32 results on '"Nilsen, Morten"'
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2. Effectiveness of using STOPP/START criteria to identify potentially inappropriate medication in people aged ≥ 65 years with chronic kidney disease: a randomized clinical trial
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Parker, Krystina, Bull-Engelstad, Ingrid, Benth, Jūratė Šaltytė, Aasebø, Willy, von der Lippe, Nanna, Reier-Nilsen, Morten, Os, Ingrid, and Stavem, Knut
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- 2019
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3. Gut bacteria at 6 months of age are associated with immune cell status in 1‐year‐old children
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Nilsen, Morten, primary, Nygaard, Unni Cecilie, additional, Brodin, Petter, additional, Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup, additional, Fredheim, Cecilie, additional, Haugen, Guttorm, additional, Hedlin, Gunilla, additional, Jonassen, Christine Monceyron, additional, Jonsmoen, Unni Lise Albertsdottir, additional, Lakshmikanth, Tadepally, additional, Nordlund, Björn, additional, Olin, Axel, additional, Rehbinder, Eva Maria, additional, Skjerven, Håvard O., additional, Snipen, Lars, additional, Staff, Anne Cathrine, additional, Söderhäll, Cilla, additional, Vettukattil, Riyas, additional, and Rudi, Knut, additional
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- 2023
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4. Treatment of overweight and obesity in general practice: a cluster randomised trial
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Nilsen, Morten Dag, primary, Mdala, Ibrahimu, additional, and Werner, Erik L, additional
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- 2023
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5. Gut bacteria at 6 months of age are associated with immune cell status in 1‐year‐old children.
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Nilsen, Morten, Nygaard, Unni Cecilie, Brodin, Petter, Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup, Fredheim, Cecilie, Haugen, Guttorm, Hedlin, Gunilla, Jonassen, Christine Monceyron, Jonsmoen, Unni Lise Albertsdottir, Lakshmikanth, Tadepally, Nordlund, Björn, Olin, Axel, Rehbinder, Eva Maria, Skjerven, Håvard O., Snipen, Lars, Staff, Anne Cathrine, Söderhäll, Cilla, Vettukattil, Riyas, and Rudi, Knut
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IMMUNITY , *SHORT-chain fatty acids , *BACTEROIDES fragilis , *GUT microbiome , *BIFIDOBACTERIUM longum , *BACTERIA - Abstract
Age‐related gut bacterial changes during infancy have been widely studied, but it remains still unknown how these changes are associated with immune cell composition. This study's aim was to explore if the temporal development of gut bacteria during infancy prospectively affects immune cell composition. Faecal bacteria and short‐chain fatty acids were analysed from 67 PreventADALL study participants at four timepoints (birth to 12 months) using reduced metagenome sequencing and gas chromatography. Immune cell frequencies were assessed using mass cytometry in whole blood samples at 12 months. The infants clustered into four groups based on immune cell composition: clusters 1 and 2 showed a high relative abundance of naïve cells, cluster 3 exhibited increased abundance of classical‐ and non‐classical monocytes and clusters 3 and 4 had elevated neutrophil levels. At all age groups, we did observe significant associations between the gut microbiota and immune cell clusters; however, these were generally from low abundant species. Only at 6 months of age we observed significant associations between abundant (>8%) species and immune cell clusters. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Porphyromonadaceae are associated with cluster 1, while Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium longum are associated with clusters 3 and 4 respectively. These species have been linked to T‐cell polarization and maturation. No significant correlations were found between short‐chain fatty acids and immune cell composition. Our findings suggest that abundant gut bacteria at 6 months may influence immune cell frequencies at 12 months, highlighting the potential role of gut microbiota in shaping later immune cell composition. Our manuscript's main contribution to the field is the novel finding of associations between gut bacteria at different age categories to immune cell composition at 1 year, which supports the notion that gut microbiota composition affects immune cell development during the first year of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. A Globally Distributed Bacteroides caccae Strain Is the Most Prevalent Mother-Child Shared Bacteroidaceae Strain in a Large Scandinavian Cohort
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Nilsen, Morten, primary, Rehbinder, Eva Maria, additional, Lødrup Carlsen, Karin C., additional, Haugen, Guttorm, additional, Hedlin, Gunilla, additional, Jonassen, Christine Monceyron, additional, Killingstad, Madeleine-Emilie, additional, Nordlund, Björn, additional, Ormaasen, Ida, additional, Skjerven, Håvard O., additional, Snipen, Lars, additional, Staff, Anne Cathrine, additional, Söderhäll, Cilla, additional, Sørensen, Regina, additional, Vettukattil, Riyas, additional, Wilborn, Lene Marie, additional, and Rudi, Knut, additional
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- 2023
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7. Bruk av kunstig intelligens ved MR-undersøkelser av lumbalcolumna – en litteraturstudie
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Nilsen, Morten
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Introduction The use of artificial intelligence (AI) within radiology has been an area of research since the late 1980s but in recent years the development has really started to take great leaps forward, especially within the more advanced imaging modalities such as CT and MRI. MRI of the lower back is a common routine examination, but can be time consuming for the radiologist to report due to large amounts of data presented. The aim of this review is to assess the current status for the use of AI in segmentation of anatomical structures in the low back, its use in diagnosis of spinal stenosis and finally the use of AI for certain assignments for the workflow regarding MRI-examinations of the low back. Material and methods This study is a systematic literature review. The search was done in Pubmed, Medline, Embase and Epistemonikos and based on the keywords: artificial intelligence, medical imaging, lumbosacral region and spinal stenosis. Results Based on 4781 references we identified 20 articles relevant for our review. The included studies reported how AI can be used for segmentation of anatomical structures such as discs, neural foramina and vertebrae. The studies also investigated how AI preformed when diagnosing spinal stenosis, both affecting the central canal and neural foramina. Finally, three studies investigated AI and effect on workflow of MRI examinations of the low back. Conclusion The included studies reported that AI can be used for segmentation of normal anatomy in the low back, assist in the diagnosis of spinal stenosis and aid in evaluating the justification of referrals for MRIs of the low back. The AI would often fail with segmentation with the presence of normal anatomical variants or with more complex anatomical structures. Additionally, the AI systems are typically designed for identifying one specific structure or pathology finding. More research needs to address these issues before AI can be fully integrated into clinical radiology diagnosis of spinal stenosis.
