysis. The evaluation process involved three datasets in the past five years (2019–2024): the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology (CinC) Challenge (2016–2022) and the Yaseen Khan 2018 datasets. This review also comprehensively explained the importance of heart sounds in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Moreover, these studies demonstrated an overview of the most effective methods in handling datasets, pre-processing of PCG signals (filtering, segmentation, and normalisation), PCG signal processing techniques (feature extraction and feature selection), and machine learning models (classification). Several directions concerning heart sound diagnosis for future studies are then presented, which can serve as a reference point for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases.

Context: In wound management, traditional use of plants has received attention by the scientific community, as traditional medicines are a valuable source of affordable, comprehensive medical care. Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) and Nigella sativa Linn (Black cumin) are well-known versatile medicinal plants with wide spectrum of biological activity. Methods: This study was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing activity of neem oil (NO) and black cumin oil (BCO) in rats. The oils were standardized using standard procedures. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis and high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting of oils were carried out to identify major phytoconstituents present in the oils. The oils were suitably incorporated in carbopol-based emulgel formulation, evaluated for physicochemical parameters and stability. Results: The wound healing potential assessed by the measurement of wound contraction and histopathology studies in excision and burn wound models, demonstrated comparable efficacy with standard nano-crystalline silver gel (0.002% w/w). This may be attributed to the presence of phytoconstituents such as nimbidin and thymoquinone present in selected oils. Polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of BCO may be responsible for stimulating the release of vascular endothelial growth factor, which plays a significant role in accelerating wound healing process. Conclusion: Topical carbopol-934 base emulgel containing natural oils such as BCO and NO have been successfully prepared for wound management. However, further studies to establish the mechanistic aspects of wound healing needs to be undertaken.

Background: An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined as a harmful or unpleasant reaction due to the use of a drug and may cause different types of effects, such as side effects. The World Health Organization states that adverse drug effects are a response to harmful and unintended medicine and occur at doses normally used in men for the prevention, diagnosis, or therapy of disease or for modifying physiological function. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was ADR monitoring of commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Rama Hospital and the Research Center Mandhana Kanpur. Data were collected from the patients attending the outpatient and inpatient departments (OPD and IPD) of the medicine departments during the study period at Rama Hospital Mandhana, Kanpur. The sample size was a total of 60 patients. The study duration was conducted for 1 year. Data were collected by analyzing OPDs and IPDs in the Department of Medicine. Results: There are different types of adverse drug effects; we observed only three types of adverse drug effects in this study. The most commonly observed ADR was type A (56.66%). Out of the total ADRs reported in antimicrobial agents, skin ADRs (42.02%) and gastrointestinal tract ADRs (57.97%) are higher. There are also three different types of severity conditions observed in patients prescribed antimicrobial drugs; among them, the most commonly observed severity conditions were mild (58.33%). Conclusion: These study findings suggest that antimicrobial drugs are generally safe for most patients but can cause mild ADRs. It is important to monitor patients for ADRs while taking antimicrobial drugs and to provide appropriate treatment if necessary. Pharmacovigilance programs can help to identify and monitor ADRs, which can lead to improved patient safety.

Background: Eosinophils are inflammatory cells that can infiltrate several organs playing a major role in causing tissue damage and organ dysfunction. This study was conducted to establish the baseline eosinophil count in normal states and to correlate mucosal eosinophil count with abnormalities of the oesophagus and stomach. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the surgical pathology department of a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. A total of 124 biopsies were studied. Oesophageal and stomach biopsies with some pathology including oesophagitis, gastritis, ulcer, nonspecific inflammation, etc, were considered abnormal. Results: Out of 124 biopsies, 36 (29.03%) were normal, while 88 (70.97%) were abnormal. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease had male predilection. In abnormal oesophageal biopsies, 16 (88.9%) of 18 oesophageal biopsies had an eosinophil count in the 0-5 eos/HPF band, whereas 50 (71.4%) of 70 abnormal stomach biopsies had eosinophils in the 0-5 eos/HPF band. The eosinophil count reported was 24/HPF in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Conclusions: Almost all normal oesophageal biopsies (90.9%) and stomach biopsies (100%) showed eosinophil count as 0 eos/HPF and

