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Policies and measures for achieving a sustainable society have been proposed and established, one of which is to encourage longer product use through product design improvements described in the EU action plan for circular economy by European Commission (2015). Such product design improvements for longer product use probably require high-quality materials and retention and management of repair parts. These will lead to increase in production and management costs. Accordingly, the product design improvements for longer product use will also lead to product price increase which can be an incentive for longer product use. Therefore, analyzing impacts of product price increases on environment and economy in advance is beneficial to discuss achievements of a sustainable society. This study proposes an analytical framework for environmental and economic impacts of product price increases with a dynamic discrete choice model. Focusing on air conditioners in Japan as a case study, this study estimates impacts of the product price increase on product replacements of air conditioners. Based on the results, this study analyzed environmental (material consumptions and GHG emissions) and economic (monetary sales of air conditioners) impacts of the product price increase, and a trade-off among effects of the product price increase on the three factors are clarified.

Product lifetime extension would contribute to establishing a circular economy by reducing the environmental impacts of mass consumption. This study developed a product lifetime model that can explicitly deal with the proportion and the longer-use behaviors of different consumer segments. The developed model expressed the product lifetime distribution as the composite of two distribution functions for longer-use promoters and normal-use consumers. The model explicitly deals with two parameters of longer-use actions: increasing the proportion of longer-use promoters and prolonging product lifetimes. A scenario analysis with the developed model showed that if the proportion of longeruse promoters, who uses their products 1.4 times longer than normal consumers, increases to 20%, the domestic demand for new product and the EoL generation will decrease by approximately 5%–10%. The results demonstrated that the model can quantitatively analyze the effects on the domestic demand for new products and the EoL products generation by the tow parameters for longer-use actions. By incorporating this model into a material stock and flow analysis model, it will be possible to assess the effects of promoting longer-use of durable goods on natural resource consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, reduction of final disposal of wastes, etc

本研究では、入学まもない小学1年生の「体育」「音楽」の授業観察や担任による子どもの行動への気づきを通して、子どもたちの「とまどい」や「つまずき」はどのようなものがあるのかを明らかにし、学びの芽生えの軸における一貫したカリキュラムについて検討するものである。 授業観察の結果や、担任による子どもの行動への気づきから、様々な子どもの「とまどい」や「つまずき」があることが明らかになったが、教師はすでに適切な取り組みをしていた。しかしながら、それらの子どもたちの「つまずき」は 1学期が終わっても、そのまま継続しているものもあるため、子どもにとって高すぎる「段差」であるのか、それとも、時間が経てば乗り越えられるのかどうかは明らかではない。 今後も授業観察を通して、子どもたちがその「段差」を乗り越えていけるのかどうか、さらには、幼児期の体育・音楽などの楽しい遊びが小学校の教科における知的好奇心として学習に組み替えられるにはどのような課題があるのかについて検討していきたいと考えている。, The purpose of this study is to investigate what puzzlement or stumbling the 1st graders of elementary school would feel. Then, we will discuss the consistent curriculum focusing on the encouragement of children's learning. From the results of class observations and the class teachers' notice on their 1st graders' behaviors, it was revealed that the children felt various puzzlement or stumbling, although the teachers had already taken proper actions for it. However, since some of the children's problems (or "barriers") continue after the 1st term, it remained uncertain whether the problems were too hard for the children to overcome or solvable with the passage of time. In the future, we will continue to explore if the children will be able to overcome the problems by observing their classes in the next term.

書誌情報のみ, Bibliographic data Only