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- 2023
8. Predicting the Macroeconomic Effects of Reducing Petroleum Activity in Norway: A Scenario Evaluation Approach
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Tavanger, Martin Armand and Nilsen, Morten
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applied economics - Abstract
Masteroppgave (MSc) in Master of Science in Applied Economics - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2022 In the late nineteen sixties Norway discovered large oil and gas reserves on the continental shelf. This changed the economy profoundly and Norway quickly became a resource-exporting economy. Today, around fifty years after the discovery, the Norwegian petroleum sector employs roughly two hundred thousand workers and is the largest sector in terms of value creation, investment, and governmental and export revenues (Regjeringen, 2021). Moreover, its value chain reaches deep into the Norwegian economy. The offshore industry predictably relies on industrial equipment and on shipping services to sustain production, but services from lawyers, accountants, cleaners, and food caterers are also crucial to ensure well-functioning operations on the continental shelf. High demand for services from direct suppliers like these sets off a chain reaction, as these suppliers will in turn demand more from their own suppliers and thereby engender repercussions throughout the whole economy. Hernes et al. (2021) estimated that the Norwegian offshore industry and its value chain generated a value equivalent to six hundred billion NOK in 2019, which is the largest contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and accounts for as much as 17 percent. Besides the industry sector, they find strong ripple effects from the offshore industry within legal, engineering, financial, and transport services. In 2019, tax income from the extraction of fossil fuels comprised 20 percent of the Norwegian government’s annual revenue, meaning shelf operations are a crucial component for ensuring the welfare for the Norwegian population (p. 12-13).
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- 2022
9. Fecal Microbiota Nutrient Utilization Potential Suggests Mucins as Drivers for Initial Gut Colonization of Mother-Child-Shared Bacteria
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Nilsen, Morten, primary, Lokmic, Asima, additional, Angell, Inga Leena, additional, Lødrup Carlsen, Karin C., additional, Carlsen, Kai-Håkon, additional, Haugen, Guttorm, additional, Hedlin, Gunilla, additional, Jonassen, Christine Monceyron, additional, Marsland, Benjamin J., additional, Nordlund, Björn, additional, Rehbinder, Eva Maria, additional, Saunders, Carina Madelen, additional, Skjerven, Håvard O., additional, Snipen, Lars, additional, Staff, Anne Cathrine, additional, Söderhäll, Cilla, additional, Vettukattil, Riyas, additional, and Rudi, Knut, additional
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- 2021
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10. Butyrate Levels in the Transition from an Infant- to an Adult-Like Gut Microbiota Correlate with Bacterial Networks Associated with Eubacterium Rectale and Ruminococcus Gnavus
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Nilsen, Morten, primary, Madelen Saunders, Carina, additional, Leena Angell, Inga, additional, Arntzen, Magnus Ø., additional, Lødrup Carlsen, Karin C., additional, Carlsen, Kai-Håkon, additional, Haugen, Guttorm, additional, Heldal Hagen, Live, additional, Carlsen, Monica H., additional, Hedlin, Gunilla, additional, Monceyron Jonassen, Christine, additional, Nordlund, Björn, additional, Maria Rehbinder, Eva, additional, Skjerven, Håvard O., additional, Snipen, Lars, additional, Cathrine Staff, Anne, additional, Vettukattil, Riyas, additional, and Rudi, Knut, additional
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- 2020
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11. De novo species identification using 16S rRNA gene nanopore sequencing
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Angell, Inga Leena, primary, Nilsen, Morten, additional, Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup, additional, Carlsen, Kai-Håkon, additional, Hedlin, Gunilla, additional, Jonassen, Christine M., additional, Marsland, Benjamin, additional, Nordlund, Björn, additional, Rehbinder, Eva Maria, additional, Saunders, Carina, additional, Skjerven, Håvard Ove, additional, Staff, Anne Cathrine, additional, Söderhäll, Cilla, additional, Vettukattil, Riyas, additional, and Rudi, Knut, additional
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- 2020
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12. Medication regimen complexity and medication adherence in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease
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Parker, Krystina, Bull-Engelstad, Ingrid, Aasebø, Willy, Von der Lippe, Nanna, Reier-Nilsen, Morten, Os, Ingrid, and Stavem, Knut
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Introduction: Elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 with or without dialysis treatment usually have concomitant comorbidities, which often result in multiple pharmacological therapies. This study aimed to identify factors associated with medication complexity and medication adherence, as well as the association between medication complexity and medication adherence, in elderly patients with CKD. Methods: This prospective study involved elderly patients with CKD stage 5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate
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- 2019
13. Gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) composition the first year of life
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Nilsen, Morten and Rudi, Knut
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Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Generell mikrobiologi: 472 [VDP] ,SCFA ,Infant Development - Abstract
The mutualistic relationship between humans and our gut microbiota is essential in immune development. The microbial colonization of the human GI tract starts prenatal and continues with facultative and strict anaerobes as we age, due to gut environmental changes and diet. The bacteria in the gut microbiota utilize indigestible sugars and synthesize health-beneficial substrates, such as the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are organic acids which act as a link between the gut microbiota and the maturation of our immune system. To investigate SCFAs’ effect on our health, analysis of aging children might be key to prevent immunological disorders developing early life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the microbial composition, short chain fatty acids composition and how these correlates in children their first year of life. Fecal samples from 100 mothers and their children were received from the cohort study Prevent Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies (PreventADALL). The longitudinal sampling of children represented newborns, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of age. The gut microbiota composition was determined by sequencing, while SCFAs composition was detected by gas chromatography. The majority of the microbial composition as the children aged corresponded with earlier studies. The SCFAs