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Dry hollow reactor has been widely used in China due to its advantages of simple structure, low price and basic maintenance-free. But after a long time of operation, dry reactor burning accidents frequently appear. Taking the 35kV reactor burning accident on the low-voltage side of the main transformer of a substation as an example, this paper analyzes the protection action behavior and fault recording point of the reactor in view of the reactor fire caused by the failure of the protection device in the early stage of the fault, and puts forward a theoretical analysis method of reactor fault. At the same time, the protection configuration of dry hollow reactor in current engineering application is discussed, and corresponding measures and suggestions are put forward from the aspects of protection configuration optimization, reactor design, operation and maintenance to prevent reactor accidents.

On account of Main transformer CT (current transformer)’s wrong connection leading to additional circuit, differential loop’s circuit is calculated according to transformer’s load status. Detail analysis is made. In conclusion, potential fault trip exists in RCS-978E stable ratio differential protection. Measures are brought forward to avoid fault trip, so that reliability of transformer protection is improved.

Circuit breaker trip circuit (also known as control circuit) is the most important secondary circuit for relay protection. Among them, the “communication triple trip” (CTT) hard contact connected to the operation exit circuit of the protection device increases the complexity of the trip circuit and the difficulty of analyzing the trip circuit failure. When the system runs normally, the signal of “control circuit disconnection” cannot be accurately and timely uploaded to the operation monitoring background. When the system short-circuit fault occurs, the circuit breaker cannot operate correctly due to the trip circuit break, so the adjacent interval is connected by the near backup protection, thus causing the expansion of the accident scope. In this paper, it is proposed for the first time that the CTT hard contact protected by circuit breaker should be replaced by the soft CTT (i.e. the control word) of the protection device, so as to make the trip circuit reliable, clear and simple, and at the same time ensure the accuracy of the “control circuit break” signal.

The paper presents an application instance of CZX-22A controlbox mal-operation from secondary circuit’s mistaken wiring, and analyzes academic reason of controlbox mal-operation in detail. Mistaken wiring leads to DC source parataxis existing in the breaker control circuit, when one route control source is broken down for some reason, it could result in controlbox mal-operation and the accidental trip. By experiment and calculation, this paper brings forward a view of preventing controlbox mal-operation, which alters components’ parameters on circuit board of controlbox, thus ensuring the reliability of relaying protection and the security of the grid.

The Litang fault is a left-lateral secondary shear zone in the Sichuan-Yunnan active block that accommodates the tectonic deformation associated with the eastward extrusion of the upper crust of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 1: 50 000 geological mapping of active faults, the Litang fault consists of three geometric segments, the Cuopuhu, Damaoyaba, and Litang segments, in the west of Litang, which are divided by the of Haizi Mountain uplift and the wide-angle bending and branching of the fault near Jinchanggou. This study also identifies the surface rupture of the A.D. 1890 earthquake, which is distributed intermittently along the ∼28 km long Damaoyaba segments and ∼25 km long Litang segments. The maximum horizontal displacement is 4.1 m along Damaoyaba segments, and 4 m along Litang segments. The rupture involves typical left-lateral shear movement. The two ruptures are divided by discontinuous segments or gaps that are ∼18 km long; thus, the total surface rupture is approximately 71 km long. The estimated moment magnitude was Mw7.3±0.1. A comprehensive analysis of data obtained from 5 trenches excavated along the Damaoyaba and Litang segments and the trench data by Xu et al. (2005) identifies age constraints of the 4 most recent paleoseimic events occurred B.C. 1468±54–1340±25, B.C. 52±25–A.D. 76±47, A.D. 1115±90, and A.D. 1890, respectively. The recurrence intervals are 1 415±80, 1 104±104, and 775±90 a, which are consistent with quasi-periodic earthquake recurrence behavior. The average recurrence interval is 1 098±112 a.

