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A mild electrochemical method was developed for the direct C2 sulfonylation of heteroaromatic N‐oxides with sulfonyl hydrazides to obtain a serial of 2‐sulfonyl quinoline/pyridine derivatives. The method has simple conditions, using potassium carbonate as base, CH3CN/H2O (9 : 1) as solvent, and reacting for 3 h under 15 mA current to prepare expected products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple oxidative cross-coupling reaction between vinyl azides and sodium sulfinates was developed. This reaction uses commercial arylsulfinates that are more efficient, cheaper, and more stable as sulfonylation reagents, for efficiently, cheaply, and environmentally friendly synthesis of β-keto sulfones. And the reaction has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, good yield, and also has a wide range of functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying profound samples from celestial entities like the Moon and Mars offers a gateway to comprehending the chronicles of our solar system. These samples encapsulate the authentic geological insights from its inception. Nonetheless, procuring these invaluable scientific specimens demands attaining the desired depths and surmounting the formidable hurdle of penetrating through the extensive regolith layers. This study presents a novel concept for an autonomous self-burrowing drilling system based on the Archimedes screw principle. The drilling robot is designed in a mole-type configuration and employs an innovative dual-Archimedes screw (or dual-screw) regolith conveying method. A prototype of the robot is developed, designed, and manufactured. To assess the robotic system's performance, a model is formulated to represent the drilling load within the regolith and is derived accordingly. A ground test platform is established to validate both the analytical model and the mechanical capabilities of the robotic system, using in-house lunar regolith simulants CSU-LRS-1. The robot undergoes a parametric analysis under specific manipulation modes. The experimental results unveil the intricate nature of the drilling load, influenced by the varying kinematic states of the conveyed regolith. Additionally, the mechanical specific energy approach is introduced to enhance the understanding of how controlled dual-screw rotation affects the robot's drilling resistance and operational efficiency. The proposed drilling load model concurs with the observed trend of drilling load changes as depth increases. The research, covering theory and experimentation, is dedicated to overcoming critical obstacles in the envisioned lunar deep drilling system. This will propel the advancement of multi-depth sampling technology and deep directional drilling or locomotion capabilities. • A dual-Archimedes-screw lunar subsurface drilling robotic mole is developed. • Proposed design and its modeling are experimentally validated with lunar simulant. • Drilling reactions are strongly related to rotational speed ratio of dual screws. • This design consumes less energy than single-screw coring tube for penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]