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Background: Common headache disorders, including tension-type migraines and cluster headaches, are related to malfunctions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Many autonomic signs of migraines aggravate the discomfort of the episode. Understanding the function and comorbidities of migraine patients depends on tests for assessing the cardiovascular autonomic responsiveness of the ANS. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of this study is to evaluate the use of cardiovascular reflex testing in adults with chronic migraine and healthy controls. Investigating inflammatory markers in individuals suffering from chronic migraines and controls. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy controls and 30 people suffering from persistent migraines were part of the research. Cardiovascular reflex tests were performed. Inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-10 were also evaluated. SPSS edition 21 was used for the statistical analysis. For parameters with normal and atypical distributions, the Mann--Whitney test and the unpaired t-test, respectively, were used. Results: Among 30 subjects, testing for autonomic reactivity related to chronic migraines revealed significantly lower values than those for control. Patients with chronic migraines had far more inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10. Conclusions: Revealing autonomic dysfunction, the group with chronic migraines had a lower parasympathetic tone and sympathoexcitation than the healthy control group. Future studies should concentrate on ANS dysfunction as a biomarker for early warning signals for drug intake and migraine control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex multisystem disease that affects around 1 million of the Indian population every year and is characterized by persistent fatigue. CFS is related to cardiovascular illness, and cardiovascular autonomic nervous system dysfunction is often seen. We investigated the state of cardiac autonomic function in CFS and associated it with their level of inflammatory markers and disease severity since there is not much research on the subject. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate cardiac autonomic functions by using heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with CFS and in healthy controls. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation between HRV and inflammatory markers in patients with CFS and in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Thirty controls and 30 diagnosed cases of CFS were used in the research. The short-term variability of heart rate was used to measure autonomic function. We measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-10) in 3 mL of overnight fasting serum. TNF-α and IL-10 were used to evaluate the severity of CFS. Results: Patients with CFS showed a substantial reduction in low frequency (LF) (P=0.00*), high frequency (HF) (P=0.00*), LF/HF ratio (P=0.00*), and time domain parameters of HRV, namely RMSSD (P=0.03*), SDNN (P=0.00*), NN50 (P=0.00*) and total power (P=0.00*). Patients with CFS had considerably higher levels of TNF-α. TNF-α and LF/HF ratio and RMSSD, NN50, and HF were shown to have a substantially favorable correlation. Conclusions: Our research indicates a substantial correlation between autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity, as well as the severity of CFS. Therefore, we suggest that HRV might be a useful technique for accurately screening CFS patients for autonomic disruption symptoms early on, which can significantly lower morbidity and death in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To observe the spectroscopic profile of human lens in different age groups and varying grades of cataract and to use the data to arrive at differentiating molecular biology. Design: An observational cross-sectional study. Methods: The study enrolled 30 patients (30 eyes) with a mean age of 59.6 years diagnosed with immature senile cataracts. The patients underwent small incision cataract surgery, and the harvested lens nuclei were examined under a Raman spectroscope for studying their molecular composition. The relative intensities of the peaks in the Raman spectra were evaluated and compared among different age groups and grades of cataract. A correlation of tyrosine doublet ratio with grade of cataract and age of the subject was calculated. Result: Several Raman spectral peaks were observed in the range of 600 cm-1 to 1800 cm-1 with correspondence to tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and amides I and III. A strong negative correlation between the grade of cataract and the ratio of tyrosine doublet was seen (r = -0.805). Also, a negative correlation between age and tyrosine ratio was seen (r = -0.62). The wavenumber/spectral peak of tryptophan was observed only in one sample, and amides I and III were identified, but the intensity of the peak for amide II was very small or absent. Conclusion: It was observed that the buried conformation of tyrosine was predominant in cases with a higher age or grade of cataract. The buried conformation of tryptophan became less in the higher grades of cataract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]