Yue Liu,1 Nina Liu,2 Wenwen Shen,1 Longhui Li,1 Wenhua Zhou,1 Leiting Xu3 1Department of Academic Research, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315201, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Basic Medicine, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, 315100, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Basic Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Leiting XuDepartment of Basic Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18267417969Email leitingxu@yeah.netWenhua ZhouDepartment of Academic Research, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315201, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13777113984Email wenhuazhou@yeah.netObjective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the abuse characteristics of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT).Methods: A total of 58 MMT and 51 BMT patients abusing ATS were recruited from the drug maintenance treatment clinic of Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center from January 2018 to December 2019. They were assessed using the amphetamine abuse questionnaire (AAQ), addiction severity index (ASI) and Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS). Moreover, 40 MMT control patients, 40 BMT control patients and 20 healthy controls were also assessed using the BIS. All information was collected using the amphetamine abuse questionnaire (AAQ), Chinese version of addiction severity index (ASI-C) and Chinese version of Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-C) conducted by qualified psychologists.Results: The interval of amphetamine use in the MMT group was shorter than the BMT group (P < 0.05). The drug use subscale score of ASI was higher in the MMT group than the BMT group (P < 0.05). The respective and total scores of attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness and non-planning impulsiveness in BIS in the MMT group were all higher than the MMT control group (P < 0.05). The scores of motor impulsiveness and non-planning impulsiveness in the BMT group were higher than the BMT control group (P < 0.05). The respective and total scores in BIS in the MMT control group and the BMT control group were all higher than those in the healthy controls.Conclusion: The patients showing amphetamine abuse in maintenance therapy had a greater impulsiveness than those having other simple maintenance treatments, and patients under MMT may be more addicted to amphetamines in comparison with those having BMT.Keywords: methadone maintenance treatment, buprenorphine maintenance treatment, amphetamine-type stimulants, impulsiveness, addiction

In recent years, antibiotic resistance has become increasingly serious, and the number of cancer patients keeps increasing. There is an urgent need to develop new drugs with antibacterial and antitumor effects. Halophilic microorganisms are a special group of microorganisms living in extreme environment. They have the characteristics of metabolic diversity, low nutritional requirements and adaptability to harsh conditions, thus can serve as promising candidates for new drug discovery. To date, researchers have isolated a variety of metabolites and enzymes with antibacterial and/or antitumor activities from halophilic microorganisms. This review summarized the functions and potential biomedical applications of halophilic microorganisms and their related products, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, biomedical materials and drug carriers. In particular, novel antibacterial and antitumor substances recently discovered in halophilic microorganisms, as well as the biomedical applications of ectoine, a unique metabolite found in halophilic microorganisms, were introduced. Finally, future development and utilization of halophilic microorganisms in biomedical and industrial fields were prospected.

Background: The clinical benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are attendance related; hence, interruptions or cancellations (I/C) of CR sessions limit clinical effectiveness. However, data on the frequency of I/C in CR is sparse. In this study, we aim to characterize the prevalence and clinical factors associated with I/C events among CR participants. Methods: We retrospectively review 251 patients enrolled at our center from 8/2018-9/2021. I/C was defined as at least one event that led to pausing or stopping the exercise session due to a safety or medical concern such as blood pressure, arrhythmia, and/or glycemic control. P-values were determined by t-test, chi-squared, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Fifty percent (125) of patients had at least one I/C event during their participation in CR. A history of diabetes mellitus (DM) , coronary artery disease, or hyperlipidemia were significantly associated with I/C (Table 1) . Furthermore, logistical regression revealed that having DM had the strongest independent correlation with I/C events [hazard ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.57-4.52; p Conclusion: Half of CR patients experienced I/C during their participation. DM was identified as the main risk factor of events. Further studies are needed to understand the root cause and to design preventive measures to maximize the potential of CR participation. Disclosure A.A.Khong: None. J.E.Lopez: None. M.Junker: None. S.Giancaterino: None. R.Labiak: None. N.Liu: None. E.Cortez-toledo: None. A.G.Fausto: None. C.Chen: None. D.H.Slack: None.