composition changed significantly as the child aged in correlation with the microbial shifts observed. Both microbial and SCFAs composition of the children increased in similarity to their mothers as they aged. Clostridium represented 66% of the gut microbiota at the age of 12-months with a positive correlation to butyrate. The increased proportion of propionate in the same age group was positively correlated to Bacteroidales. These positive correlations strengthen recent knowledge of these bacteria being important SCFA producers in the gut microbiota. Between 6 and 12 months, the shift from an infant- to an adult-like gut microbiota and SCFAs composition might be initiated and influenced by weaning and introduction to solid foods. In conclusion, this work lays the foundation for further research investigating the immunological effects of SCFAs. Det mutualistiske forholdet mellom mennesker og vår tarmmikrobiota er essensielt for immunutvikling. Den mikrobielle koloniseringen av menneskets mage-tarmkanal starter prenatal og fortsetter med fakultative og strikt anaerober som et resultat av forandringer i tarmmiljøet og diett. Bakteriene i tarmmikrobiotaen bryter ned ufordøyde sukkermolekyler og syntetiserer helsefremmende substrater, som kortkjedete fettsyrer. Kortkjedete fettsyrer er organiske syrer som virker som et bindeledd mellom tarmmikrobiotaen og utviklingen av vårt eget immunforsvar. For å videre undersøke kortkjedete fettsyrers effekt på vår helse, kan analyser av barn under oppvekst være en nøkkel for å forhindre utvikling av autoimmune sykdommer tidlig i livet. Målet for denne studien er å analysere den mikrobielle sammensetningen, kortkjedete fettsyre sammensetningen og hvordan disse korrelerer i barn under oppvekst. Avføringsprøver fra 100 mødre og deres barn ble mottatt fra kohort studien Prevent Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies (PreventADALL). Den langsgående prøvetakingen av barn representerte nyfødte, 3 måneder, 6 måneder og 12 måneder gamle. Tarmmikrobiota sammensetningen ble fastslått ved hjelp av sekvensering, mens den kortkjedete fettsyresammensetningen ble funnet ved hjelp av gass kromatografi. Majoriteten av den mikrobielle sammensetningen under oppvekst korresponderte med tidligere studier. Den kortkjedete fettsyre profilen viste signifikante forandringer i korrelasjon med de mikrobielle skiftene observert. Både mikrobiell og kortkjedet fettsyre sammensetning av barna økte i likhet til deres mødre under oppveksten. Clostridium representerte 66% av tarmmikrobiotaen til barna når de var 12-måneder gamle og var positivt korrelert til butyrat. Den økte proporsjonen av propionat i 12 måneders gruppen var positivt korrelert til Bacteroidales. Disse positive korrelasjonene styrker nylig kunnskap om at disse bakteriene er viktige kortkjedete fettsyre produsenter i tarmmikrobiotaen. Mellom 6 og 12 måneder kan forandringen fra barne- til voksenliknende mikrobiota og kortkjedete fettsyre sammensetning bli initiert og påvirket av brystmelk avvenning og introduksjon til fast føde. Dette arbeidet legger til grunne for videre forskning for å bedre forstå de kortkjedete fettsyrenes immunologiske effekt under barnets oppvekst. M-BIOTEK
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- 2018
14. Effekter av myndighetstiltak på arbeidsmiljø og helse: en systematisk kunnskapsoppsummering
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Johannessen, Håkon A., Løchting, Ida, Bakke, Berit, Nilsen, Morten Birkeland, Skyberg, Knut, and Mehlum, Ingrid Sivesind
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- 2017
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15. Klarere språk i Fredrikstad og Sarpsborg
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Nilsen, Morten, Trømborg, Ingrid, Nilsen, Morten, and Trømborg, Ingrid
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Kommunene Fredrikstad og Sarpsborg har jobbet med språket i brev som sendes ut fra oppvekstseksjonene i de to kommunene. Resultatet er fornøyde brukergrupper og færre henvendelser fra forvirrede mottakere. Denne suksessen skyldes godt samarbeid, bred forankring og at fag- og språkekspertise ble kombinert på en god måte i skrivearbeidet. SummaryThe municipalities of Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg have improved the wording of letters in the field of childhood and youth services. As a result, citizens are less confused, ask fewer questions and are happier with the municipalities’ services. This success is due to good co-operation, well-designed working groups combining both subject-matter and language experts, and the fact that the plain language work has a good foundation across the whole organisation.
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- 2016
16. Offroad rollerski: product development
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Nilsen, Morten and Berndtsson, Kjetil
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produktutvikling ,rulleski ,produktdesign ,Technology: 500::Industrial and product design: 640 [VDP] - Abstract
NORSK: Bachelor oppgaven ble valgt høsten 2012. Østlandske Lettmetall AS ønsket hjelp med utvikling og produksjon av en ny type rulleski. Prosjektet virket spennende og utfordrende og ga oss muligheten til å utnytte kunnskap vi har opparbeidet oss gjennom bacheloren. Ideen bak den nye rulleskien er basert på at den også skal kunne brukes på ujevnt underlag. Dette setter krav til utviklingen av skien. Østlandske Lettmetall ønsket å utnytte deres støpekompetanse til å støpe store deler av skien i én aluminiumskomponent. Oppgaven vår har dermed vært knyttet til utviklingsprosessen og utfordringene innenfor utvikling, design, materialteknologi, støping og maskinering for å oppfylle rulleskiens offroad-kriterier. Vi imøtekom deres ønske om en helstøpt aluminiumskomponent, hvor skien er konstruert slik at hovedbjelken og hjulinnfestningen er integrert i én og samme del. For å beskytte mot søle og sprut fra hjulene har vi valgt å ha skjermer på skiene. Både forskjermen og bakskjermen er integrert i skien. Løsningen for ujevnt underlag er en kombinasjon av relativt store luftfylte hjul og god bakkeklaring. ENGLISH: The topic for the bachelor thesis was chosen in the fall, 2012. Our employer, Østlandske Lettmetall AS, wanted help with the development and production of a new type rollerski. We chose this project because it allowed us to utilize the knowledge and technical skills we developed during the course of our bachelor degree. The idea behind this new type of rollerski is that it can be used in uneven terrains. Østlandske Lettmetall AS sought to take advantage of their casting expertise by casting the main component and the skies in aluminium. Our tasks have been associated with the development process and the challenges in design, material technology, casting and machining of the rollerskies. We have succeeded in developing a cast aluminium component which will serve as the main part of the ski. The main beam and the wheel fastening have been integrated into one single component. Fenders have been added to both the front and rear wheels in order to protect the user from dirt and splash during skiing. Both the front and the rear fender are integreated into the ski. In order to comply with the demands of offroad roller skiing relatively large pneumatic wheels have been combined with good ground clearance.
