50 results on '"Nogueira, Nadia"'
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2. Lipid transfer protein isolated from noni seeds displays antibacterial activity in vitro and improves survival in lethal sepsis induced by CLP in mice
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Souza, Adson A., Costa, Andrea S., Campos, Dyély C.O., Batista, Andressa H.M., Sales, Gleilton W.P., Nogueira, Nádia A.P., Alves, Keila M.M., Coelho-de-Souza, Andrelina Noronha, and Oliveira, Hermógenes D.
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- 2018
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3. The antimicrobial activity of photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans using different photosensitizers
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Rolim, Juliana P.M.L., de-Melo, Mary A.S., Guedes, Sarah F., Albuquerque-Filho, Fernando B., de Souza, Jackson R., Nogueira, Nádia A.P., Zanin, Iriana C.J., and Rodrigues, Lidiany K.A.
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- 2012
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4. Antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of Bothrops marajoensis venom and its fractions: Phospholipase A 2 and l-amino acid oxidase
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Costa Torres, Alba Fabiola, Dantas, Rodrigo Tavares, Toyama, Marcos H., Filho, Eduardo Diz, Zara, Fernando José, Rodrigues de Queiroz, Maria Goretti, Pinto Nogueira, Nadia Accioly, Rosa de Oliveira, Márcia, de Oliveira Toyama, Daniela, Monteiro, Helena S.A., and Martins, Alice M.C.
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- 2010
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5. Sexualidade e socialização em Gilberto Freyre
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Nogueira, Nadia Cristina, Rago, Luzia Margareth, 1948, Bastos, Elide Rugai, Soares, Carmen Lúcia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Brasil - Cultura ,Sexo (Psicologia) ,Brasil - Aspectos sociais - Abstract
Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas Resumo: Não informado Abstract: Not informed Mestrado Mestre em História
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- 2021
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6. Lota Macedo e Elizabeth Bishop
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Nogueira, Nadia Cristina, Rago, Luzia Margareth, 1948, Swain, Tania Navarro, Borges, Vavy Pacheco, Kofes, Maria Suely, Soares, Carmen, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Mulheres na literatura ,Subjetividade ,Love-letters ,Feminismo ,Women in literature ,Lesbianism ,Bishop, Elizabeth, 1911-1979 ,Soares, Lota de Macedo, 1910-1967 ,Lesbianismo ,Cartas de amor ,Subjectivity ,Feminism - Abstract
Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas Resumo: Esta tese reflete sobre as condições subjetivas relativas à relação amorosa entre Lota Macedo Soares e Elizabeth Bishop, entendendo que elas foram capazes de inventar vínculos afetivos e sexuais fora dos espaços institucionais, como a família e a maternidade. No contexto dessa experiência, elas assumiram novas maneiras de relacionarem-se consigo mesmas e com o meio social no qual estavam inseridas. Considerado perversão, doença, associado à criminalidade, assim o homoerotismo feminino foi nomeado pelos discursos médico-legais. Neste trabalho, resgato a discussão sobre essas práticas, sublinhando a importância da sua desconstrução, por entender que esse pensamento conservador discriminou as mulheres envolvidas nessas relações. Ademais, aproximo-me dos estudos que tornaram visíveis a diversidade das experiências femininas, atentando para a divisão binária da sociedade sob a qual o sexo tornou-se uma evidência inquestionável apagando as múltiplas formas de manifestação do humano. Abstract: This thesis reflects upon the subjective conditions regarding Lota Macedo Soares and Elizabeth Bishop?s love relationship, understanding that they were able to create affective and sexual ties outside institutionalized spaces such as family and maternity. Within this experience, they assumed new ways to relate with themselves as well as with the social environment in which they were inserted. Considered perversion, sickness, associated to criminality, so was the female homoerotism referred to by the legal-medical discourses. In this work, I rescue a discussion on these practices, underlining the importance of deconstruction, understanding that this conservative thinking discriminated women involved in this kind of relationship. Furthermore, I approach the studies that rescued the diversity of the female experience, noticing the social binary division under which sex became unquestionable evidence that erased the multiple forms of human manifestations. Doutorado História Cultural Doutor em História
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- 2021
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7. Minichromosomal Repetitive DNA in Trypanosoma cruzi: Its Use in a High-Sensitivity Parasite Detection Assay
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Gonzalez, Antonio, Prediger, Ellen, Huecas, Maria E., Nogueira, Nadia, and Lizardi, Paul M.