Background: We have shown that 50% of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients have at least one exercise session interrupted or cancelled (I/C) . These disruptions were highly correlated with a diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency of I/C at the level of CR sessions and explore the event’s root cause (s) between patients with and without DM. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 5,038 CR sessions from 251 patients during 8/2018-9/2021 at our center. The frequency of I/C was normalized to the individual sessions to account for multiple events occurring to a single patient over time. Potential root causes were categorized as blood pressure control, glycemic control, symptomatic arrhythmias, and/or other cardiac symptoms. P-values were obtained by Fischer exact test and student t-test, as appropriate. Results: Ten percent of all CR sessions (522) were disrupted during the observation period. No baseline differences between were noted [Table 1]. DM patients had 20.2% of sessions disrupted by I/C events compared to 4.0% in non-DM patients (p Conclusion: Patients with DM have a five-fold increase in CR disruptions (primarily due to glycemic control) when compared to those without DM. Further studies are needed to develop optimal glycemic control strategies that could minimize the disruption of cardiac rehabilitation. Disclosure A.A.Khong: None. J.E.Lopez: None. S.Giancaterino: None. M.Junker: None. R.Labiak: None. N.Liu: None. E.Cortez-toledo: None. A.G.Fausto: None. C.Chen: None. D.H.Slack: None.

Background: Traditional cardiac rehabilitation (CR) focuses on aerobic training to improve functional capacity and recovery after cardiovascular events. The use of combined aerobic and strength training is not yet standard of care despite its potential for improving functional capacity. The aim of this study was to characterize the effectiveness of a combined aerobic and strength training CR program for patients living with diabetes in comparison to patients without diabetes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed initial and final functional assessments for 167 patients participating in CR between 12/2019 - 9/2021. Functional capacity was assessed by the metabolic equivalent of task (METs) in a 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), arm curl reps, chair-to-stand reps, and timed up and go test. P-values were determined by the Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Cohort characteristics and outcomes are listed in Table 1. Diabetic and non-diabetic patients improved in all measures of functional capacity, with arm curls and chair-to-stand exhibiting the greatest change. There was no statistical difference in outcomes between groups. Conclusions: Diabetic patients had equivalent improvements in both aerobic and strength measures as their non-diabetic counterparts. This is an early dataset that highlights the effectiveness of combined aerobic and strength training to improve the quality of CR care for diabetic patients.

The ground fissure of Shuanghuaishu in Shaanxi Province, China, is a tectonic ground fissure developed in the northern Loess Plateau of the Weihe Basin. Remarkably, it exhibits multiple activities under heavy rainfall conditions. To explore how heavy rainfall infiltration can induce ground fissures to reactivate, we conducted an in situ large-scale water immersion test on the ground fissure zone. Through measurement of soil moisture content and observation of subsidence and deformation of surface and soil layers at different depths before and after water immersion, we determined the variation law of soil moisture content and the humidification deformation of the ground fissure zone after rain infiltration. Results show that ground fissures destroy the structure of soil layers and form a certain width of influence zone, which allows surface water to seep through the fissure zone into the deep soil below the relative aquifuge. After water immersion, the deformation of the soil in the ground fissure zone is obviously larger than that in the non-fracture zone, the influence zone width of hanging wall of the ground fissure is larger than that of the footwall, and the influence range on the upper soil layer is larger than that on the lower soil layer.

In order to explore the deformation characteristics and stiffness degradation of loess near active faults under subway loading, a series of dynamic triaxial tests were utilized to model the effect of subway loading on loess near active faults. The cumulative plastic strain characteristics and stiffness degradation laws of loess under different dynamic stress amplitudes and different loading frequencies are obtained, and the cumulative plastic strain and stiffness degradation indices are fitted using empirical formulas and degradation models, respectively. The results show that the growth rate of cumulative plastic strain and the attenuation degree of stiffness degradation index are large under large dynamic stress amplitude and low loading frequency. And the empirical formula accurately fits the cumulative plastic strain curve, and the correlation coefficient is more than 0.9. Furthermore, the degradation model fits the stiffness degradation index curve well, and the degradation parameter increases with increasing dynamic stress amplitude and decrease with increasing frequency. The findings of the study can be used to guide the construction and safe operation of subway tunnels that traverse active faults.

