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Improving the livability and sustainability of the dense urban environments in the old town of cities has been a focus of attention in urban planning, particularly from the perspective of optimizing facility distribution. Given the study about how to understand the relationship between dense urban form and community facility distribution under the premise of satisfying the walking distance is limited, which caused a lack of basis for environment renewal and facility planning. This study uses Fuzhou, China as a case study and proposes a comprehensive spatial analysis framework based on a walking-based measurement, which combines the quantification of urban form metrics, density analysis, network analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and fine-scale multi-source dataset. Results show that there is a close spatial correlation between the dense urban form and community facility distribution; a few correlations between dense urban form metrics and density of community facilities are significant, i.e., community facilities tend to gather in areas with high distribution density and volume density of surrounding buildings and residential areas, and areas with high flow and visibility of surrounding intersections. These findings contribute to making effective planning interventions for enhancing dense urban form and optimizing the distribution of community facilities, so as to attract and promote the site selection of facilities, and ultimately improve the livability and sustainability of the old town’s environment.

The rapidly expanding road network has resulted in the separation of the urban ecological landscape. To assess the potential implication of the road systems on the landscape ecological risk, the corridor cutting degree model based on roadway impact zones was introduced, and the effects of the road system on the landscape pattern change were analyzed in Fuzhou City, China, in 2000, 2010, and 2020. Meanwhile, through spatial auto-correlation analysis and a geographical detector model, it was shown that there was a link between the characteristics of the road network and the temporal and spatial distribution of landscape ecological risk index, and the main determinants of landscape ecological risk were identified. The outcome indicated that (1) the intermediate cutting had the greatest impact on the ecological landscape of the four corridor cutting modes of the road network. Furthermore, the land types with a higher corridor cutting degree index were woodland, cultivated land, and grassland, accounting for 35.23%, 33.61%, and 5.95% of the total cutting areas, respectively, and the landscape fragmentation was relatively serious. (2) Fuzhou’s landscape ecological risk has significantly increased over the past 20 years, with sub-high-risk and high-risk areas experiencing increases of 9.47% and 7.63%, respectively, and the spatial distribution pattern being primarily high-high and low-low clustering. (3) Corridor cutting degree index (CCI) and distance from sampling point to road (shortest distance) were two key factors that altered the geographic distribution of ecological risk in the landscape, and they showed a positive and negative connection, respectively. (4) In the geographic distribution of landscape ecological risk, the interaction between CCI and land type, or shortest distance and land type, was much higher than that of other components, with an explanation rate of more than 22%. The study findings could provide a scientific basis for integrated transportation and ecological restoration strategies in national space.

Day care centers for the elderly (DC centers) in the Tokyo metropolitan area are urgently needed with the increasing population of elderly people. The departments have tried to make efficient use of existing kindergartens as potential locations of DC centers, considering the shortage of available new sites for DC centers. The present study aims to identify the potential location of DC centers from the existing kindergartens by means of spatial distributive evaluation. Based on the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), an integrated framework consisting of two models has been proposed. The first model is the enhanced spatial equity measurement (ESEM) which is employed to calculate the spatial equity indices (SEI) of DC centers and the second is the potential evaluation (PE) which is employed to calculate the priority values of identified kindergartens, combining the site selection of DC centers and the use of kindergartens. The results show that with the dynamic change of demand population from 2015 to 2030, the distribution of spatial SEI and priority values is diverse. And 21,18, 22 potential locations of DC centers are identified respectively in the year 2015, 2020, and 2030. This study aims to help the departments improve the site selection of health care facilities, especially for those dedicated to the elderly.

The pace of cross-border sub-regional cooperation is accelerating in the worldwide; ways of institutional cooperation guided by policy has become the trend of regional development gradually. The collaborative development of urban planning system is one of deciding factors in sub-regional cooperation. Fujian and Taiwan have deep connections and the strategic visions of cross-strait cooperation was formed. The approval of Pingtan Experimental Area provided conditions and spaces for the realization of cooperation and it proposed a new pattern of joint planning, development and management in the same year. Based on that, this study attempts to find and analyze the collaboration points which are significant to promote joint management by making a comparison of system of laws and regulations, system of operation and system of administration in urban planning system between the mainland China and Taiwan. Then we will build an operational framework of sub-regional cooperation based on the method of shift-of-context analysis. Related references are including: (1) Add necessary control requirements of building and land use into legal aspects; (2) Strengthen the connections between master plan and detailed planning; (3) Set up special departments for planning review under legal management in administrative cooperation; (4) Implement management for various lands in the same way to promote overall effective development of Pingtan.

金沢大学理工研究域環境デザイン学系, Social welfare and public health departments require reliable assessments to enhance the rationality of phased construction of special elderly nursing homes (SENHs). This paper aims to assess the allocation of SENHs based on a beds-needed index for SENHs (BNIS). This may help departments determine the priority for approving locations of SENHs more accurately with a limited budget. Traditional assessments in Tokyo use the sphere of welfare, ward, and sphere of daily life as spatial units for estimating beds-to-elderly population ratios. We calculate the BNIS by introducing a parameter-improved floating catchment area method (PI-FCA) at a smaller spatial unit, the Chome. In the PI-FCA, the catchment area is generated according to the standard of average population served by SENHs and capacity, the population demand is the population of the elderly requiring care levels 3-5 and is further modified by a coefficient of potential demand via building a multivariate linear model. Improved results were obtained using the PI-FCA. Finally, this study maps the distribution of the degree of BNIS, to provide a basis for the allocation assessment of SENHs. This caters to the needs of departments and is easily applicable in other public healthcare facilities. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.