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1. Metabolic syndrome and body weight in people living with HIV infection: analysis of differences observed in three different cohort studies over a decade

Author

Taramasso L., Bonfanti P., Ricci E., Maggi P., Orofino G., Squillace N., Menzaghi B., Madeddu G., Molteni C., Vichi F., Riguccini E., Saracino A., Santoro C., Guastavigna M., Francisci D., Di Biagio A., De Socio G. V., Sarchi E., Chichino G., Bolla C., Bellacosa C., Angarano G., Calza L., Farinazzo M., Angioni G., Gussio M., Celesia B. M., Falasca K., Mastroianni A., Guadagnino G., Salomoni E., Martinelli C., Dentone C., Bassetti M., Cenderello G., Pellicano G. F., Nunnari G., Valsecchi L., Cordier L., Parisini S., Rizzardini G., Rusconi S., Conti F., Bandera A., Gori A., Motta D., Puoti M., Migliorino G. M., Martini S., Cascio A., Trizzino M., Gulminetti R., Nofri M., Cibelli D., Parruti G., Mameli M. S., Taramasso L., Bonfanti P., Ricci E., Maggi P., Orofino G., Squillace N., Menzaghi B., Madeddu G., Molteni C., Vichi F., Riguccini E., Saracino A., Santoro C., Guastavigna M., Francisci D., Di Biagio A., De Socio G.V., Sarchi E., Chichino G., Bolla C., Bellacosa C., Angarano G., Calza L., Farinazzo M., Angioni G., Gussio M., Celesia B.M., Falasca K., Mastroianni A., Guadagnino G., Salomoni E., Martinelli C., Dentone C., Bassetti M., Cenderello G., Pellicano G.F., Nunnari G., Valsecchi L., Cordier L., Parisini S., Rizzardini G., Rusconi S., Conti F., Bandera A., Gori A., Motta D., Puoti M., Migliorino G.M., Martini S., Cascio A., Trizzino M., Gulminetti R., Nofri M., Cibelli D., Parruti G., Mameli M.S., Taramasso, L, Bonfanti, P, Ricci, E, Maggi, P, Orofino, G, Squillace, N, Menzaghi, B, Madeddu, G, Molteni, C, Vichi, F, Riguccini, E, Saracino, A, Santoro, C, Guastavigna, M, Francisci, D, Di Biagio, A, De Socio, G, Taramasso, Lucia, Bonfanti, Paolo, Ricci, Elena, Maggi, Paolo, Orofino, Giancarlo, Squillace, Nicola, Menzaghi, Barbara, Madeddu, Giordano, Molteni, Chiara, Vichi, Francesca, Riguccini, Erika, Saracino, Annalisa, Santoro, Carmen, Guastavigna, Marta, Francisci, Daniela, Di Biagio, Antonio, and De Socio, Giuseppe Vittorio

Subjects
Adult, Male, dyslipidaemia, antiretroviral therapy, HIV Infections, Overweight, Logistic regression, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, medicine, overweight, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Metabolic Syndrome, business.industry, Health Policy, Incidence (epidemiology), Body Weight, HIV, weight gain, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, metabolic syndrome, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Metabolic syndrome, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of being overweight and metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV (PHIV) in three different cross-sectional studies conducted over three different periods: 2005, 2011 and 2015. Methods: This was a multi-centre, nationwide study. Data were collected in three studies from the CISAI group - SIMOne, HIV-HY and STOPSHIV - and included a total of 3014 PHIV. Logistic regression [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)] was used to account for age and gender difference among three groups when comparing MS prevalence and being overweight; potential confounders were accounted for by including them in the regression equation. Results: Overall, the mean age was 46.9±10.2years, and men comprised 73.3% of participants. Comparing 2005, 2011 and 2015, MS was present in 34.5%, 33.0% and 29.3% of PHIV, respectively. Adjusted OR for MS was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.52-0.78) in 2011 and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46-0.69) in 2015 compared with 2005, while BMI (kg/m2 ) increased from 23.6 in 2005, 24.5 in 2011 and 24.5 in 2015, with a concomitant increase of being overweight from 29.4% to 39.5% to 39.6% (p&nbsp

