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Liver disorders represent a significant global health burden, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic interventions. Vaccaria pyramidata, a perennial plant with rhizomatous roots, has a rich history in traditional medicine, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities. This study delved into the hepatoprotective potential of an ethanolic extract derived from Vaccaria pyramidata roots using a CCl4-induced liver injury model in Wistar albino rats. Pretreatment with the ethanolic extract of Vaccaria pyramidata roots demonstrated remarkable hepatoprotective effects, significantly attenuating CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Notably, the extract exhibited superior efficacy in reducing elevated serum enzyme levels, including serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, compared to untreated toxic rats. Furthermore, administration of the extract led to a substantial decrease in direct bilirubin levels, highlighting its potential in ameliorating liver dysfunction. Intriguingly, the ethanolic extract of Vaccaria pyramidata roots exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its ability to scavenge free radicals in DPPH and ABTS assays, along with a high total flavonoid content. Additionally, the extract demonstrated efficacy in reducing triglyceride levels, suggesting potential lipidlowering effects. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic potential of Vaccaria pyramidata root ethanolic extract as a novel hepatoprotective agent. Further research is warranted to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action and explore its clinical applications in the management of liver disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrazole scaffolds have emerged as a promising frontier in drug discovery, offering a rich source of chemical diversity and pharmacological activity. This review explores the synthesis, biological significance, medicinal chemistry strategies, computational approaches, recent advances, and future perspectives of pyrazole-based compounds in pharmacotherapy. The chemical structure and properties of pyrazole scaffolds are examined, highlighting their structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and synthetic routes. The biological significance of pyrazole derivatives is elucidated through an exploration of their targeted receptors, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic potential in anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and other disease contexts. Medicinal chemistry strategies utilizing pyrazole scaffolds, including structureactivity relationship studies, pharmacophore mapping, and molecular docking simulations, are discussed for rational drug design and optimization. Case studies of pyrazole-derived drugs, emerging trends and applications are presented to underscore the diverse pharmacological activities and clinical applications of pyrazole-based compounds. Computational approaches in pyrazole-based drug design, such as molecular modeling techniques, virtual screening methods and quantitative structureactivity relationship studies, are examined for their role in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel therapeutics. Future perspectives on the potential for future drug development, integration with emerging technologies and concluding remarks highlight the significance of pyrazole scaffolds in addressing unmet medical needs and advancing precision medicine. In conclusion, pyrazole scaffolds represent a promising avenue for the development of novel therapeutics with enhanced efficacy, selectivity and safety profiles, shaping the future of pharmacotherapy in the evolving landscape of modern medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]