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Postharvest conservation methods such as heat shock can increase the nutritional profile of fruits, inducing greater accumulation of antioxidants that participate in the physiological maintenance of fruits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of “Sweet Grape” tomatoes treated with heat shock in pre-storage. “Sweet Grape” tomatoes were heat shocked in hot water (45°C) for 10 min. and stored at room temperature for 9 days. β-carotene, ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) were evaluated every 3 days. The pulp and skin of the treated tomatoes had higher β-carotene content than the control during storage, according to the findings. The content of total phenolic compounds in the pulp reduced, regardless of the treatment. There was a reduction of ascorbic acid, but with significantly higher values ​​in the fruits treated on the third and sixth days of storage. The DPPH antioxidant activity of the pulp decreased, regardless of the treatment. In the skin there was a significant effect of the treatment until the sixth day. There was no variation in the ABTS antioxidant activity of the pulp of the treated tomatoes. There was no significant effect of heat shock on the FRAP antioxidant activity of the pulp until the sixth day. Heat shock promoted an increase in β-carotene in tomato skin, which was related to increases in its DPPH antioxidant activity. The heat shock treatment promoted greater retention of ascorbic acid in the fruit, but it was not able to avoid its reduction during storage. The tomatoes’ antioxidant biochemical response to heat shock is most expressed in their skin.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be produced through an easy and safe process called green synthesis and have been considered an efficient antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles green synthesized with E. tirucalli (aveloz) can be a promising technique for preserving stored strawberries. The objective of this work was to perform a green synthesis of AgNPs with aveloz extract (Av) and evaluate its effect on the physiology and preservation of stored strawberries. Silver nitrate was reduced with Av to produce Av-AgNPs. The Av-AgNPs were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, and laser diffraction. The in vitro antifungal activity of Av-AgNPs was evaluated against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer. Strawberries were treated with Av-AgNPs and stored (5 °C) for 12 days. Respiratory rate, decay, fresh mass loss, firmness, total phenolics and antioxidant activity of the strawberries were evaluated. According to the results, Av-AgNPs synthesis was performed, and it presented sizes between 40 and 90 nm. Av-AgNPs inhibited B. cinerea but was less effective for R. stolonifer. Total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, fresh mass loss and firmness of strawberries were not influenced by Av-AgNPs. Treated strawberries had a lower respiratory rate than the control and showed no symptoms of microbiological deterioration until 9 days of storage, while in the control the deterioration symptoms started after 3 days. This study showed that the green synthesis of AgNPs with Av produced nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm, and that they were effective against strawberries decay during storage, indicating to be a promising protection technique against decay.

To Know the behavior shown in seed germination and emergence of Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde enables develop strategies to reduce the seed bank in cultivated areas. The aim of this research was to evaluate the germination and emergence of weed biotypes of D. insularis susceptible and resistant to glyphosate in two substrates. The experiment was divided into two stages (germination test in BOD and emergence in sand box). In both phases of the study, it was used a completely randomized experimental design, with two treatments (weed biotypes of D. insularis susceptible and resistant to glyphosate) and ten replications. The work was done in the State University of Western Paraná, Brazil, Post-Graduation in Agronomy, between July 2018 and December 2018. In the two tests the experimental units consisted of 25 seeds of D. insularis, evenly distributed. In the germination test was evaluated the first count and the index of germination speed. In the same way, for the emergency test was evaluated the first count and the index of emergence speed. It was also calculated the germination and the emergence percentage, total number of germinated seeds, total number of emerged plants. Differences were observed in the first count, index of germination speed and germination percentage, seeds of D. insularis susceptible and resistant to glyphosate. During the first count, susceptible biotype showed higher germination, with 78% of compared to resistant. Similar behavior was observed for the index of germination speed and for the germination percentage, in which the susceptible biotype surpassed in 80.4% and 47%, respectively, the resistant biotype. Conclusion: The selection of D. insularis biotypes resistant to glyphosate affects the germination and emergence, the species in relation to the original population of susceptible biotypes. For each 100 seeds of the biotype resistant to glyphosate 53 seeds of them germinate and 32.6 seeds can emerge.

Introduction: Soy is an agricultural crop that has great economic importance. The analysis considering the cultivated area, the production and the yield of grains contributes to research and transfer of technology to the producers. Aims: To adjust the mathematical model using simple linear regression analysis and correlation between the variables of planted area, production and productivity, in the state of Paraná and Brazil, in the last two decades. Study Design: Data collection and research of information on the cultivation of soybeans in the state of Paraná and in Brazil on official websites Place and Duration of Study: State University of Western Paraná, Post-Graduation in Agronomy, between July 2018 and December 2018. Methodology: Data were obtained from the Portal of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics between 1997 and 2017. Simple linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Results: By analyzing the results, it is possible to observe significant increases in soybean production in both Paraná and Brazil over this 20-year period. Paraná achieved a 205% increase in planted area, 290% in production and 141% in average yield. Conclusion: The simple linear regression and correlation analysis showed an adjustment between the cultivated area, the production and the average productivity in the soybean crop in the period from 1997 to 2017.