Published
2021

2. Clusterization of co-morbidities and multi-morbidities among persons living with HIV: A cross-sectional study

Author

Maggi, P, Santoro, C, Nofri, M, Ricci, E, De Gennaro, N, Bellacosa, C, Schiaroli, E, Orofino, G, Menzaghi, B, Di Biagio, A, Squillace, N, Francisci, D, Vichi, F, Molteni, C, Bonfanti, P, Gaeta, G, De Socio, G, Maggi P., Santoro C. R., Nofri M., Ricci E., De Gennaro N., Bellacosa C., Schiaroli E., Orofino G., Menzaghi B., Di Biagio A., Squillace N., Francisci D., Vichi F., Molteni C., Bonfanti P., Gaeta G. B., De Socio G. V., Maggi, P, Santoro, C, Nofri, M, Ricci, E, De Gennaro, N, Bellacosa, C, Schiaroli, E, Orofino, G, Menzaghi, B, Di Biagio, A, Squillace, N, Francisci, D, Vichi, F, Molteni, C, Bonfanti, P, Gaeta, G, De Socio, G, Maggi P., Santoro C. R., Nofri M., Ricci E., De Gennaro N., Bellacosa C., Schiaroli E., Orofino G., Menzaghi B., Di Biagio A., Squillace N., Francisci D., Vichi F., Molteni C., Bonfanti P., Gaeta G. B., and De Socio G. V.

Abstract

Background: Among people living with HIV (PLWH), the prevalence of non-HIV related co-morbidities is increasing. Aim of the present study is to describe co-morbidity and multi-morbidity, their clustering mode and the potential disease-disease interactions in a cohort of Italian HIV patients. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis conducted by the Coordinamento Italiano per lo Studio di Allergia e Infezioni da HIV (CISAI) on adult subjects attending HIV-outpatient facilities. Non-HIV co-morbidities included: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, oncologic diseases, osteoporosis, probable case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, psychiatric illness, kidney disease. Multi-morbidity was defined as the presence of two or more co-morbidities. Results: One thousand and eighty-seven patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 47.9 ± 10.8). One hundred-ninety patients (17.5%) had no co-morbidity, whereas 285 (26.2%) had one condition and 612 (56.3%) were multi-morbid. The most recurrent associations were: 1) dyslipidemia + hypertension (237, 21.8%); 2) dyslipidemia + COPD (188, 17.3%); 3) COPD + HCV-Ab+ (141, 12.9%). Multi-morbidity was associated with older age, higher body mass index, current and former smoking, CDC stage C and longer ART duration. Conclusions: More than 50% of PLHW were multi-morbid and about 30% had three or more concurrent comorbidities. The identification of common patterns of comorbidities address the combined risks of multiple drug and disease-disease interactions.

Published
2019

3. Smoking habits in HIV-infected people compared with the general population in Italy: a cross-sectional study

Author

De Socio, G. V., Pasqualini, M., Ricci, E., Maggi, P., Orofino, G., Squillace, N., Menzaghi, B., Madeddu, G., Taramasso, L., Francisci, D., Bonfanti, P., Vichi, F., Dell'Omo, M., Pieroni, L., Santoro, C., Quirino, T., Farinazzo, M., Magne, F., Molteni, C., Malincarne, L., Riguccini, E., Nofri, M., Bagella, P., Mameli, M. S., Tiri, B., Guastavigna, M., De Socio, G, Pasqualini, M, Ricci, E, Maggi, P, Orofino, G, Squillace, N, Menzaghi, B, Madeddu, G, Taramasso, L, Francisci, D, Bonfanti, P, Vichi, F, Dell’Omo, M, and Pieroni, L