Smart growth (SG) is a set of policies and regulations implemented to mitigate the expansion of urban sprawl. SG is a planning approach that prioritizes creating compact, mixed-use, and high-density urban areas to foster sustainable regional development. Nevertheless, it is important to note that both theoretically and practically SG is still undergoing refinement to ensure its suitability and applicability within the context of land control regulations in each location. The Bodetabek region in Indonesia is seeing rapid growth. Nevertheless, amidst this exponential expansion, the extent to which the local government has embraced SG concepts in its regional development remains uncertain. The primary aim of this study is to assess the extent to which SG concepts have been implemented in the domain of urban planning within the Bodetabek region. The methods of this paper are divided into several stages. Firstly, an examination is conducted to determine the extent to which SG concepts have been incorporated into the planning policy of the Bodetabek area. Subsequently, an assessment is made of the urban sprawl that has occurred in the Bodetabek area for 20 years. Lastly, an analysis is performed to investigate the pattern of urban expansion in the Bodetabek. The findings in this research show that the SG idea has been implemented in the Bodetabek region. The correlation between the proportion of SG content in Bodetabek local laws and land cover changes is evident. There is an inverse relationship between the proportion of SG content in local legislation and the extent of urban development in the Bodetabek area. Naturally, these findings provide preliminary evidence or indicators that can serve as a reminder of the potential of SG to curb urban sprawl, effectively aligning with established theoretical frameworks.

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the saliva of dogs and cats. Despite the frequency of animal bites, infection with Capnocytophaga species is rare, and severe infections are usually associated with underlying risk factors, such as alcohol use disorder, asplenia, or immunosuppression. We describe a case of a man who presented with a purpuric rash, lower extremity edema, and acute renal failure and was found to have tricuspid valve endocarditis and infection-associated glomerulonephritis due to C. canimorsus. Despite treatment with cefepime, the vegetation increased in size and valvular function worsened. He was readmitted with an inferior wall myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pulmonary embolism. He underwent an urgent tricuspid valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve. A 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing performed on the resected valve tissue verified involvement of C. canimorsus. Post-operatively, he had several episodes of gastrointestinal hemorrhage requiring multiple endoscopic interventions and arterial embolization. The recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage combined with his severe functional decline ultimately led to his death. This patient had an uncommon presentation with leukocytoclastic vasculitis and infection-associated glomerulonephritis, which revealed an underlying diagnosis of infective endocarditis due to C. canimorsus, a rare gram-negative bacterial etiology of infective endocarditis.

The rising demand for point of care ultrasound (POCUS) instruction during fellowship has been limited due to a shortage of trained faculty and courses designed specifically for . A hands-on POCUS was organized during the April 2023 National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Spring Clinical Meeting to address this challenge. The course consisted of lectures and a 4-hour hands-on workshop guided by multidisciplinary POCUS experts. The anonymous post-course survey received responses from 25 out of 39 participants, yielding a 64.1% response rate. On a scale of 0-10, confidence levels for acquiring kidney images rose from 2.6 + 2.3 (mean + SD) to 7.8 + 1.5 post-workshop (p

Background Pyroptosis executor GsdmD (gasdermin D) promotes atherosclerosis in mice and humans. Disulfiram was recently shown to potently inhibit GsdmD, but the in vivo efficacy and mechanism of disulfiram's antiatherosclerotic activity is yet to be explored. Methods and Results We used human/mouse macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells and a hyperlipidemic mouse model of atherosclerosis to determine disulfiram antiatherosclerotic efficacy and mechanism. The effects of disulfiram on several atheroprotective pathways such as autophagy, efferocytosis, phagocytosis, and gut microbiota were determined. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the effects of disulfiram on the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane of macrophages. Disulfiram‐fed hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E−/− mice showed significantly reduced interleukin‐1β release upon in vivo Nlrp3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation. Disulfiram‐fed mice showed smaller atherosclerotic lesions (~27% and 29% reduction in males and females, respectively) and necrotic core areas (~50% and 46% reduction in males and females, respectively). Disulfiram induced autophagy in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes/liver, and atherosclerotic plaques. Disulfiram modulated other atheroprotective pathways (eg, efferocytosis, phagocytosis) and gut microbiota. Disulfiram‐treated macrophages showed enhanced phagocytosis/efferocytosis, with the mechanism being a marked increase in cell‐surface expression of efferocytic receptor MerTK. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed altered biophysical properties of disulfiram‐treated macrophages, showing increased order‐state of plasma membrane and increased adhesion strength. Furthermore, 16sRNA sequencing of disulfiram‐fed hyperlipidemic mice showed highly significant enrichment in atheroprotective gut microbiota Akkermansia and a reduction in atherogenic Romboutsia species. Conclusions Taken together, our data show that disulfiram can simultaneously modulate several atheroprotective pathways in a GsdmD‐dependent as well as GsdmD‐independent manner.