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- 2013
17. Klarere språk i Fredrikstad og Sarpsborg
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Nilsen, Morten, primary and Trømborg, Ingrid, additional
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- 2015
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18. Risikostyring i energimarkedene
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Sleire, Anders D., primary, Sørensen, Rolf-Helge, additional, Angell, Thomas, additional, Nilsen, Morten, additional, and Johannessen, Pål, additional
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- 2015
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19. More Potent Lipid-Lowering Effect by Rosuvastatin Compared With Fluvastatin in Everolimus-Treated Renal Transplant Recipients
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Robertsen, Ida, primary, Åsberg, Anders, additional, Granseth, Tone, additional, Vethe, Nils Tore, additional, Akhlaghi, Fatemeh, additional, Ghareeb, Mwlod, additional, Molden, Espen, additional, Reier-Nilsen, Morten, additional, Holdaas, Hallvard, additional, and Midtvedt, Karsten, additional
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- 2014
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20. Mere politi, flere optøjer:Danmarks nye uropoliti og ungdomsuroligheder 2006-2008
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Nilsen, Morten, Karpantschof, Rene, Nilsen, Morten, and Karpantschof, Rene
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- 2008
21. Ulovlig innsidehandel : en studie av fenomenet ulovlig innsidehandel i vedipapirmarkedet
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Nilsen, Morten
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- 1998
22. Veldig kort om transplantasjon
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Reier-Nilsen, Morten, primary
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- 2013
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23. Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) Deficiency: Renal Lesions with Early Graft Recurrence
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Strøm, Erik H., primary, Sund, Ståle, additional, Reier-Nilsen, Morten, additional, Dørje, Christina, additional, and Leren, Trond P., additional
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- 2011
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24. The potential metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides and mucin in the infant intestine by Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides
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Hamarheim, Oda Larsen, Rudi, Knut, and Nilsen, Morten
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Among the most abundant genera in the gut of 6-month-old infants are the Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium genera. Bifidobacterium species are well known to utilize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) but can also degrade mucins present in humans' gastrointestinal tract. Mucins are structurally similar to HMOs and are the primary resource for Bacteroides species. Bacteroides have recently been discovered to degrade HMOs, and Bifidobacterium seems not to be the only species to possess this trait. There is currently a knowledge gap related to the common metabolism of these resources and the potential competition between the Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium genera. This thesis aims to investigate metabolic pathways and glycoside hydrolases that are recognized for HMO- and mucin degradation with the help of metagenomics and proteomics. A subset of 11 samples were selected from a bigger sample-set of 100 16S rRNA sequenced fecal samples. The subset was split into two groups: samples high in Bacteroides and samples high in Bifidobacterium. A shotgun analysis was performed to investigate the potential functions present in Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium and proteome analysis to identify and match proteins to the shotgun data. Accordingly, an SCFA analysis was performed to identify associations between the produced SCFA and metabolic pathways. All necessary intracellular glycoside hydrolases (GHs) for HMO degradation were detected for both genera in the shotgun data, including sialidases, fucosidases, β-galactosidases, and β-hexosaminidases. Two mucin-related GHs were found in the genome of Bifidobacterium and not in Bacteroides. Sulfatases that may be used to degrade other substrates in human breast milk were identified in the Bacteroides genome and not in Bifidobacterium. The proteomics revealed the presence of fucosidases and β-hexosaminidases in both genera. However, sialidases were missing for Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, whereas the latter also lacked β-galactosidases. There was no correlation between SCFAs and the two genera, but the potential for producing acetate was observed in different metabolic pathways for Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. The latter illustrated a potential for producing propionate as well. The study revealed similar abilities of HMO and mucin degradation between Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, although the Bifidobacterium genus is likely better adapted and has a broader repertoire of the necessary enzymes for HMO utilization. Bacteroides could depend on other factors in human milk to compete with the Bifidobacterium species. The potential competition between these genera and the metabolic pathways they may exploit to promote their species' growth, should be further investigated. Blant de mest tallrike bakteriene i tarmen til 6 måneder gamle spedbarn er slektene Bacteroides og Bifidobacterium. Bifidobacterium er godt kjent for å benytte seg av oligosakkarider i brystmelk (HMO), men de kan også degradere muciner som finnes i den gastrointestinale trakten hos mennesker. Mucin er veldig like HMO i strukturen, og er hovedressursen til arter i Bacteroides slekten. Bacteroides har og nylig blitt observert å kunne degradere HMO, slik at Bifidobacterium ser ut til å ikke være den eneste slekten som har denne egenskapen. Foreløpig er det et avvik i kunnskapen relatert til deres felles metabolisme for disse ressursene, som fremmer levedyktigheten og gjør at de bosetter seg i tarmen. Målet med denne oppgaven har vært å undersøke metabolske reaksjonsveier og glykosid hydrolaser som er kjent for HMO- og mucin degradering, ved hjelp av metagenomikk og proteomikk. Fra et prøvesett på 100 16S rRNA sekvenserte fekale prøver, ble 11 prøver valgt ut. De ble delt inn i to grupper: høy Bacteroides og høy Bifidobacterium. En shotgun analyse ble gjennomført for å undersøke potensielle funksjoner hos Bacteroides og Bifidobacterium, samt en proteom-analyse for å identifisere og matche proteiner til shotgun-data. I tillegg ble det gjennomført en kortkjedet fettsyre-analyse for å identifisere assosiasjoner mellom de produserte fettsyrene og metabolske reaksjonsveiene. Alle nødvendige intracellulære glykosid-hydrolaser (GH) for HMO degradering ble funnet for begge slekter i shotgun-dataen. Disse inkluderer sialidaser, fukosidaser, β-galaktosidaser og β-heksosaminidaser. To mucin-relaterte GHer ble