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, HIV Infections, 030312 virology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Tobacco, medicine, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Tobacco Smoking, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Smokers, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, lcsh:RA1-1270, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Lifestyle, Cardiovascular disease, Stratified sampling, AIDS, Smoking, Tobacco, Italy, Lifestyle, HIV, AIDS, Cardiovascular disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, Biostatistics, business, Demography, Research Article
Abstract

Background Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable diseases and death for all individuals, even more so for people living with HIV (PLWH), due to their status of chronic inflammation. To date, in Italy no study was performed to compare smoking habits in PLWH and the general population. We aimed to investigate smoking habits in PLWH, as compared to the general population. Methods Multi-center cross-sectional study. Smoking habits were compared between PLWH and the general population. PLWH were enrolled in the STOPSHIV Study. The comparison group from the general population was derived from a survey performed by the National Statistics Institute (ISTAT), with a stratified random sampling procedure matching 2:1 general population subjects with PLWH by age class, sex, and macro-area of residence. Results The total sample consisted of 1087 PLWH (age 47.9 ± 10.8 years, male 73.5%) and 2218 comparable subjects from the general population. Prevalence of current smokers was 51.6% vs 25.9% (p p p p p 20 cigarettes per day) (aOR = 4.84; 95% CI = 3.74–6.27; p p Conclusion HIV-infected patients showed a higher rate of current smokers, a larger number of cigarettes smoked and a lower quitting rate than the general population. Our findings emphasize the need for smoking cessation strategies targeting HIV persons.

Published
2020

4. Pengaruh Iklan Televisi Terhadap Kesadaran Merek Ford Ranger Berdasarkan Persepsi Pemirsa Televisi Cable di Kota Padang

Author

M, Nofri, M, Nofri

Subjects
H Social Sciences (General)
Abstract

Penelitian Ini Bertujuan Untuk Mengidentifikasikan Pengaruh Iklan Televisi Terhadap Kesadaran Merek Ford Ranger Berdasarkan Persepsi Pemirsa Televisi Cable Di Kota Padang. Iklan Merupakan Salah Satu Bentuk Khusus Komunikasi Untuk Memenuhi Fungsi Pemasaran. Iklan Adalah Salah Satu Alat Promosi Yang Bertujuan Untuk Menyampaikan Berita Atau Pesan Yang Ditujukan Pada Konsumen Melalui Media Komunikasi Baik Media Cetak Ataupun Media Elektronik .Salah Satu Iklan Yang Dinilai Besar Pengaruhnya Terhadap Konsumen Adalah Iklan Melalui Televisi. Dimensi Iklan Televisi Tersebut Antara Lain Daya Tarik Pesan, Latar Iklan, Musik Slogan" Picture ( Gambar), Colours (Konsep Warna). Hasil Penelitian Menunjukkan Bahwa Dimensi Iklan Televisi tersebut Secara Bersama-Sama Berpengaruh Terhadap Kesadaran Merek Ford Ranger Secara Signifikan. Artinya Dengan Adanya Iklan Televisi Akan Berpengaruh Terhadap Kesadaran Merek Ford Ranger Berdasarkan Persepsi Pemirsa Televisi Cable Di Kota Padang.