BackgroundDigital phenotyping has seen a broad increase in application across clinical research; however, little research has implemented passive assessment approaches for suicide risk detection. There is a significant potential for a novel form of digital phenotyping, termed screenomics, which captures smartphone activity via screenshots. ObjectiveThis paper focuses on a comprehensive case review of 2 participants who reported past 1-month active suicidal ideation, detailing their passive (ie, obtained via screenomics screenshot capture) and active (ie, obtained via ecological momentary assessment [EMA]) risk profiles that culminated in suicidal crises and subsequent psychiatric hospitalizations. Through this analysis, we shed light on the timescale of risk processes as they unfold before hospitalization, as well as introduce the novel application of screenomics within the field of suicide research. MethodsTo underscore the potential benefits of screenomics in comprehending suicide risk, the analysis concentrates on a specific type of data gleaned from screenshots—text—captured prior to hospitalization, alongside self-reported EMA responses. Following a comprehensive baseline assessment, participants completed an intensive time sampling period. During this period, screenshots were collected every 5 seconds while one’s phone was in use for 35 days, and EMA data were collected 6 times a day for 28 days. In our analysis, we focus on the following: suicide-related content (obtained via screenshots and EMA), risk factors theoretically and empirically relevant to suicide risk (obtained via screenshots and EMA), and social content (obtained via screenshots). ResultsOur analysis revealed several key findings. First, there was a notable decrease in EMA compliance during suicidal crises, with both participants completing fewer EMAs in the days prior to hospitalization. This contrasted with an overall increase in phone usage leading up to hospitalization, which was particularly marked by heightened social use. Screenomics also captured prominent precipitating factors in each instance of suicidal crisis that were not well detected via self-report, specifically physical pain and loneliness. ConclusionsOur preliminary findings underscore the potential of passively collected data in understanding and predicting suicidal crises. The vast number of screenshots from each participant offers a granular look into their daily digital interactions, shedding light on novel risks not captured via self-report alone. When combined with EMA assessments, screenomics provides a more comprehensive view of an individual’s psychological processes in the time leading up to a suicidal crisis.

Stressors from everyday life, along with those from work and academic environment, may compromise the mental health and well-being of allied health professionals. With this study, we tried to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with burnout and depression among students of Bachelor of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy in Delhi NCR region. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 197 students pursuing a Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT) and Occupational Therapy (BOT) in Delhi, NCR region. Data collection was online, using Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess burnout and depression, respectively, along with basic socio-demographic information. Data analysis was carried out on Stata 15.1. Prevalence was estimated, and factors associated with Burnout and depression were explored using Linear and logistic regression models, respectively. Among 197 participants, the majority were females and the mean age was 22 years. The prevalence of burnout and depression was 79.7% (95% CI: 73.4, 84.7) and 66.5% (95% CI: 59.6, 72.7), respectively. Some factors, like experiencing symptoms of physical exhaustion and satisfaction with academic support from faculty at college, were associated with both burnout and depression separately. The prevalence of burnout and depression among BPT/BOT students in Delhi, NCR, was alarming yet comparable to other health professionals in India and globally. The study provides a narrative of these issues along with associated factors identified among the study population. A need for a longitudinal study to establish a causal association of factors with burnout and depression among this study population is iterated.

Many discussions about the Right to Food (RTF) and international trade have concluded that international trade has always aided in realizing the RTF. This is reflected in the FAO’s 2004 Right to food Guidelines. It emphasized the importance of international trade in promoting global economic growth and food security, as well as the commitment of states under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture to avoid market restrictions and distortions. The narrative has shifted with the advent of the Russian-Ukraine War. Ukraine and Russia supplied a quarter of the world’s grain before the war. Russia’s blockade of Ukraine’s Black Sea ports has prevented the country from realizing its export potential, contributing to a global food crisis, raising food prices, and putting pressure on global trading systems. Despite sanctions that further restricted international trade, Russia remained defiant until the Black Sea Grain Initiative emerged. This article examined the inter-legal links between the RTF and other fundamental rights, making it indispensable in international trade, humanitarian, and maritime law. The doctrinal legal research method is adopted to analyze the legal position and propositions underlying this topic in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war. The author finds that the state’s duty to respect, protect, and fulfil the RTF is a powerful tool for ensuring international peace and economic order. The work further draws on the Black Sea Grain Initiative to demonstrate that global trade can be preserved and revitalized by promoting the RTF. In conclusion, the article suggests improving and expanding this initiative while submitting that despite being viewed as a partial solution to risks posed by the war, the humanitarian agreement has provided eternal hope of encouraging states to explore diplomatic channels towards future crises, given their commitment to protecting the RTF and freedom from hunger.