funnet i genomet til Bifidobacterium, men ikke hos Bacteroides. Sulfataser, som kan benyttes for degradering av andre substrater i brystmelk ble funnet hos Bacteroides og ikke hos Bifidobacterium. Proteomikken avslørte tilstedeværelse av fukosidaser og β-heksosaminidaser hos begge slektene. Sialidaser derimot manglet hos begge, og Bacteroides manglet også β-galactosidaser. Ingen korrelasjon mellom kortkjedede fettsyrer og bakterieslektene ble observert, men potensialet for acetat-produksjon ble observert i ulike metabolske reaksjonsveier for Bifidobacterium og Bacteroides. Bacteroides illustrerte også et potensiale for propionat-produksjon. Både Bacteroides og Bifidobacterium viste gode muligheter for degradering av HMO og mucin i denne studien, men Bifidobacterium synes å være bedre tilpasset med et større repertoar av enzymene som er nødvendige i degradering av HMO. Bacteroides kan være avhengig av andre faktorer i brystmelk for å kunne konkurrere med Bifidobacterium. Metabolske reaksjonsveier og GHer som Bacteroides og Bifidobacterium benytter seg av burde undersøkes videre, for å få en bredere forståelse av hva det er som fremmer veksten til disse slektene i tarmen til spedbarn. M-BIOTEK
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- 2022
25. Factors associated with host DNA methylation in infant stool
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Frøseth, Marianne Sundet, Rudi, Knut, and Nilsen, Morten
- Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. There are several factors that can affect DNA methylation, with a complex interplay between the different mechanisms. The maturation of the infant gut microbiota could potentially be one of these factors. During the first year of life, there is shown to be a significant increase in the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate and a change in bacterial composition. How these changes potentially modulate the DNA methylation pattern is not well established. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to study if age, gut bacterial composition, and butyrate are associated with the DNA methylation levels of selected immune-related genes from feces. Infant fecal samples from the study Preventing atopic dermatitis and allergies (PreventADALL) were used. As a significant increase in butyrate has been observed between 6- and 12-months of age, samples from these two time points were studied. To reveal the DNA methylation level of the selected genes, extracted DNA was bisulfite converted prior to Illumina sequencing. The taxonomic- and short chain fatty acid composition in feces were determined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. The results showed a significant increase in the DNA methylation level of defensin alpha 5 and toll-like receptor 4 with age. In contradiction, interleukin-4 showed a significant decrease in DNA methylation level with age. No significant correlations were found between butyrate and the mean DNA methylation levels, but potential trends were observed between DNA methylation and the bacterial composition. In conclusion, the results indicate that age is a potential modulator of DNA methylation. The lack of correlations to butyrate indicates that the significant differences between the age groups are not caused by the increase in butyrate. However, trends between the DNA methylation pattern and bacteria suggest that the bacterial composition could be a potential modulator. DNA-metylering spiller en viktig rolle for regulering av genuttrykket. Det er flere faktorer som kan påvirke DNA-metylering, og det er et komplekst samspill mellom de ulike mekanismene. Modningen av tarmmikrobiotaen hos spedbarn kan potensielt være en av disse faktorene. I løpet av det første leveåret er det vist å være en signifikant økning av den kortkjeda fettsyren butyrat og en endring i den bakterielle sammensetningen. Hvordan disse endringene potensielt modulerer DNA-metyleringsmønsteret er ikke godt etablert. Hovedmålet med denne oppgaven er derfor å studere om alder, bakteriesammensetning i tarmen og butyrat er assosiert med DNA-metyleringsnivåene av utvalgte immun-relaterte gener fra avføring. Avføringsprøver fra spedbarn ble hentet fra studien “Preventing atopic dermatitis and allergies (PreventADALL). På grunn av den tidligere observerte økningen av butyrat mellom 6- og 12-måneders alder ble prøver fra disse to tidspunktene studert. For å bestemme DNA-metyleringsnivåene i utvalgte gener ble ekstrahert DNA bisulfitt-konvertert før Illumina-sekvensering. Den taksonomiske sammensetningen og sammensetning av kortkjeda fettsyrer i avføringen ble bestemt med henholdsvis 16S rRNA gensekvensering og gasskromatografi. Resultatene viste en signifikant økning i DNA-metylerings-nivåene av defensin alfa 5 og toll-liknende reseptor 4 med alder. Interleukin-4 viste derimot en signifikant reduksjon i DNA-metyleringsnivå med alder. Ingen signifikante korrelasjoner ble funnet mellom butyrat og de gjennomsnittlige DNA-metyleringsnivåene, men potensielle trender mellom DNA-metylering og den bakterielle sammensetningen ble observert. For å konkludere viser resultatene at alder er en potensiell modulator av DNA metylering. Mangelen på korrelasjoner til butyrat indikerer at de signifikante forskjellene mellom aldersgruppene ikke skyldes økningen av butyrat. Trendene som ble observert mellom DNA-metyleringsmønsteret og de observerte bakteriene indikerte derimot at den bakterielle sammensetningen kan være en potensiell modulator. M-BIOTEK
- Published
- 2022
26. Colonization of Bifidobacterium in the human infant gut
- Author
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Killingstad, Madeleine-Emilie, Rudi, Knut, and Nilsen, Morten
- Subjects
fluids and secretions ,food and beverages ,digestive system - Abstract
The early bacterial flora and bacterial colonization of a human infant’s gut have been studied broadly over the years due to it being the key to the development of a healthy gut. Several of these studies have shown a bacterial association between infants and their mothers, where mode of delivery and breastfeeding are the sources of transmission. Bifidobacterium is commonly found in the gut of both infants and adults. However, the time of colonization is still uncertain. This thesis main aim was to investigate the presence of Bifidobacterium in mother-infant pairs, where the hypothesis was that the mother’s milk is the reason for selection and colonization of different Bifidobacterium species. Bakteriefloraen og koloniseringen av et menneske-spedbarns tarm har vært et yndet forskningsobjekt gjennom årene på bakgrunn av sin essensielle rolle i å skape et sunt og friskt tarmmiljø. Flere av disse studiene viser en klar bakteriell sammenheng mellom mors tarmflora og spedbarnets, der fødselsmetode og amming har blitt studert som overføringskilde for bakteriene. Bifidobakterier finnes som regel i tarmen til både spedbarn og voksne, imidlertid er det fortsatt en del usikkerhet rundt når koloniseringstidspunktet finner sted. Hovedmålet med denne masteroppgaven var å se på tilstedeværelsen av bifidobakterier i mor-barn par, hvor hypotesen var at morsmelk er grunnen for selektering og kolonisering av ulike arter av bifidobakterier. M-BIOTEK
- Published
- 2021