Published
2010

5. Clusterization of co-morbidities and multi-morbidities among persons living with HIV: a cross-sectional study

Author

Barbara Menzaghi, Nicola Squillace, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Nicolò De Gennaro, Elisabetta Schiaroli, Chiara Molteni, Paolo Maggi, Elena Ricci, Chiara Bellacosa, Antonio Di Biagio, Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio, Carmen Rita Santoro, Paolo Bonfanti, Marco Nofri, Giancarlo Orofino, Francesca Vichi, Daniela Francisci, Maggi, Paolo, Santoro, Carmen R., Nofri, Marco, Ricci, Elena, De Gennaro, Nicolò, Bellacosa, Chiara, Schiaroli, Elisabetta, Orofino, Giancarlo, Menzaghi, Barbara, Di Biagio, Antonio, Squillace, Nicola, Francisci, Daniela, Vichi, Francesca, Molteni, Chiara, Bonfanti, Paolo, Battista Gaeta, Giovanni, Vittorio De Socio, Giuseppe, Maggi, P, Santoro, C, Nofri, M, Ricci, E, De Gennaro, N, Bellacosa, C, Schiaroli, E, Orofino, G, Menzaghi, B, Di Biagio, A, Squillace, N, Francisci, D, Vichi, F, Molteni, C, Bonfanti, P, Gaeta, G, and De Socio, G

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Cross-sectional study, HIV Infections, Co-morbidity, Comorbidity, Disease-disease interaction, Clusterization, Disease-disease interactions, HIV, Multi-morbidity, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cluster Analysis, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Italy, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Multimorbidity, 0302 clinical medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, COPD, Diabetes Mellitu, Hepatitis C, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Human, Cohort study, Research Article, Chronic Obstructive, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infection, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Pulmonary Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, Cross-Sectional Studie, Cluster Analysi, business.industry, medicine.disease, Cohort Studie, business, Body mass index, Dyslipidemia
Abstract

Background Among people living with HIV (PLWH), the prevalence of non-HIV related co-morbidities is increasing. Aim of the present study is to describe co-morbidity and multi-morbidity, their clustering mode and the potential disease-disease interactions in a cohort of Italian HIV patients. Methods Cross-sectional analysis conducted by the Coordinamento Italiano per lo Studio di Allergia e Infezioni da HIV (CISAI) on adult subjects attending HIV-outpatient facilities. Non-HIV co-morbidities included: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, oncologic diseases, osteoporosis, probable case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, psychiatric illness, kidney disease. Multi-morbidity was defined as the presence of two or more co-morbidities. Results One thousand and eighty-seven patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 47.9 ± 10.8). One hundred-ninety patients (17.5%) had no co-morbidity, whereas 285 (26.2%) had one condition and 612 (56.3%) were multi-morbid. The most recurrent associations were: 1) dyslipidemia + hypertension (237, 21.8%); 2) dyslipidemia + COPD (188, 17.3%); 3) COPD + HCV-Ab+ (141, 12.9%). Multi-morbidity was associated with older age, higher body mass index, current and former smoking, CDC stage C and longer ART duration. Conclusions More than 50% of PLHW were multi-morbid and about 30% had three or more concurrent comorbidities. The identification of common patterns of comorbidities address the combined risks of multiple drug and disease-disease interactions.

Published
2019

6. Spontaneous abdominal bleeding associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence?

Author

Sposato B, Croci L, Di Tomassi M, Puttini C, Olivieri C, Alessandri M, Ronchi MC, Donati E, Garcea A, Brazzi A, Migliorini MG, Chigiotti S, Nikiforakis N, Carli T, Canneti E, Strambio F, Cellini C, Nardangeli C, Allegri MP, Bianchi F, Bettini C, Perruzza M, Lanzarone N, Valentini L, Orselli P, Solari M, Cardaci S, Nofri M, Angeli G, Mangani F, Aloia E, Lanari A, Corridi M, Spargi G, Perrella A, and Nencioni C

Subjects
Anticoagulants, Hemorrhage chemically induced, Humans, RNA, Viral, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Authors present 6 cases of abdominal bleeding associated with COVID-19, representing 1.35% of all hospitalized COVID-19 patients and hypothesize that there could be, although not very frequently, a relationship between SARS-CoV2 and bleeding. They excluded a side effect of the low molecular weight heparin therapy that all patients underwent during the course of the disease or other possible causes. Alterations of the coagulation state or a weakness of the vascular wall due toa presumed endotheliitis SARS-CoV-2 infection induced, are hypothesized by the authors. Investigation and follow-up for possible hemorrhagic problems in patients with COVID-19 is recommended. In particular, clinicians should be vigilant about retroperitoneal hemorrhage in COVID-19 patients. In addition to the fact that these patients are being treated with anticoagulants, anemia and abdominal pain are the signs that should lead us to suspect this type of haemorrhage. More studies are needed to understand if COVID-19 can be directly associated with bleeding. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Published
2021
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7. Is recurrence possible in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Case series and systematic review of literature.