Nanotechnology holds significance in all fields of research, and the formation and surface alterations of nanomaterials are particularly important in this discipline. Nanoformulations synthesized with bioactive plant components play a crucial role in the improvement of several therapeutics and diagnostics. In the present study, we reported the synthesis of a curcumin nanoformulation (CN) by using curcumin and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS). The synthesized CN was characterized using dynamic light scattering, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, it was evaluated for solubility, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, stability, in vitro release, and anticancer potentials. The role of TPGS in the synthesis of CN was validated. The synthesized CN exhibited a size of 6.2±1.9 nm, needle-shaped morphology, a polydispersity index of 0.164, and zeta potential of −10.1±3.21 mV, as determined by characterization techniques. Its water solubility was 2.5 × 10 4 times higher than that of pure curcumin. The encapsulation efficiency and curcumin loading efficiency of the synthesized CN were found to be 80 and 10%, respectively, with storage stability exceeding 30 days. Moreover, the synthesized CN demonstrated significant in vitro anticancer activity against the colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116, with an IC50 value of 12.74±0.54 μM at 24 h.

Abstract Background Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can aid geriatricians in caring for complex, older patients. Currently, there is limited literature on POCUS use by geriatricians. We conducted a national survey to assess current POCUS use, training desired, and barriers among Geriatrics and Extended Care (“geriatric”) clinics at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs). Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of all VAMCs between August 2019 and March 2020 using a web-based survey sent to all VAMC Chiefs of Staff and Chiefs of geriatric clinics. Results All Chiefs of Staff (n=130) completed the survey (100% response rate). Chiefs of geriatric clinics (“chiefs”) at 76 VAMCs were surveyed and 52 completed the survey (68% response rate). Geriatric clinics were located throughout the United States, mostly at high-complexity, urban VAMCs. Only 15% of chiefs responded that there was some POCUS usage in their geriatric clinic, but more than 60% of chiefs would support the implementation of POCUS use. The most common POCUS applications used in geriatric clinics were the evaluation of the bladder and urinary obstruction. Barriers to POCUS use included a lack of trained providers (56%), ultrasound equipment (50%), and funding for training (35%). Additionally, chiefs reported time utilization, clinical indications, and low patient census as barriers. Conclusions POCUS has several potential applications for clinicians caring for geriatric patients. Though only 15% of geriatric clinics at VAMCs currently use POCUS, most geriatric chiefs would support implementing POCUS use as a diagnostic tool. The greatest barriers to POCUS implementation in geriatric clinics were a lack of training and ultrasound equipment. Addressing these barriers systematically can facilitate implementation of POCUS use into practice and permit assessment of the impact of POCUS on geriatric care in the future.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global health and economies. This study aims to identify highly effective prevention strategies for mitigating the spread of COVID-19 using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method. The FAHP is a fuzzy logic-based extension of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, allowing for the consideration of both tangible and intangible criteria. The study focuses on seven key criteria: social/physical measures, health monitoring, avoidance of unnecessary contact, hygiene practices, immunity/fitness, healthy diet, and sharing personal items. By involving three decision-makers, including a nurse, a Medical Officer (MO), and a Medical Assistant (MA), the relative weights of these criteria are calculated using pair-wise comparisons and Buckley's approach. The findings reveal that hygiene emerges as the most critical factor in preventing the spread of COVID-19, followed by social/physical measures and health monitoring. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals in selecting and implementing effective preventive measures to control the spread of COVID-19.