Loess is a special kind of Quaternary sediment. The sub-stable skeleton formed by fine grains and salt crystals makes the loess with great risk of catastrophic changes under dynamic action. In order to study the influence of the natural structure of loess on its dynamic properties, the test was conducted on the loess at the near-fault site of the Lishan piedmont fault to analyze the influence of soil structure disturbance on the dynamic properties of loess. The test adopts dynamic triaxial test system. The results show that the soil structure disturbance has a large effect on the dynamic shear modulus of the loess, while it has little effect on the damping ratio. Under low confining pressure, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of original loess is smaller than that of remodeled loess. Under the high confining pressure, the original loess is larger than the remodeled loess. When the confining pressure is 400 kPa, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the original loess is 93.28 MPa, which is 53.8% larger than that of the remodeled loess. When the dynamic strain reaches 0.15%, the difference between the damping ratio of the remodeled loess and the original loess is less than 0.04, and it can concluded that the soil structure disturbance has little effect on the loess in the Lishan piedmont fault.

The petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic ophiolitic melanges in the western section of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (YZSZ) remain controversial. In this paper, we present the results of whole-rock geochemical and Sr Nd isotope analyses, zircon U Pb ages and in situ Lu Hf isotopic data obtained from mafic rocks of the northern and southern sub-belts of the western YZSZ Mesozoic ophiolitic melanges to help us understand these controversial issues. Diabases and dolerites from the northern sub-belt and gabbros from the southern sub-belt exhibit variable fore-arc basalt (FAB)-like geochemical compositions and have zircon U Pb ages of ∼126.4–120.3 Ma. In addition, gabbro-diabases from the northern sub-belt have boninite series affinities and yield a zircon U Pb age of ∼125.7 Ma. These results, along with previous studies on the YZSZ Mesozoic ophiolitic melanges and the Gangdese arc, reveal that the western YZSZ Mesozoic ophiolites were likely generated over multiple stages in the epicontinental Gangdese fore-arc basin as the Yarlung Zangbo Neo-Tethyan Ocean subducted northward in front of the Lhasa terrane. The Early Cretaceous FAB-like and boninite series mafic rocks were formed by the reinitiation of subduction, which was followed by a retreat of the subduction zone and the creation of the fore-arc basin and strong hyperextension, accompanied by asthenosphere upwelling at ∼130–120 Ma. During this process, the upwelling asthenosphere underwent decompressional melting with limited penetration of slab-derived fluids and gave rise to the N-MORB (normal mid-ocean ridge basalt)-like basaltic magmas that intruded the overlying, previously generated depleted mantle as FAB-like gabbro, diabase and dolerite sills or dykes. Then, boninitic magmas represented by boninitic gabbro-diabases were generated by remelting the extremely depleted residual mantle source, which was metasomatized by a small amount of slab-derived fluids, following previous extractions of FAB-like magma.

The coupled and coordinated development of urban resilience and new urbanization is an important guarantee for the realization of urban security and sustainable development. This paper first constructs an evaluation index of urban resilience and new urbanization and uses the entropy method to clarify the weights. Second, the coupling coordination degree model is used to measure the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of the coupling coordinated development of urban resilience and new urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2019. The key influencing factors of the coupling coordination are analyzed using geodetectors. The results show the following. (1) The urban resilience of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has continued to improve, showing a stepwise distribution pattern of “high in the east and low in the west” in space. The overall development of new urbanization is at a medium–high level, with high levels concentrated in the eastern coastal cities. (2) The degree of spatial coupling and coordination between urban resilience and new urbanization is increasing year by year, and there is significant spatial heterogeneity, showing the pattern of “high in the east and low in the west, high in the center and low in the surrounding areas”, and the type of lag is mostly urban resilience lag in new urbanization. (3) Endogenous power, external power, government power and market power interact to jointly promote the development of coupling coordination. The comprehensive effect of government power and other driving forces is the key mechanism for improving spatial coupling coordination.