Author

Gidari A, Nofri M, Saccarelli L, Bastianelli S, Sabbatini S, Bozza S, Camilloni B, Fusco-Moffa I, Monari C, De Robertis E, Mencacci A, and Francisci D

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Nasopharynx virology, RNA, Viral analysis, Recurrence, Vero Cells, Virus Replication, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 physiopathology, COVID-19 Testing statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Can a patient diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) be infected again? This question is still unsolved. We tried to analyze local and literature cases with a positive respiratory swab after recovery. We collected data from symptomatic patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Italian Umbria Region that, after recovery, were again positive for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract specimens. Samples were also assessed for infectivity in vitro. A systematic review of similar cases reported in the literature was performed. The study population was composed of 9 patients during a 4-month study period. Among the new positive samples, six were inoculated in Vero-E6 cells and showed no growth and negative molecular test in culture supernatants. All patients were positive for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and/or S protein. Conducting a review of the literature, 1350 similar cases have been found. The presumptive reactivation occurred in 34.5 days on average (standard deviation, SD, 18.7 days) after COVID-19 onset, when the 5.6% of patients presented fever and the 27.6% symptoms. The outcome was favorable in 96.7% of patients, while the 1.1% of them were still hospitalized at the time of data collection and the 2.1% died. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain new positive respiratory samples after confirmed negativity. According to this study, the phenomenon seems to be due to the prolonged detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA traces in respiratory samples of recovered patients. The failure of the virus to replicate in vitro suggests its inability to replicate in vivo.

Published
2021
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8. Partial Achievement of the 90-90-90 UNAIDS Target in a Cohort of HIV Infected Patients from Central Italy.

Author

Schiaroli E, De Socio GV, Gabrielli C, Papalini C, Nofri M, Baldelli F, and Francisci D

Abstract

Background: Despite progress in the prevention and treatment of HIV, persistent issues concerning the evaluation of continuum in care from the serological diagnosis to virologic success remains. Considering the 2020 UNAIDS target 90-90-90 for diagnosis, treatment, and viral suppression of people living with HIV (PLWH), our purpose was to verify if, starting from new diagnoses, the viral suppression rate of our cohort of new PLWH satisfied the second and the third steps., Methods: This retrospective study regards all patients aged ≥15 undergoing HIV test at our clinic between January 2005 and December 2017. We evaluated the second and the third '90 UNAIDS targets and the unclaimed tests, linkage to care, retention in ART, and the viral suppression at 1 and 2 years. Logistic regression (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) was performed., Results: We observed 592 new diagnoses for HIV infection: 61.4% on Italians, 38.5% on foreigners. An antiretroviral treatment was started on 78.8% of the new diagnoses (467/592) (second UNAIDS target), and a viral suppression was obtained at 2 years on 82% of PLWH who had started ART (383/467) (third UNAIDS target), namely only 64.7% of the new diagnoses instead of the hoped-for 81% of the UNAIDS target. Logistic regressions demonstrated that second and third '90 UNAIDS targets were unrelated to sex, nationality, CD4 cells count, HIV-RNA and CDC stage (p>0.05). The age class 25-50 years (OR=2.24; 95% CI = 1.06-4.37; p=0.04) achieves more likely viral suppression when compared with patients <25 years. Considering the continuum of care, 88 (15%) PLWH were lost to engagement in care (55 unclaimed tests and 33 unlinked to care), 37 didn't start ART, 51 were LFTU at 2 years., Conclusions: UNAIDS goal was far to be reached. The main challenges were unreturned tests as well as the retention in ART. Rapid tests for a test-treat strategy and frequent phone communications in the first ART years could facilitate UNAIDS target achievement., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of Interest.