This study aimed to experimentally investigate the compressive strength and air voids of cement pastes with varying dosages of Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) and water-to-cement (w/c) ratios. Cement pastes were prepared using three different w/c ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, along with different dosages of SAP ranging from 0.2% to 0.5% by weight of cement. Additionally, SAP was introduced in two forms: dry and wet. After casting the cubes, two distinct curing conditions were employed: curing at a temperature of 20 °C with a Relative Humidity (RH) of 60% (Curing 1), and water curing (Curing 2). The results revealed that the addition of SAP increased early strength when subjected to Curing 1, followed by a decrease in later strength. On the other hand, samples with SAP and water curing exhibited higher strength compared to those without SAP, especially with w/c ratios of 0.4 and 0.5. However, at a w/c ratio of 0.6, nearly all samples showed a reduction in strength compared to those without SAP. Furthermore, air void analysis was performed on all samples cured for 28 days using an image analysis technique. The samples containing wet SAP resulted in a higher total air content compared to the samples with dry SAP. Additionally, the incorporation of wet SAP in cement paste led to lower specific surface areas and a higher spacing factor than the samples with dry SAP. These findings suggest that the clumping of wet SAP particles during presoaking resulted in coarser air voids compared to the samples containing dry SAP.

This study aims to understand the water retention capabilities of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) in different alkaline environments for internal curing and to assess their impact on the rheological properties of cement paste. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the absorption capacities of two different sizes of polyacrylic-based Superabsorbent Polymers : SAP A, with an average size of 28 µm, and SAP B, with an average size of 80 µm, in various solutions, such as pH 7, pH 11, pH 13, and cement filtrate solution (pH 13.73). Additionally, the study investigates the rheological properties of SAP-modified cement pastes, considering three different water-to-cement (w/c) ratios (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) and four different dosages of SAPs (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% by weight of cement). The results showed that the absorption capacity of SAP A was higher in all solutions compared to SAP B. However, both SAPs exhibited lower absorption capacity and early desorption in the cement filtrate solution. In contrast to the absorption results in pH 13 and cement filtrate solutions, the rheological properties, including plastic viscosity and yield stress, of the cement paste with a w/c ratio of 0.4 and 0.5, as well as both dry and wet (presoaked) SAPs, were higher than those of the cement paste without SAP, indicating continuous absorption by SAP. The viscosity and yield stress increased over time with increasing SAP dosage. However, in the mixes with a w/c ratio of 0.6, the values of plastic viscosity and yield stress were initially lower for the mixes with dry SAPs compared to the reference mix. Additionally, cement pastes containing wet SAP showed higher viscosity and yield stress compared to the pastes containing dry SAP.

The aimof this study is to analyze the influence of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Human Development Index (IPM), and Population on the poverty level in East Java from 2017 to 2020.”This research applies two analytical techniques, namely descriptive analysis and regression panel data. Descriptive analysis techniques are applied to describe data in detail through the use of graphs or tables. On the other hand, panel data regression analysis provides an explanation of the relationship between units and time, and is a combination of data from various groups and certain time periods.“The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics.”The“data consists of cross-sectional data covering 38 Regencies/Cities in East Java Province, as well as time-series data covering the period 2017-2020.”In conclusion, from the analysis performed, the most optimal regression model is“the Random Effect Model (REM) or Generalized Least Square”(GLS), by calculating individual effects and time effects. The research results obtained are“GRDP and HDI have a significant negative effect on the poverty level,”then there is a positive“significant effect between population size and poverty level.”Overall, GRDP, HDI, and Population simultaneously influence fluctuations in the poverty rate by 60.90%

Introduction: Blood transfusion is an effective treatment for saving millions of lives, even though transfusion-transmissible infections are a major problem. An integrated approach for blood safety is required, which includes the collection of blood only from voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors. Aim: To assess the seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) among blood donors in a tertiary care center in Nadiad, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from August 2019 to September 2022 at the blood bank of a tertiary care center in Nadiad, India. Data were collected in an Excel datasheet pertaining to all donors who were screened for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria and analysed. The associations between categorical variables were tested using the Chi-square test. Results: A total of 6103 voluntary and replacement donors were screened, out of which 5855 (95.93%) were males and 248 (4.06%) were females. The prevalence rate was highest for syphilis 81 (1.32%), then Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) 32 (0.52%), HCV 09 (0.14%), HIV 05 (0.08%), and malaria 00 (0%) in decreasing order. Out of 6103 donors, 127 donors showed seropositivity for TTI (2.08%). The present study shows seropositivity for TTI only in male replacement donors (100%). Conclusion: Blood is still one of the main sources of transmission of infections such as HIV, HBsAg, HCV, syphilis, and malaria. The present study showed a higher prevalence of syphilis than HBsAg, HCV, HIV, and malaria, in decreasing order. The study showed seroprevalence only in male replacement donors, so efforts to motivate and ensure the active participation of voluntary blood donors, including females, are needed. Meticulous donor screening, the use of highly sensitive techniques for the detection of TTIs, and improved post-donation counseling are highly recommended to ensure the safety of blood for recipients.

