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The study identifies a specific problem area related to students' misconceptions about heat and heat conduction. The aims of the study are to contribute knowledge about how practical activities with thermal cameras impact the interaction and understanding of heat conduction among intermediate-grade students. The study was conducted with 23 fifth-grade students in two different schools in Sweden. To address the study's purpose, groups of three to four students were observed during a designed activity in which we participated. This activity included discussions and experiments on heat conduction using a thermal camera. The activity was recorded on video and later analysed. The results of the study, presented in three experiments, indicate that the use of thermal cameras can effectively support students' understanding of heat conduction. Students articulate the concept of heat conduction and use it in discussions. Visualizing heat with the help of thermal cameras facilitates students in connecting theoretical concepts to practical situations and enhances their ability to explain and reason about the phenomenon. The study also highlights the teacher's role in guiding students in their development. Despite some difficulties in verbalizing their conclusions, students show increased awareness of heat conduction and its connection to different materials. The study thus emphasizes the potential of using thermal cameras to support teaching and improve students' understanding of how heat spreads., Studien identifierar ett specifikt problemområde relaterat till elevers missuppfattningar om värme och värmeledning. Syften med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur praktiska aktiviteter med värmekameror påverkar mellanstadieelevers interaktion och förståelse för hur värme sprids genom ledning. Studien är utförd på 23 elever i årskurs 5 på två olika skolor i Sverige. För att besvara studiens syfte observerades grupper av tre till fyra elever under en designad aktivitet där vi deltog. I denna aktivitet ingick diskussioner och experiment om värmeledning där värmekamera användes. Aktiviteten videofilmades och analyserades senare. Studiens resultat, presenterade i tre experiment, visar att användningen av värmekameror effektivt kan stödja elevernas förståelse för värmeledning. Eleverna uttrycker begreppet värmeledning och använder det i diskussioner. Visualiseringen av värme med hjälp av värmekameror underlättar för eleverna att koppla teoretiska begrepp till praktiska situationer och främjar deras förmåga att förklara och resonera kring fenomenet. Studien belyser också lärarens roll för att vägleda eleverna i deras utveckling. Trots vissa svårigheter att verbalisera sina slutsatser visar eleverna ökad medvetenhet om värmeledning och dess koppling till olika material. Studien betonar således potentialen i att använda värmekameror för att stödja undervisningen och förbättra elevernas förståelse för hur värme sprids.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

The Urdarbrunnen project is a Saab-led exploratory initiative that aims to develop an operator-assisted AI-enabled mission system for basic autonomous functions. In its first iteration, presented in this project paper, the system is designed to be capable of performing the search task of a combat search and rescue mission in a complex and dynamic environment, while providing basic human machine interaction support for remote operators. The system enables a team of agents to cooperatively plan and execute a search mission while also interfacing with the WARA-PS core system that allows human operators and other agents to monitor activities and interact with each other. The aim of the project is to develop the system iteratively, with each iteration incorporating feedback from simulations and real-world experiments. In future work, the capability of the system will be extended to incorporate additional tasks for other scenarios, making it a promising starting point for the integration of autonomous capabilities in a future air force.

Much has been written about Hemingway’s works from a feminist or queer perspective, including the relation between Hemingway’s biography and his representation of female characters, female domination and homosexuality. In comparison, the queer sub-field of transgender studies, which entails analyzing gender transgression and influence, has received little attention by scholars of Hemingway studies. In this essay, I locate and analyze instances of transgender identities and gender influences regarding the question of how these interact with other identities in the novel The Garden of Eden (1986) and the short story “The Sea Change” (1931). In addition, I analyze how these individual identities interact with the feminist concept of relational autonomy. This essay draws the conclusion that Hemingway’s portrayal of queer gender identities and their interactions in these two works of prose fiction exemplify the autonomy of these queer characters., Much has been written about Hemingway’s works from a feminist or queer perspective, including the relation between Hemingway’s biography and his representation of female characters, female domination and homosexuality. In comparison, the queer sub-field of transgender studies, which entails analyzing gender transgression and influence, has received little attention by scholars of Hemingway studies. In this essay, I locate and analyze instances of transgender identities and gender influences regarding the question of how these interact with other identities in the novel The Garden of Eden (1986) and the short story “The Sea Change” (1931). In addition, I analyze how these individual identities interact with the feminist concept of relational autonomy. This essay draws the conclusion that Hemingway’s portrayal of queer gender identities and their interactions in these two works of prose fiction exemplify the autonomy of these queer characters.