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Introduction Identifying accurate biomarkers for predicting response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a critical challenge. The protein SIRT1, recognized for its implications in longevity, has been associated with tumor promotion in ESCC. However, data regarding its correlation with CRT sensitivity remains unreported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SIRT1 expression and CRT sensitivity and concurrently assess the effect of SIRT1 knockdown on CRT sensitivity in ESCC. Methods This study included 73 patients who underwent radical esophagectomy after CRT. SIRT1 expression in pre-treatment endoscopic biopsies was assessed through immunostaining, followed by a comparative analysis of CRT effects on surgical specimens. Small interfering RNA was used to attenuate SIRT1 expression in TE5 and TE10 cells, which were then subjected to cisplatin treatment at varying doses and concentrations and irradiation with X-rays, respectively. Results High SIRT1 tissue expression was significantly associated with CRT resistance. Multivariate analysis identified high SIRT1 expression as an independent biomarker for poor CRT response. In TE-5 and TE-10 cells, SIRT1 knockdown significantly decreased cell viability and increased sensitivity to cisplatin and radiation treatment compared to that of the negative control. Conclusion Our study results demonstrate the potential of SIRT1 as a predictive biomarker for CRT response in ESCC, highlighting the heightened sensitivity to CRT upon the transcriptional inactivation of SIRT1. Targeting SIRT1 emerges as a promising strategy for enhancing the efficacy of CRT for ESCC., (S. Karger AG, Basel.)

A 69-year-old man was referred for vomiting. CT and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a circumferential stenotic lesion in the third portion of the duodenum, and partial duodenectomy and lymph node dissection were performed for the diagnosis of duodenal adenocarcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis was pT3, pN0, pStage ⅡA(UICC 8th)well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with FOLFOX as adjuvant chemotherapy and is alive 2 years and 4 months postoperatively without recurrence. Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma in the third portion is rare, and further case experience is required for selection of the operation and adjuvant therapy.

Background/aim: We lack reports on the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value of serum sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels and their association with SIRT1 expression in tissues of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Thus, we investigated the pathological characteristics and prognostic values of SIRT1 tissue expression and its serum concentration in GC. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between these two factors., Materials and Methods: A total of 78 patients with GC who underwent curative gastrectomy were evaluated in this study. The expression of SIRT1 in the surgical specimens was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Serum levels of SIRT1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association of tissue and serum SIRT1 with the clinicopathological features and prognosis were evaluated., Results: Positive SIRT1 tissue expression was significantly related to an advanced cancer stage (p=0.017). Furthermore, a significant relationship existed between a positive SIRT1 tissue expression and poorer overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (p=0.033 and p=0.033, respectively). In contrast, serum SIRT1 levels showed no significant association with clinicopathological characteristics besides age. In addition, no significant correlation was observed between tissue SIRT1 expression and serum SIRT1 concentration., Conclusion: Tissue SIRT1 expression may be a valuable novel prognostic biomarker; nonetheless, further studies are required to clarify the relationship between tissue SIRT1 expression and serum SIRT1 levels in GC., (Copyright © 2023 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)