Multi-step stock index forecasting is vital in finance for informed decision-making. Current forecasting methods for this task frequently produce unsatisfactory results due to the inherent randomness and instability of the data, thereby underscoring the demand for advanced forecasting models. Given the superiority of the capsule network (CapsNet) over CNNs in various forecasting and classification tasks, this study investigates the potential of integrating a 1D CapsNet with an LSTM network for multi-step stock index forecasting. To this end, a hybrid 1D-CapsNet-LSTM model is introduced, which utilizes a 1D CapsNet to generate high-level capsules from sequential data and an LSTM network to capture temporal dependencies. To maintain stochastic dependencies over different forecasting horizons, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) strategy is employed. The model's performance is evaluated on real-world stock market indices, including S&P 500, DJIA, IXIC, and NYSE, and compared to baseline models, including LSTM, RNN, and CNN-LSTM, using metrics such as RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and TIC. The proposed 1D-CapsNet-LSTM model consistently outperforms the baseline models in two key aspects. It shows notable reductions in forecasting errors when compared to the baseline models. Additionally, it displays a slower rate of error escalation as forecast horizons lengthen, suggesting enhanced robustness for multi-step forecasting tasks.

Interpreting the neural response elicited during task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) remains a challenge in neurodevelopmental research. The monetary incentive delay (MID) task is an fMRI reward processing task that is extensively used in the literature. However, modern psychometric tools have not been used to evaluate measurement properties of the MID task fMRI data. The current study uses data for a similar task design across three adolescent samples (N = 346 [Agemean 12.0; 44 % Female]; N = 97 [19.3; 58 %]; N = 112 [20.2; 38 %]) to evaluate multiple measurement properties of fMRI responses on the MID task. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is used to evaluate an a priori theoretical model for the task and its measurement invariance across three samples. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to identify the data-driven measurement structure across the samples. CFA results suggest that the a priori model is a poor representation of these MID task fMRI data. Across the samples, the data-driven EFA models consistently identify a six-to-seven factor structure with run and bilateral brain region factors. This factor structure is moderately-to-highly congruent across the samples. Altogether, these findings demonstrate a need to evaluate theoretical frameworks for popular fMRI task designs to improve our understanding and interpretation of brain-behavior associations.

Abstract Background and Objective: Black grass jelly served in sweet syrup is one of the Chinese and East and Southeast Asian traditional beverages. An innovative enrichment can make it a better functional food. This study innovatively enriched the black-jelly food with formulas of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8, honey, D-allulose and mangosteen pericarp extract. The probiotic viability, antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential were investigated as well. Material and Methods: Ready-to-drink functional beverages included mangosteen pericarp extract varied in concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg ml-1, D-allulose in honey and encapsulated probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 in black grass jelly containing konjac and carrageenan. The probiotic viability, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic potential were the selective parameters for the functional beverage formulas. The viability of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 was assessed using total plate count method. Antioxidant activity was assessed based on the reaction of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging. Hypoglycemic potential was investigated by counting petite yeast cells after treating with black grass jelly formulas. Significant differences were reported using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test. Statistically significance included p-values≤0.05. Results and Conclusion: The probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 encapsulated in black grass jelly survived well in the honey, D-allulose and mangosteen pericarp extract formulated beverages. Honey supported the probiotic viability better, producing further antioxidants and high potentials in hypoglycemia than that those of other formulas did. Mangosteen pericarp extract enriched the functionality of the black grass jelly probiotic beverages. However, further studies are needed to assess favorability and stability of this functional food. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases emerged in Wuhan, China, eventually linked to the discovery of a novel coronavirus. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. This declaration triggered anxiety, fear, and depression among many people. However, the lack of knowledge and the spread of rumours about this new virus also gave rise to social stigma. Frontline healthcare workers, individuals who contracted and recovered from COVID-19, as well as migrants, were particularly affected by this social stigma. Many of them experienced heightened levels of anxiety, fear, and guilt as a result. These feelings often led to symptoms of burnout and depression, and in some extreme cases, even suicidal attempts. In this article, we delve into the various dimensions of social stigma that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic in India as well as worldwide. Conclusion: Societies that faced stigmatization were more vulnerable and had a greater risk of COVID-19 infection. Social stigma has detrimental effects on both mental and physical health, particularly affecting younger individuals, which could potentially hinder the productivity and economic growth of future generations and the nation as a whole. Providing support, be it social, financial, or mental, to one another, plays a critical role in mitigating stigma. To fully grasp the enduring consequences of social stigma on mental health, future studies should investigate this aspect using prospective research designs.