Este trabalho teve como tematica a gestao do descarte de residuos solidos produzidos na area rural em municipios da regiao oeste do estado de santa catarina. Apesar da populacao residente em areas rurais representar uma porcentagem consideravel da populacao total e essa ter grande diversidade de atividades que geram diferentes residuos nestas areas, a coleta de lixo em areas rurais atinge somente 13,3% destes domicilios, o que acaba levando a populacao a nao ter alternativas ao descarte dos seus residuos. O descarte incorreto acaba gerando inumeros problemas ambientais que atingem nao somente os habitantes da zona rural. O objetivo deste presente estudo e compreender as percepcoes da populacao rural sobre as questoes ambientais que envolvam o lixo domestico na regiao oeste de santa catarina e identificar as diferentes formas de destino dado aos residuos solidos domesticos gerados pelas familias. Elaborou-se um questionario semi- estruturado com 16 questoes fechadas de multipla escolha aplicado por meio eletronico aos alunos do 1°, 2°, 3° anos do ensino medio e alunos do pos medio pertencentes a instituicao de ensino rural, sendo estes, orientados a responder o questionario junto aos seus familiares. Apos a reuniao dos questionarios, estes foram agrupados conforme a similaridade de perguntas e respostas. Observou-se que todos os respondentes declararam saber do que se trata a coleta seletiva, considerado esta como uma questao extremamente importante, sendo que 87,5% consideram que o lixo, o meio ambiente e a qualidade de vida das familias tem muita relacao entre si. Quando questionado as familias sobre a realizacao ou nao da separacao do lixo orgânico do lixo reciclavel, 68,6% respondeu que a separacao do lixo e realizada, 70,8% realiza a deposicao dos residuos orgânicos em hortas e 65,7% dos entrevistados alegou descartar o lixo produzido na propriedade atraves da coleta seletiva, o que difere do esperado ja que 57,1% disseram nao possuir em seu municipio servico publico de coleta domiciliar de lixo na zona rural, outros 17,1% utilizam do fogo como forma de descarte. Dos que realizam o descarte do lixo na propria propriedade, 71,4% alegam que o local de descarte nao fica proxima a residencia, e nao reune vetores associados a transmissao de doencas .Constatou-se que 80% dos entrevistados nunca recebeu a visita de algum orgao publico com o objetivo de orientar a respeito do assunto e 57,1% dos entrevistados disseram que nenhum dos membros da familia participou de algum evento ou palestra relacionado ao assunto educacao ambiental, no entanto apenas 42,8% dos entrevistados disseram que participariam de algum evento desta natureza. A conscientizacao da populacao ainda nao se encontra plenamente formada, sendo necessario atencao das autoridades em informacao a estas pessoas pois a educacao ambiental e alicerce para que eventuais politicas publicas que venham a ser aplicadas obtenham sucesso.

Brazil is one of the world's largest producers of sugarcane. Studies considering the production of a culture in informatic function of time allow to verify the behavior of it in a certain homologated. The aims of this work were to analyze the production of the states of Paraná, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, as well as the national production of sugarcane crops, based on statistical tools of regression analysis, and correlation. Sugar cane production data were collected from the Sugarcane Industry Union (UNICA). The work was done in the State University of Western Paraná, Post-Graduation in Agronomy, between July 2018 and December 2018. The data used were obtained from various institutions and, made available by the Sugarcane Industry Union (UNICA), constituting a historical series of 1980/81 to 2016/17. The regression models that best fit the states of Paraná and São Paulo were the linear model, with correlation equal to 0.9711 and 0.9934 respectively, while for Minas Gerais was the quadratic, with 0.9708 of correlation with the national production. The results obtained showed a greater similarity of the behavior of the production of São Paulo with the national, evidencing its importance in participating in the sugarcane agroindustry sector. Based on the regression and correlation analyses obtained, it was found that the state of Paraná and São Paulo obtained a behavior of sugarcane production like that of the national. In the sugarcane production of the state of Minas Gerais, the growth was observed only from the year 2000. Thus, it is concluded that the productions from the states of São Paulo and Paraná contributed more significantly to the national production of sugarcane in relation to the production of the state of Minas Gerais.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be produced through an easy and safe process called green synthesis and have been considered an efficient antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles green synthesized with E. tirucalli (aveloz) can be a promising technique for preserving stored strawberries. The objective of this work was to perform a green synthesis of AgNPs with aveloz extract (Av) and evaluate its effect on the physiology and preservation of stored strawberries. Silver nitrate was reduced with Av to produce Av-AgNPs. The Av-AgNPs were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, and laser diffraction. The in vitro antifungal activity of Av-AgNPs was evaluated against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer. Strawberries were treated with Av-AgNPs and stored (5 °C) for 12 days. Respiratory rate, decay, fresh mass loss, firmness, total phenolics and antioxidant activity of the strawberries were evaluated. According to the results, Av-AgNPs synthesis was performed, and it presented sizes between 40 and 90 nm. Av-AgNPs inhibited B. cinerea but was less effective for R. stolonifer. Total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, fresh mass loss and firmness of strawberries were not influenced by Av-AgNPs. Treated strawberries had a lower respiratory rate than the control and showed no symptoms of microbiological deterioration until 9 days of storage, while in the control the deterioration symptoms started after 3 days. This study showed that the green synthesis of AgNPs with Av produced nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm, and that they were effective against strawberries decay during storage, indicating to be a promising protection technique against decay.

Os resíduos gerados no sistema de produção agrícola causam impactos imensuráveis ao meio ambiente. O cultivo e o processamento de culturas como cana-de-açúcar, laranja, açaí e mandioca, geram resíduos como o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar e da laranja, o caroço do açaí e a manipueira da mandioca, os quais podem alterar todo o ecossistema se não submetidos ao tratamento adequado de resíduos. Além de criar potenciais problemas ambientais, representam perdas de matéria-prima e energia, mas também podem proporcionar ganhos em outras atividades se corretamente tratados e/ou descartados. A gestão dos resíduos potencializa o processo de tratamento e a disposição final dos resíduos agrícolas de forma a reduzir os impactos ambientais causados por seus descartes inadequados. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito de resíduos provenientes de atividades agrícolas, bem como mostrar alternativas já existentes, de tratamento e aproveitamento destes resíduos, como forma de reduzir o impacto ambiental destes ao meio ambiente.