27. Utilisation potential of human milk oligosaccharides and mucin by Ruminococcus gnavus in the human infant gut
- Author
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Bergene, Marte, Rudi, Knut, and Nilsen, Morten
- Abstract
The human gut microbiota plays an important role in the health and immune development of the body. Gut bacteria can utilise carbohydrates that are unavailable to human enzymes, like human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) present in breast milk, and produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as fermentation products. HMOs are thought to be a selective force for colonisation of the gut the first months of life. The gut microbe Ruminococcus gnavus is found present in both infants and adults, and has previously been associated with disorders like Crohn’s and eczema, and general dysbiosis. R. gnavus is a known utiliser of mucin glycans produced by the epithelium of the intestine, which resembles HMOs in structure. The idea that R. gnavus might utilise HMOs instead of or in addition to mucin stirs the thought that colonisation of R. gnavus might affect the colonisation of Bifidobacterium and other favourable bacteria. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the mucin and HMO degrading potential of R. gnavus and the potential for propionic acid production by R. gnavus in the infant gut. Faecal samples from 6-month-old infants, collected through the study Prevent Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies (PreventADALL), were analysed. Microbial composition was determined through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, short chain fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography, genes in the R. gnavus genome were identified through shotgun sequencing, proteins were identified using mass spectrometry, and expression of genes coding glycan degrading proteins was determined using quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results showed a complete pathway for propionic acid production in the genome and proteome, indicating propionic acid production by R. gnavus in the infant gut, as previously shown in the adult gut. Fucosidases, β-galactosidases, sialidases and several mucin specific enzymes were identified in the proteome of all or some of the samples, while no HMO specific enzymes were found in any proteome. Complete pathways for degradation of glucose, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were identified. The results indicate that mucin degradation is more important than HMO in R. gnavus, but that HMOs might be partially degraded. It is difficult to predict the preferred substrate, as many of the identified enzymes can be used on both mucin and HMOs. High abundance of R. gnavus is thought to be unfavourable, because of the properties of R. gnavus and the negative correlation with Bifidobacterium. Lack of Bifidobacterium is a sign of a more adult gut which is unwanted during infancy. The results from this thesis lay the foundation for further studies on glycan degradation by R. gnavus, like gene expression analysis and growth experiments on different mucins and HMOs. Tarmmikrobiotaen i menneske spelar ei viktig rolle for kroppen si helse og immunutvikling. Tarmbakteriar kan nytta karbohydrat som ikkje er tilgjengelege for humane enzym, som oligosakkarid funne i morsmjølk (HMO), og produserer kortkjeda feittsyrer som fermenteringsprodukt. Ein trur HMOer har ei selektiv kraft ved kolonisering av tarmen dei fyrste levemånadene. Tarmmikroben Ruminococcus gnavus finnes i både spedborn og vaksne, og bakterien er tidlegare blitt assosiert med lidingar som Krohns, eksem og generelt ved dysbiose i tarmen. R. gnavus er kjend for å nytta mucin glykan produsert av tarmepitelet, som liknar HMO i struktur. Ideen om at R. gnavus kanskje nyttar HMO i staden for eller i tillegg til mucin har vekkja tankar om at R. gnavus kanskje påverkar koloniseringa av Bifidobacterium og andre gunstige bakteriar. Målet med oppgåva var å undersøkje potensialet R. gnavus har til å nytte mucin og HMO, og potensialet for produksjon av propionsyre i tarmen til spedborn. Avføringsprøvar frå seks månader gamle spedborn, samla inn gjennom studien Prevent Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies (PreventADALL), vart analysert. Mikrobiell samansetjing vart bestemt gjennom 16S rRNA gensekvensering, samansetjing av kortkjeda feittsyrer vart bestemt ved bruk av gasskromatografi, det genetiske potensialet til R. gnavus vart identifisert ved shotgun sekvensering, protein vart identifisert ved massespektrometri og uttrykket av glykan-nedbrytande gen vart bestemt ved bruk av kvantitativ PCR (qPCR). Resultata viste ein komplett produksjonsveg for propionsyre i genomet og proteomet, som indikerer produksjon av propionsyre frå R. gnavus i tarmen til spedborn, som tidlegare vist hjå vaksne. Fukosidaser, β-galaktosidaser, sialidaser og fleire mucin-spesifikke enzym vart identifisert i proteomet til alle eller nokre prøvar, men ingen HMO-spesifikke enzym vart funne. Komplette nedbrytingsvegar for glukose, galaktose og N-acetylglukosamine (GlcNAc) vart identifisert. Resultata indikerer at nedbryting av mucin er viktigare i R. gnavus, men at HMO kanskje blir delvis nedbrote. Det er vanskeleg å sjå kva substrat R. gnavus vil føretrekka, då R. gnavus kan nytte mange av enzyma på både mucin og HMO. Ein trur mykje R. gnavus i tarmen til spedborn ikkje er gunstig, på bakgrunn av eigenskapane til bakterien og den negative korrelasjonen til Bifidobacterium som er funne. Mangel på Bifidobacteirum er eit teikn på ein meir vaksen tarmmikrobiota, noko som ikkje er ynskja tidleg i livet. Resultata frå oppgåva legg grunnlaget for vidare studiar på glykan-nedbryting i R. gnavus, i form av genuttrykksanalyser og dyrkingseksperiment på ulike mucin og HMOer. M-BIOTEK
- Published
- 2021
28. Vertikal overføring av Bacteroides i mor-barn par i sammenheng med vaginal fødsel
- Author
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Wilborn, Lene Marie, Rudi, Knut, and Nilsen, Morten
- Subjects
fluids and secretions ,Bacteroides - Abstract
Early colonization of beneficial bacteria in the infant gut is key for the development of healthy gut microbiota, immune system and for health later in life. Microbes are shared between mothers and their children. There is an ongoing debate about whether the first transmission occurs inside the uterus or after rupture of the amniotic membrane. Therefore, there still lacks information regarding the time of transmission and mechanisms for transfer. Previous studies have identified an association of Bacteroides in mother-child pairs. Therefore, this study aimed to identify vertical transmission of Bacteroides species from mother to child. Overlap of Bacteroides in 144 mother-child pairs in relation with mode of delivery were investigated. Ninety-five mother-child pairs were related to vaginal delivery, and 48 mother-child pairs were related to caesarean section delivery. Samples from mother’s stool, meconium, skin from newborns, and feces from 3 months old infants were analyzed to determine bacterial overlap. Material included in this study were received from the PreventADALL cohort. Bacterial composition in samples was studied by Illumina sequencing using the 16S rRNA gene and the rpoB gene. Amplicon sequence variant (ASV) profiles were used to study overlap of Bacteroides species in mothers and children. Indication of live bacterial cells in meconium was identified by cultivation. Bacteroides was present in all sample categories and represented 26.4% of the composition in meconium from vaginal delivered infants. Most samples with presence of Bacteroides were related to vaginal delivered infants. B. vulgatus was the predominant species in most samples. Several species of Bacteroides were present in mother-child pairs, and B. vulgatus and B. dorei had a significant association (p
