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The entrepreneurship development programme of government and non-government organisations aims at the generation of income and improving the standard of living of members. It consists of packages of incentives, subsidies, concessions, infrastructural facilities, technical, managerial guidance, training, etc., through a network of organisations for supporting entrepreneurship development (Solanki et al., 2018). The Government of India is offering easy loans for self-employment purpose to deal with the problem of unemployment, women empowerment, and economic growth. To achieve the objective, mere allocation of finances is not sufficient as it may lead to misuse of funds so the microfinance institutions besides allocating funds also offer training programmes to its beneficiaries. The present study tries to identify the development of basic skills among the beneficiaries and their satisfaction level towards these training programmes which is essential for the development of skills to utilise of funds for productive purposes leading to self-employment and income generation. The study is conducted at three districts of Uttar Pradesh, i.e., Lucknow, Barabanki, and Raebarelli. The responses of 75 women beneficiaries of training programmes from microfinance institutions were collected through field work. The study finds out that microfinance institutions play an important role in the development of entrepreneurial skills among its beneficiaries by imparting training and counselling & guidance sessions for self-employment and income generation and most of the beneficiaries are found to be highly satisfied with the training programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Syeedun Nisa The ecosystem, all over the world, is under severe stress because of unprecedented population growth and increase in economic activity, which have pushed the world to limits that it could not handle. The cost of inaction, that is the business-as-usual path, could be huge and in fact, globally destabilising. The likely effect of inaction is global warming, which will affect food production, access to water, ecosystem functioning, extreme weather events like typhoons and hurricanes. Although modest in its ambition, the Kyoto Protocol was the first step towards mitigating global warming impacts. This paper aims at discussing climate change and its impact with focus on Kyoto Protocol. It also suggests a few points for post Kyoto Protocol agreement. The paper briefly outlines the Indian experience of disasters, discusses infrastructural, institutional and financial arrangements for disaster management, and proposes post disaster strategic measures in order to promise safer environment for the country.

Emerging exchange rate volatility and the uncertainty in exchange rate markets have become issue of concern for all countries, but these issues are intractable substantially for developing countries. This paper analyses the relationship between exchange rate and gross domestic product, external debt, foreign exchange reserve, interest rate, money supply in India covering the period 2008-2018. This study utilized time-series Vector Error Correction Model approach of unit root test, co-integration test, residual test and granger casualty test. The findings indicated that external debt and interest rate influences the exchange rate as displayed by Granger casualty test. Subsequently, exchange rate influences external debt, interest rate and money supply as shown by Granger casualty test. Taking into account a long-term relationship, external debt, foreign exchange reserves and interest rate moves positively however, gross domestic product and money supply moves negatively with exchange rate volatility in India. Future researchers should try to cover longer duration of study of above 10 years with different variable like crude oil price, trade balance, and foreign institutional investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on economic exposure management has expanded to a great extent during the last decade. Corporate managers and practitioners have shown interest in examining economic exposure as they have realized the consistency of the concept, with the objective of maximizing the long-term economic value of the firm. In the present paper, a normative view of economic exposure is considered. The paper primarily reviews the identification and assessment of economic exposure and discusses the available models for the measurement of economic exposure. The paper also identifies the gaps in the existing literature and suggests directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When enterprises compete using business models that differ from one another, the outcomes are difficult to predict. One business model may appear superior to others when analyzed in isolation but create less value than the others when interactions are considered. Or rivals may end up becoming partners in value creation. Appraising models in a stand-alone fashion leads to faulty assessments of their strengths and weaknesses and bad decision making. This is a big reason why so many new business models fail. The study identified five important components--economic, social, environmental, holistic and business/commercial characteristics to analyze the Sustainability Business Model (SBM) of the select companies. The first three characteristics, namely, economic, social and environmental are common to most of the SBM developed and they are also a part of sustainability reporting developed by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), a leading organization in the sustainability field which promotes the use of sustainability reporting as a way for organizations to become more sustainable and contribute to sustainable development. The fourth characteristic, holistic, is added by Stubbs and Cocklin (the modified version of Stubbs and Cocklin SBM model is analyzed in the present research). The fifth characteristic, business/commercial characteristic is added as the study aimed at analyzing the relationship between commercial and sustainability characteristics of the select firms. The paper discusses whether there is a correlation between the various sustainability characteristics. It focuses on inter-firm differences in sustainability components of the business model of the select companies. It also deliberates whether there is a correlation between the various sustainability characteristics and how inter-firm differences affect the sustainability of the select companies identified in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a number of forces that shape the two-way interaction between business models of companies and the rules-based trading system. Implicit to the analysis is the question of whether the trade policies make significant contribution to shaping the business models of the companies. Two companies are selected for this study-Amul (GCMMF) and Nestle, one company has an Indian origin, while the other is a multinational company. Analysis based on information collected from secondary sources reveals that Amul grew in an environment backed by the cooperative movement and in a protectionist system of import restrictions but responded appreciably after the restrictions were withdrawn and the environment liberalized. Nestle, on the other hand, grew in a completely different fashion-a model based on inclusivity of community members and the milk district model. Nestle too had to change with policy shifts. The paper has its limitations in terms of the number of companies being analyzed but does draw the attention of the reader through different timelines and demonstrates how each one evolved and changed its business models with changes in policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The business model concept is becoming ever more popular within Industries, management and strategy literature. It is used in many areas of research, including both traditional strategy theory and modern business theories. However, the concept is often used separately from theory, hence, components of model and their interrelations are relatively indecipherable. Still researchers believe business model concept and its application in industries are all the more important for their success. This paper provides an idea of a conceptual business model and discusses its evolution. The paper also makes an attempt to define the components essential for the success of business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]