The sequencing of information in media can influence processing of content via mechanisms like framing, mood management, and emotion regulation. This study examined three kinds of media sequences on smartphones: (1) balancing positive and negative emotional content; (2) balancing emotional content with informational content; and (3) balancing time spent on and off the media device. Actual media use was measured in natural settings using the Screenomics framework which gathers screenshots from smartphones every 5 s when devices are on. Time-series analyses of 223,531 smartphone sessions recorded from 94 participants showed that emotionally positive content was more likely to follow negative content, and that emotionally negative content was more likely to follow positive content; emotional content was more likely to follow informational content, and informational content was more likely to follow emotional content; and longer smartphone sessions were more likely to follow longer periods of non-use.

Kesulitan mempelajari dan memahami materi mata kuliah metode numerik sangat mempengaruhi hasil belajar mahasiswa prodi pendidikan matematika angkatan 2020, banyaknya buku metode numerik membuat mahasiswa kesulitan mempelajari dan menyesuaikan penjelasan dosen, sehingga mahasiswa membutuhkan buku ajar sesuai dengan susunan materi perkuliahan Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur keefektifan buku ajar metode numerik yang telah dikembangkan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest – posttest, populasi seluruh mahasiswa program studi pendidikan matematika IAIN Palopo Angkatan 2020 yang terdiri dari dua kelas. Kelas A terpilih sebagai sampel penelitian melalui teknik cluster random sampling berjumlah 20 Orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui pretest dan posttest, kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan analisis nilai n gain. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai n gain sebesar 0,76 berada pada kategori tinggi dan jika dipresentasikan sebesar 76% masuk kategori efektif. Berdasarkan data, buku ajar metode numerik berbantuan microsoft excel efektif dijadikan panduan dalam proses perkuliahan metode numerik.

This study aimed to investigate teachers' perceptions about the need to develop critical thinking tests. The research method used quantitative descriptive. Research involved 20 biology teachers who taught at the senior high school in Riau. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire accompanied by a discussion with the teacher. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the teacher's knowledge of critical thinking, the availability of critical thinking instruments, and their implementation in learning. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative descriptive. The results of the study show that the teachers’ knowledge of critical thinking is developing. The teacher also explained that it is crucial for students to have critical thinking skills so that measurements need to be taken. The availability of instruments to measure critical thinking when viewed from the percentage of teachers who provide them is 70%. In its implementation, the teacher makes critical thinking questions sourced from the question bank, articles, and books. The questions prepared by the teacher are also able to measure critical thinking even though they do not yet cover all aspects of critical thinking. Based on the research results, it can be recommended that the development of critical thinking tests can be carried out by the aspects of critical thinking (basic clarification, bases for a decision, inference, advanced clarification, supposition and integration, and strategies and tactics) and in line with the material being studied at school.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplor pengaruh antara konsep diri dengan kecerdasan kognitif dalam konteks matematika siswa SMA. Prestasi matematika merupakan faktor penting untuk keberhasilan di berbagai bidang akademik dan profesional, sehingga penting untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan siswa dalam mata pelajaran ini. Penelitian ini akan mengadopsi pendekatan mixed method, menggabungkan pengumpulan data kuantitatif melalui tes standar dan kuesioner, dan wawasan kualitatif yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan siswa dan guru. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA Negeri kelas X se-Kota Palopo sebanyak 1.715 orang, Teknik Proporsional random sampling untuk memastikan keterwakilan yang komprehensif dan validitas temuan yaitu 183 orang. Analisis kuantitatif akan fokus pada eksplorasi pengaruh antara konsep diri (yaitu, persepsi siswa terhadap kemampuan matematika mereka) dan kecerdasan kognitif (keterampilan pemecahan masalah trigonometri). Fase kualitatif akan memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang mekanisme yang mendasari konsep diri yang memengaruhi kecerdasan kognitif. Wawancara dengan siswa untuk mengungkap konsep diri mereka dan, selanjutnya, level kecerdasan kognitifnya. Hasil temuan menunjukkan konsep diri siswa SMA dalam pembelajaran matematika rata-ratanya berada pada kategori sedang, siswa SMA sudah mampu menilai dirinya pada kemampuannya dalam matematika sehingga membentuk prilaku, moral dan etika sesuai kehendaknya. Kecerdasan kognitif matematika rata-ratanya adalah 73,85 berada pada kategori tinggi, tingkatan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah trigonometri masih berada pada tingkatan C3 (mengaplikasi). Uji hipotesis menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan konsep diri terhadap kecerdasan kognitif, dengan besar pengaruhnya 6,5%. Pada akhirnya, memberdayakan siswa dengan konsep diri yang kuat dalam matematika dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri, motivasi, dan prestasi dalam mata pelajaran lain dan membuka jalan bagi kesuksesan mereka di masa depan. Kata Kunci: , ,