Published
2020
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9. Treating Primary Arthroprosthesis Infection Caused by Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. a bscessus .

Author

Pace V, Antinolfi P, Borroni E, Cirillo DM, Cenci E, Piersimoni C, Cardaccia A, Nofri M, Papalini C, Petruccelli R, Marzano F, and Pasticci MB

Abstract

Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria are very rare, and results of treatment can be unpredictable. A 72-year-old female underwent hip replacement after an accidental fall in a local hospital in Santo Domingo. The postoperative period was uneventful except for a traumatic wound near the surgical scar. PJI caused by Mycobacterium abscessu s subsp. abscessus was diagnosed 6 months later. A two-stage reimplantation was performed after a 3-month period of aetiology-directed therapy, including amikacin, imipenem, and clarithromycin. M . abscessus isolate was reported to be resistant to clarithromycin when incubation was protracted for 14 days and to harbour the gene erm (41). The patient manifested major side effects to tigecycline. At reimplant, microbiologic investigations resulted negative. Overall, medical treatment was continued for a 7-month period. When discontinued and at 6-month follow-up, the patient was clinically well, inflammatory markers were normal, and the radiography showed well-positioned prosthesis. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus is a very rare cause of PJI, yet it must be included in the differential diagnosis, especially when routine bacteria cultures are reported being negative. Further investigations are needed to determine any correlations between clinical results and in vitro susceptibility tests, as well as the clinical implications of M . abscessus subsp. abscessus harbouring the functional gene erm (41). Moreover, investigations are needed for determine optimal timings of surgery and lengths of medical therapy to improve patient outcome., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2019 Valerio Pace et al.)

Published
2019
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10. Clusterization of co-morbidities and multi-morbidities among persons living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.

Author

Maggi P, Santoro CR, Nofri M, Ricci E, De Gennaro N, Bellacosa C, Schiaroli E, Orofino G, Menzaghi B, Di Biagio A, Squillace N, Francisci D, Vichi F, Molteni C, Bonfanti P, Gaeta GB, and De Socio GV

Subjects
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections epidemiology, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases complications, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cluster Analysis, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Female, HIV, HIV Infections complications, Humans, Hypertension complications, Hypertension epidemiology, Italy epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive complications, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology, HIV Infections epidemiology, Multimorbidity
Abstract

Background: Among people living with HIV (PLWH), the prevalence of non-HIV related co-morbidities is increasing. Aim of the present study is to describe co-morbidity and multi-morbidity, their clustering mode and the potential disease-disease interactions in a cohort of Italian HIV patients., Methods: Cross-sectional analysis conducted by the Coordinamento Italiano per lo Studio di Allergia e Infezioni da HIV (CISAI) on adult subjects attending HIV-outpatient facilities. Non-HIV co-morbidities included: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, oncologic diseases, osteoporosis, probable case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, psychiatric illness, kidney disease. Multi-morbidity was defined as the presence of two or more co-morbidities., Results: One thousand and eighty-seven patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 47.9 ± 10.8). One hundred-ninety patients (17.5%) had no co-morbidity, whereas 285 (26.2%) had one condition and 612 (56.3%) were multi-morbid. The most recurrent associations were: 1) dyslipidemia + hypertension (237, 21.8%); 2) dyslipidemia + COPD (188, 17.3%); 3) COPD + HCV-Ab+ (141, 12.9%). Multi-morbidity was associated with older age, higher body mass index, current and former smoking, CDC stage C and longer ART duration., Conclusions: More than 50% of PLHW were multi-morbid and about 30% had three or more concurrent comorbidities. The identification of common patterns of comorbidities address the combined risks of multiple drug and disease-disease interactions.

Published
2019
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