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In the context of carbon neutrality and urbanization, there is a notable research gap regarding the carbon sequestration benefits of urban forests and the identification of suitable tree species for achieving sustainable carbon sequestration. In this study, we examined the dynamics and drivers of urban forest carbon sequestration in Shanghai, one of the most urbanized cities in China. First, we compiled a comprehensive field inventory data set spanning 20 years for the Shanghai Green Belt. Second, we quantified and compared the total carbon accumulation and growth rates of six monoculture forests and two mixed forest types consisting of six common tree species. Third, we conducted drivers analysis of the effects of stand-related and anthropogenic factors on carbon accumulation and growth rates. Overall, our results revealed that each forest type exhibited a unique growth pattern of tree biomass carbon (TBC), with the Chapman–Richards growth function providing an accurate representation of carbon dynamics. During the early stages of development (within 20 years), the carbon accumulation rate of Populus L. reached 4.13 Mg ha−1 yr−1, which was approximately 127 % higher than that of broadleaf mixed forests. In late stages, the potential tree biomass carbon accumulation of broadleaf mixed forests reached 172.8 Mg ha−1, which was 34 % higher than that of Populus L. over the entire growth cycle. Forest types, stand age, canopy density class, ownership, closure management, strongly influence the accumulation rates of TBC. Overall, these findings contribute to the understanding of the advantages of mixed and monoculture plantations for carbon sequestration, and these results can be used to predict future patterns of carbon storage in urban forests in Shanghai.

Objective: To describe cardiovascular pharmacological support in infants born at 3 days. Prolonged cardiovascular pharmacological support (>3 days) was independently associated with lower rates of survival without morbidity in very-low-birth-weight infants, compared with infants with shorter durations. Dopamine was the most commonly used cardiovascular agent. The cardiovascular pharmacological support rates varied from 1.9 to 65.8% among the participating NICUs.Conclusions: The rate of cardiovascular pharmacological support within the first postnatal week was high with prolonged durations in Chinese NICUs. Marked variation in cardiovascular support existed among participating NICUs. Cardiovascular pharmacological support during the early postnatal period, especially prolonged, may be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.Clinical Trial Registration: The original trial was registered as “Reduction of Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Units using the Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality” (ID: NCT02600195) on clinicaltrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02600195?term=NCT02600195&draw=2&rank=1.