Summary: Background: With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants resistant to monoclonal antibody therapies and limited global access to therapeutics, the evaluation of novel therapeutics to prevent progression to severe COVID-19 remains a critical need. Methods: Safety, clinical and antiviral efficacy of inhaled interferon-β1a (SNG001) were evaluated in a phase II randomized controlled trial on the ACTIV-2/A5401 platform (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04518410). Adult outpatients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 10 days of symptom onset were randomized and initiated either orally inhaled nebulized SNG001 given once daily for 14 days (n = 110) or blinded pooled placebo (n = 110) between February 10 and August 18, 2021. Findings: The proportion of participants reporting premature treatment discontinuation was 9% among SNG001 and 13% among placebo participants. There were no differences between participants who received SNG001 or placebo in the primary outcomes of treatment emergent Grade 3 or higher adverse events (3.6% and 8.2%, respectively), time to symptom improvement (median 13 and 9 days, respectively), or proportion with unquantifiable nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA at days 3 (28% [26/93] vs. 39% [37/94], respectively), 7 (65% [60/93] vs. 66% [62/94]) and 14 (91% [86/95] vs. 91% [83/81]). There were fewer hospitalizations with SNG001 (n = 1; 1%) compared with placebo (n = 7; 6%), representing an 86% relative risk reduction (p = 0.07). There were no deaths in either arm. Interpretation: In this trial, SNG001 was safe and associated with a non-statistically significant decrease in hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia. Funding: The ACTIV-2 platform study is funded by the NIH. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UM1 AI068634, UM1 AI068636 and UM1 AI106701. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Background: Early life adversity and psychiatric disorders are associated with earlier declines in neurocognitive abilities during adulthood. These declines may be preceded by changes in biological aging, specifically epigenetic age acceleration, providing an opportunity to uncover genome-wide biomarkers that identify individuals most likely to benefit from early screening and prevention. Methods: Five unique epigenetic age acceleration clocks derived from peripheral blood were examined in relation to latent variables of general and speeded cognitive abilities across two independent cohorts: 1) the Female Growth and Development Study (FGDS; n = 86), a 30-year prospective cohort study of substantiated child sexual abuse and non-abused controls, and 2) the Biological Classification of Mental Disorders study (BeCOME; n = 313), an adult community cohort established based on psychiatric disorders. Results: A faster pace of biological aging (DunedinPoAm) was associated with lower general cognitive abilities in both cohorts and slower speeded abilities in the BeCOME cohort. Acceleration in the Horvath clock was significantly associated with slower speeded abilities in the BeCOME cohort but not the FGDS. Acceleration in the Hannum clock and the GrimAge clock were not significantly associated with either cognitive ability. Accelerated PhenoAge was associated with slower speeded abilities in the FGDS but not the BeCOME cohort. Conclusions: The present results suggest that epigenetic age acceleration has the potential to serve as a biomarker for neurocognitive decline in adults with a history of early life adversity or psychiatric disorders. Estimates of epigenetic aging may identify adults at risk of cognitive decline that could benefit from early neurocognitive screening.

We expand the usually cross-sectional perspective on dual-tasking performance to include both intra- and interpersonal variability, which should capture within-person dynamics and psychological processes better. Two simple tasks, first as single-, then as dual-tasks, were performed by 58 participants over 20 sessions. We found positive relationships between (1) single- and dual-tasking performance and (2) the dual-task component tasks both inter- and intrapersonally. Better single-taskers were better dual-taskers and better single-tasking sessions were better dual-tasking sessions. This implies shared capacities that covary both inter- and intraindividually. We conclude that taking intra- and interpersonal variability into account is a promising future perspective.