- Published
- 2021
29. The potential for human milk oligosaccharide utilization by Bifidobacterium in 6 months children
- Author
-
Nilsen, Tonje, Rudi, Knut, and Nilsen, Morten
- Subjects
fluids and secretions ,food and beverages ,digestive system ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
The infant gut microbiota is known to be dominated by Bifidobacterium, especially in healthy, breastfed infants. This is mainly due to their ability to utilize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that are non-digestible glycans, unique to breast milk. From this utilization, metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced, that have an important role in nurturing the epithelial cells in the large intestine. There is currently a knowledge gap related to how Bifidobacterium utilize HMOs in the infant gut. The aim of this thesis was therefore to analyze how Bifidobacterium degrade HMOs in the infant gut using a metagenomic and proteomic approach. Potential HMO degradation by Bifidobacterium was studied using fecal samples from the PreventADALL study. To obtain an overview of the gut microbiota composition, and to select samples with high abundance of Bifidobacterium for further analyzes, a 16S rRNA sequencing was performed. The detailed composition and functional potential of Bifidobacterium species was found through a shotgun sequencing. To identify HMO utilizing proteins found in Bifidobacterium, a proteome analysis was performed, and the proteins were divided into different HMO degradation pathways. Several proteins related to HMO degradation were found either from both the shotgun and proteome data, or only from the shotgun data. For three out of five building blocks of HMO, whole degradation pathways were found. In addition to this, all the main enzymes to break down HMO; β-galactosidase, fucosidase, sialidase, GLNBP and β-hexosaminidase, were identified from the data. In conclusion, Bifidobacterium has the ability to degrade HMO compounds, and there is a high potential that some Bifidobacterium species contain whole HMO degradation pathways. This provides a good base to research different HMO degradation pathways in specific Bifidobacterium species. Tarmmikrobiotaen til spedbarn er kjent for å være dominert av Bifidobacterium, spesielt hos friske, ammede spedbarn. Dette er hovedsakelig grunnet deres egenskaper til å utnytte spesifikke oligosakkarider (HMOer) i morsmelk, som er ikke-nedbrytbare glykaner. Fra denne nedbrytelsen blir det produsert metabolitter, slik som kortkjedede fettsyrer (SCFAer), som har en viktig rolle i å fungere som næring for epitelceller i tykktarmen. Det er for øyeblikket mangel på kunnskap relatert til hvordan Bifidobacterium bryter ned HMOer i tarmen til spedbarn. Målet med denne oppgaven var derfor å analysere hvordan Bifidobacterium bryter ned HMOer i tarmen til spedbarn ved å bruke en metagenomisk og proteomisk analyse. M-BIOTEK
- Published
- 2021
30. Associations of gut microbiota- and short-chain fatty acid composition during the first year of life with immune cells in one-year children
- Author
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Jonsmoen, Unni Lise Albertsdóttir, Rudi, Knut, and Nilsen, Morten
- Subjects
Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Generell mikrobiologi: 472 [VDP] ,gas chromatography ,short-chain fatty acids ,gut microbiome ,next-generation sequencing ,Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Molekylærbiologi: 473 [VDP] ,immune cell profiles ,Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Generell immunologi: 478 [VDP] - Abstract
Mikroorganismene i tarmen etablerer komplekse mutualistiske forhold til verten og spiller en viktig rolle i modningen av vertens immunsystem. Modningsprosessen påvirkes enten direkte av bakterielle komponenter eller indirekte gjennom bakterienes fermenteringsprodukter slik som korkjedede fettsyrer. Med dette som grunnlag utforsker denne studien den langsgående utviklingen av tarmmikrobiotaen og nivået av kortkjedede fettsyrer hos barn gjennom deres første leveår, og ser det i sammenheng med barnas immuncelleprofiler ved ett års stadiet. Fekale prøver fra 180 12 måneder gamle barn ble hentet fra studien Prevent Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies (PreventADALL). Immuncellekomposisjonsdata ble mottatt for 67 av barna og disse barna ble studert langsgående ved analyse av fekale prøver hentet fra barnas mødre i svangerskapets 18. uke, og fra barna ved 0-, 3-, 6- og 12 måneder. Bakterie- og kortkjedet fettsyresammensetning ble bestemt ved henholdsvis nestegenerasjonssekvensering og gasskromatografi. Informasjonen om immuncellesammensettingen ved 12 måneder ble brukt videre i den statistiske analysen. Bakteriedataene ble behandlet gjennom QIIME-pipeline. Videre dataanalyse ble utført ved paret t-tester og Spearman korrelasjonsanalyse justert for multippel testing. Studien avdekket sammenhenger mellom immuncelleprofiler og miljøassosierte bakterier. Funnene viste at både Methylophiliales og Methylococcales påvirket vertens immuncellekomposisjon, på en henholdsvis pro- og anti-inflammatorisk måte. Det ble ikke avdekket korrelasjoner mellom kortkjedede fettsyrer og immunceller, noe som hadde vært forventet utfra dyrestudier. Som i tidligere studier, viste den mikrobielle sammensetningen at Enterobacteriales dominerte i barnas første avføring, mens Clostridiales dominerte i mødrenes tarmer. Mengden eddiksyre endret seg i samsvar med mengde eddiksyre-produserende Bifidobactierales ved alle aldere. Positive korrelasjoner ble påvist mellom Lactobacillales og smørsyre ved 3-, 6- og 12 måneder, noe som kan skyldes bakterielle kryssfôringsmekanismer. Oppsummert avdekket denne eksplorative studien korrelasjoner mellom enkelte immunceller og tarmbakterier. Miljøassosierte bakterier påvirket vertens immunsystem på ulike pro- og anti-inflammatoriske måter. Det er et behov for videre forskning på forbindelsen mellom tarmmikrobiotaen og immunsystemet i friske mennesker, og denne studien taler for at miljømikroorganismer i større grad bør vektlegges i slik forskning. The microorganisms in the gut establish complex mutualistic relationships with their human host and serve important functions in the maturation of the host’s immune system. The immune system maturation process is affected both by bacterial components directly and through their fermentative products, such as the short-chain fatty acids. This thesis aimed to explore the longitudinal development of the infant gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) concentrations in relation to the immune cell