Objective: To determine whether biopsychosocial factors are associated with sexual activity and contraceptive utilization among homeless shelter adolescents. Methods: A retrospective study of 440 adolescents at a shelter in Pennsylvania between February 2015 and September 2019 was conducted. The cohort was evaluated to determine what relationship age, gender identity, substance use, and trauma history have with sexual activity and contraceptive utilization. Results: Sexual activity was significantly related to age (mean 15.8+1.4 years in sexually active vs. 14.7+1.6 years in abstinent youth, p

The frequency and contextual predictability of words have a fundamental role in determining where and when the eyes move during reading in both alphabetic and non-alphabetic languages. However, surprising little is known about the how the influence of these variables develops, although this is important for understanding how children learn to read. Accordingly, to gain insight into their use during reading development, we examined the effects of orthogonally manipulating the frequency and contextual predictability of a specific target word in sentences on the eye movements of developing Chinese readers. The findings show that both factors influence eye movement behavior associated with the early processing of words during reading, but that effects of contextual predictability are mediated by the lexical frequency of words. We consider these effects in the context of visual and linguistic demands associated with reading Chinese and in relation to current models of eye movement control during reading.

Background Long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (lncRNA-UCA1) is generally recognized as an oncogenic molecule in several human malignant tumors. However, the available evidence does not necessarily imply an unequivocal causal function of UCA1 in glioblastoma. The current study was aimed to probe the biological function of lncRNA-UCA1 in human glioblastoma cell lines. Besides, we further investigated the potential mechanisms. Methods Cell viability, apoptosis, as well as migration and invasion were measured using a commercial cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and 24-Transwell assay, respectively. LncRNA-UCA1, microRNA-193a (miR-193a), and CDK6 at messenger RNA levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Protein level was examined by Western blot analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation was utilized to validate lncRNA-UCA1 associated with miR-193a. Luciferase activity assay was used to identify the miR-193a-targeted CDK6 3'-untranslated region. Results lncRNA-UCA1 knockdown weakened cell viability, augmented apoptosis progression, as well as suppressed migration and invasion behaviors in glioblastoma cells, whereas lncRNA-UCA1 silence exhibited the opposite functions. lncRNA-UCA1 functioned as an endogenous sponge of miR-193a. miR-193a silence reversed the biological function of lncRNA-UCA1 knockdown on U-118 MG cells. miR-193a negatively regulated the expression of CDK6, and it affected the U-118 MG cells through regulating CDK6 expression. CDK6 overexpression abrogated the blockage of PI3K/AKT, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Notch signaling pathways. Furthermore, lncRNA-UCA1 and miR-193a could affect these signaling cascades through regulating CDK6 expression. The regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-UCA1 were further consolidated in clinical specimens. Conclusion lncRNA-UCA1 silence reduced cell viability, promoted apoptosis progression, while impeding the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells by miR-193a-mediated silence of CDK6, with blockage of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and Notch pathways.

Glioma is a serious malignant tumor without effective therapies till now. lncRNA PEG10 was reported to have some biological activities in cancers. Hence, we explored the effects of PEG10 on the human glioma cell line U251 cells. U251 cells were transfected with sh-PEG10 and/or miR-506 inhibitor. The expression of PEG10 and miR-506 was measured by qRT-PCR. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and Transwell chamber assay, respectively. The cell proliferation and apoptosis related p16, p53, Bcl-2, Bax, and pro-/Cleaved-Caspase-3/9, migration and invasion related-protein: matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-9 and vimentin, and Raf/MEK/ERK and JAK1/STAT3 pathways-related proteins were accessed by Western blot. Transfection with sh-PEG10 inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, and increased cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, PEG10 silence upregulated the expression of p16 and p53, Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3/9 expression, and downregulated Bcl-2 expression. PEG10 silence upregulated miR-506 expression. Co-transfection with sh-PEG10 and miR-506 inhibitor impaired the tumor suppressive effects. PEG10 knockdown decreased the phosphorylation of Raf/MEK/ERK and JAK1/STAT3-related proteins Raf, MEK, ERK, JAK1 and STAT3. PEG10 knockdown inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, induced cell apoptosis through miR-506 upregulation, as well as inactivation of Raf/MEK/ERK and JAK1/STAT3 signal pathways.