status at 12 months. Fecal samples from 180 12 months-old infants were retrieved from the Prevent Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies (PreventADALL) study cohort. Data on immune cell profiles were obtained for 67 of the infants, and these infants were studied longitudinally with fecal samples from the mothers 18-weeks pregnant, and the infants at 0-, 3-,6- and 12 months were analyzed. The bacterial and SCFA composition was determined by next-generation sequencing, and gas chromatography, respectively. The immune cell data was used in statistical analysis. The bacterial data was processed using the QIIME pipeline, and further statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-tests and Spearman rank’s correlation adjusted for false discoveries. This study revealed interesting correlations between immune cell profiles and environmental associated bacteria. The orders of Methylophiliales and Methylococcales both affected the immune cell profiles in pro- and anti-inflammatory manner, respectively. No correlations between SCFAs and immune cells were detected, which would have been expected based on animal studies. With respect to the general age-related development of the microbiota did the findings of this study correspond to previous studies. Enterobacteriales dominated the meconium samples and Clostridiales dominated in the mothers. Acetate levels coincided with the abundance of the acetogenic Bifodobacteriales in all age groups. Positive correlations were detected between Lactobacilliales and butyric acid at 3-, 6- and 12 months, which was likely caused by bacterial cross-feeding mechanisms. This exploratory study reviled correlations between immune cells and gut bacteria. Environmental associated bacteria affected the immune system and influenced both pro- and anti-inflammatory associated responses. There is a need for further research on the connection between the gut microbiota and the host’s immune system in healthy humans, and this study notes the importance of including environmental associated bacteria in this research. M-BIOTEK
- Published
- 2020
31. Associations in infant gut microbiota's taxonomic and inferred metabolic composition with immune cells at 12 months
- Author
-
Fredheim, Cecilie, Rudi, Knut, and Nilsen, Morten
- Subjects
Immune system ,Illumina ,Molecular biology ,Microbiota ,Next generation sequencing ,Immunology ,Teknologi: 500::Bioteknologi: 590 [VDP] ,Sequencing ,Gut microbiota ,Microbiology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Den menneskelige mage-tarmkanalen rommer et sammensatt og mangfoldig økologisk felleskap av kommensal tarmflora tett tilknyttet verten. Fra dyrestudier er det bevist at tarmfloraens komponenter og metabolitter er essensielle for korrekt modulering og modning av vertens immunsystem, særlig i spedbarnsalder, da perturbasjon av tarmflora tidlig i livet kan forstyrre utviklingen av immunforsvaret og senere medføre immunrelaterte sykdommer. Fremskritt i metagenomiske analyser tillater nå en mer dyptgående undersøkelse av sammenhengene også mellom menneskelig immunitet og tarmflora. Dette prosjektet tok dermed i sikte på å bestemme tarmfloraens relative taksonomiske og utledete metabolske sammensetning det første leveåret for å undersøke mulige assosiasjoner til den relative immuncellesammensetningen ved 12 måneders alder. Studien inkluderte deler av biologiske prøver samlet i Prevent Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies kohortstudien. Tarmfloraens taksonomiske og utledete metabolske sammensetning ble bestemt fra langsgående fekale prøver ved henholdsvis Redusert Metagenomisk Sekvensering med Kraken2 HumGut- og Virtual Metabolic Human-databasen. De fekale prøvene fordeler seg over følgende tidspunkt: 60 prøver fra spedbarnets første avføring (mekonium) og deres gravide mødre, 59 prøver fra 3 og 6 måneder og 180 prøver fra 12 måneder. Korrelasjonsanalyser med korreksjon for multippel testing ble deretter utført på disse tarmflora sammensetningene til den tilgjengelige immuncellesammensetning for 67 av barna ved 12 måneders alder. Resultatene viste negative korrelasjoner mellom relativ forekomst av multiple slekter, arter og utledede metabolitter i prøver fra mødre, mekonium og 12 måneder, til relativ forekomst av klassiske, ikke-klassiske og proinflammatoriske monocytter ved 12 måneder. Et annet funn var den positive korrelasjonen mellom den relative forekomsten av fire arter ved 3 og 6 måneder til den relative forekomsten av naive CD8+ T-celler ved 12 måneder. Den relative forekomsten av to slekter ved 3 måneder var positivt korrelert til den relative forekomsten av T-hukommelsesceller ved 12 måneder, mens den relative forekomsten av utledet smørsyre var negativt korrelert til den relative forekomsten av CD56bright NK-celler, begge ved 12 måneder. Oppsummert indikerer funnene at den relative forekomsten av flere mikrobielle taksonomiske og utledete metabolske egenskaper i tarmen er assosiert med den relative forekomsten av flere immunceller. Av immuncellene viser monocytter den sterkeste assosiasjonen til tarmflora. Imidlertid trengs det ytterligere forskning for å utforske de biologiske implikasjonene til de identifiserte korrelasjonene. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex and diverse ecological community of commensal gut microbes closely connected to the host. Animal-based studies have found that gut microbial components and metabolites are essential for correct modulation and maturation of the host’s immune system, especially during infancy. An early-life perturbation in the gut microbial community can disrupt the immune system development and lead to later immunerelated diseases. Recent advancement in metagenomic analysis enables now a more in-depth exploration of human immunity and gut microbiota connections. Thus, did this project aim to determine the gut microbiota’s relative taxonomic and inferred metabolic composition in the first year of life to investigate possible associations to the relative immune cell composition at 12 months of age. The study included a subset of biological samples from the Prevent Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies cohort study. The gut microbiota’s taxonomic and inferred metabolic composition was determined from longitudinal fecal samples by Reduced Metagenome Sequencing with the Kraken2 HumGut and the Virtual Metabolic Human database, respectively. The following time points distribute the fecal samples: 60 samples from the infants’ first feces (meconium) and corresponding pregnant mother, 59 samples from 3 and 6 months, and 180 samples from 12 months. Correlation analysis with correction for multiple testing was conducted on these gut microbial compositions to the available immune cell composition for 67 of the children at 12 months of age. M-BIOTEK
- Published
- 2020
32. Rette hansker under fødsel gir mindre avfall.
- Author
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Kalager M, Johannessen KA, Balakumar A, Langeland EA, Mahalingam S, Nilsen M, and Safa N
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Delivery, Obstetric standards, Gloves, Surgical
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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