The seismic response of an active ground fissure site was simulated by a shaking table test and a FLAC3D numerical simulation model. Coupled dynamic ground motions of earthquake and fissure activity were loaded on the model. The characteristics of the fissure site, that is, the movement of the hidden fissure, the uneven subsidence, the acceleration and the lateral and vertical soil pressures, were monitored and analyzed. The following observations were made from this study. The subsidence of the hanging wall was greater than that of the footwall. The stretch caused by the uneven subsidence led to the appearance of the hidden fissure and the gradual widening of the fissure. The peak acceleration in the hanging wall was larger than that of the footwall. The PGA increased with the height of the site. The magnification coefficient of the PGA had the largest value in the fissure, and the magnification coefficient of the PGA decreased with earthquake intensity. The increments of lateral and vertical soil pressure also increased with earthquake intensity. The vertical soil pressure at the location of the fissure was the largest. These dynamic characteristics are vital to the safety design of underground structures in a fissure site.

This paper studies the seismic response of an active ground fissure site subjected to earthquake by the shaking table model test. The settlement was induced by the earthquake in the ground fissure site. The settlement increased with the earthquake peak acceleration. The differential settlement has a third-order polynomial relationship with the earthquake intensity. The process of the settlement has three periods, including the rapid deformation stage, the stable deformation stage, and the accelerated development stage. The greatest settlement is in the hanging wall close to the fissure. The secondary fissures and new cracks developed and appeared during the earthquake. The high frequency component of the wave was reduced from the bottom to the top of the site and the low frequency component was amplified. The Fourier amplitude gradual increases correspond to the earthquake acceleration. The results discovery the relationship of subsidence, widen of fissure and the earthquake. It is contribute to the metro design of the fissure area.

Introduction Homeless youth are a vulnerable population. A volunteer clinic supported by medical students in northeastern Pennsylvania provides shelter and healthcare to adolescents seeking refuge. We set out to determine the immunization status of youth in the shelter and evaluate for associations of immunization deficiency with demographics or biopsychosocial factors. Methods After IRB approval, a retrospective cohort study was performed from existing clinical records at the shelter 2/2015-9/2019. Chart abstraction included variables such as demographics (including age, sex, and race/ethnicity), biopsychosocial factors (including childhood trauma/abuse history, substance abuse history, and sexual activity), and immunization history. Results A total of 440 charts were analyzed. When comparing demographics of patients that had complete vaccine regimens versus those who did not, the race was statistically significant (p=.006). The most prominent difference in race was seen for Black/African American patients; only 19.57% had a completed vaccine regimen documented. Regarding immunization history, vaccine schedules of hepatitis B, measles mumps rubella (MMR), inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), and varicella were most likely to be complete; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 13, rotavirus, influenza, and human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) were least likely. There was no association found between a completed vaccine regimen and biopsychosocial variables. A larger portion of females (37.35%) completed the HPV vaccine compared to males (23.14%) (p=.009). Conclusions In this single-site study, this vulnerable, at-risk population of sheltered adolescents lacked the vaccinations recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Racial disparities further compounded this vulnerability for Black/African American teens. Additionally, a significantly greater number of female patients received the HPV vaccine compared to males.

International audience; Triclosan and isoniazid are known antitubercular compounds that have proven to be also active against Leishmania parasites. On these grounds, a collection of 37 diverse 1,2,3-triazoles based on the antitubercular molecules triclosan and 5-octyl-2-phenoxyphenol (8PP) were designed in search of novel structures with leishmanicidal activity and prepared using different alkynes and azides. The 37 compounds were assayed against Leishmania donovani, the etiological agent of leishmaniasis, yielding some analogs with activity at micromolar concentrations and against M. tuberculosis H37Rv resulting in scarce active compounds with an MIC of 20 μM. To study the mechanism of action of these catechols, we analyzed the inhibition activity of the library on the M. tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase (ENR) InhA, obtaining poor inhibition of the enzyme. The cytotoxicity against Vero cells was also tested, resulting in none of the compounds being cytotoxic at concentrations of up to 20 μM. Derivative 5f could be considered a valuable starting point for future antileishmanial drug development. The validation of a putative leishmanial InhA orthologue as a therapeutic target needs to be further investigated

Complement is a key component of the innate immune system. Inappropriate complement activation underlies the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. Complement component 5 (C5) is a validated therapeutic target for complement-mediated diseases, but the development of new therapeutics has been limited by a paucity of preclinical models to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of candidate therapies. The present report describes a novel humanized C5 mouse and its utility in evaluating a panel of fully human anti-C5 antibodies. Surprisingly, humanized C5 mice revealed marked differences in clearance rates amongst a panel of anti-C5 antibodies. One antibody, pozelimab (REGN3918), bound C5 and C5 variants with high affinity and potently blocked complement-mediated hemolysis in vitro. In studies conducted in both humanized C5 mice and cynomolgus monkeys, pozelimab demonstrated prolonged PK and durable suppression of hemolytic activity ex vivo. In humanized C5 mice, a switch in dosing from in-house eculizumab to pozelimab was associated with normalization of serum C5 concentrations, sustained suppression of hemolytic activity ex vivo, and no overt toxicity. Our findings demonstrate the value of humanized C5 mice in identifying new therapeutic candidates and treatment options for complement-mediated diseases.

Innovation is an inevitable way for cities to achieve sustainable development. The occurrence of innovation activities is a complex systemic behavior. Its spatial distribution has some location selection laws, which are the result of interaction and feedback between various spatial influence factors. We explain the impact mechanism from the microscale using a street unit in a city. Hangzhou was selected as a case study. First, we systematically selected factors influencing the spatial distribution of innovation activities as the independent variable based on the demands of innovation subjects. Patents were used as the dependent variable to represent the spatial distribution of innovation activities. Second, ensemble algorithms (Boosting) were used to analyze the influence contribution of independent variables to dependent variables. Then, based on the aspects of innovation driving force, which are innovation resources and innovation environments, relevant factors were divided into the following seven categories: innovation industry concentration, knowledge intensity, innovative talent resources, service facilities, external transportation convenience, public transportation convenience, and ecological environment. We interpreted the impact mechanism and made corresponding suggestions for urban innovation space planning.

The irrelevant speech effect (ISE) refers to the impairment of visual information processing by background speech. Prior research on the ISE has focused on short-term memory for visually presented word lists. The present research extends this work by using measurements of eye movements to examine effects of irrelevant background speech during Chinese reading. This enabled an examination of the ISE for a language in which access to semantic representations is not strongly mediated by phonology. Participants read sentences while exposed to meaningful irrelevant speech, meaningless speech (scrambled meaningful speech) or silence. A target word of high or low lexical frequency was embedded in each sentence. The results show that meaningful, but not meaningless, background speech produced increased re-reading. In addition, the appearance of a normal word frequency effect, characterised by longer fixation times on low- compared to high-frequency words, was delayed when meaningful or meaningless speech was present in the background. These findings show that irrelevant background speech can disrupt normal processes of reading comprehension and, in addition, that background noise can interfere with the early processing of words. The findings add to evidence showing that normal reading processes can be disrupted by environmental noise such as irrelevant background speech.