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- 1984
8. Antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of Bothrops marajoensis venom and its fractions: Phospholipase A2 and l-amino acid oxidase
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Torres, Alba Fabiola Costa, Dantas, Rodrigo Tavares, Toyama, Marcos H., Filho, Eduardo Diz, Zara, Fernando José, de Queiroz, Maria Goretti Rodrigues, Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto, de Oliveira, Márcia Rosa, de Oliveira Toyama, Daniela, Monteiro, Helena S.A., and Martins, Alice M.C.
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- 2010
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9. Effects of a Herbal Gel containing Carvacrol and Chalcones on Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats on Experimental Periodontitis
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Botelho, Marco Antonio, Rao, Vietla Satyanarayana, Montenegro, Danusa, Bandeira, Mary Anne Menezes, Fonseca, Said Gonçalves Cruz, Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto, Ribeiro, Ronaldo Albuquerque, and Brito, Gerly Anne Castro
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- 2008
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10. The Cutaneous Infiltrates of Leprosy — Cellular Characteristics and the Predominant T-Cell Phenotypes
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Van Voorhis, Wesley C, Kaplan, Gilla, Sarno, Euzenir Nunes, Horwitz, Marcus A, Steinman, Ralph M, Levis, William R, Nogueira, Nadia, Hair, Laura S, Gattass, Cerli Rocha, Arrick, Bradley A, and Cohn, Zanvil A
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Clinical Research ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Good Health and Well Being ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,HLA-DR Antigens ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ,Humans ,Leprosy ,Macrophages ,Mycobacterium leprae ,Phenotype ,Skin ,T-Lymphocytes ,T-Lymphocytes ,Helper-Inducer ,T-Lymphocytes ,Regulatory ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine - Abstract
We report on the characteristics of cells in the cutaneous lesions and blood of 21 patients with lepromatous, tuberculoid, and intermediate forms of leprosy. A large proportion of the infiltrates in lepromatous lesions consist of macrophages heavily parasitized with Mycobacterium leprae. The T cells in the lesions are devoid of OKT4/Leu 3a-positive ("helper") cells and consist almost exclusively of OKT8/Leu 2a-positive ("suppressor") populations. In contrast, the tuberculoid infiltrates contain well-organized epithelioid and giant-cell granulomas and only remnants of bacilli, and the predominant T cell is from the OKT4/Leu 3a-positive subset. In both tuberculoid and lepromatous infiltrates, T cells and macrophages expressed HLA-DR antigen. No marked alteration in the distribution of blood T-cell phenotypes was noted. We conclude that there is a marked difference between T-cell subsets in lepromatous and tuberculoid infiltrates, which may influence the microbicidal activity of macrophages in the lesions.
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- 1982
11. The 1989 report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study: This report is prepared under the auspices of the scientific advisory committee of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study
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Alexander, Steven R., Arbus, Gerald S., Butt, Khalid M. H., Conley, Susan, Fine, Richard N., Greifer, Ira, Gruskin, Alan B., Harmon, William E., McEnery, Paul T., Nevins, Thomas E., Nogueira, Nadia, Salvatierra, Jr, Oscar, and Tejani, Amir
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- 1990
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12. Momordica Charantia L. Variety from Northeastern Brazil: Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Components
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Guarniz, William Antonio Sagastegui, primary, Canuto, Kirley Marques, additional, Ribeiro, Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos, additional, Dodou, Hilania Valeria, additional, Magalhaes, Karla Nascimento, additional, Miranda Sa, Kellen, additional, do Nascimento, Patricia Georgina Garcia, additional, Silva, Karine Lima, additional, Passos Sales, Gleilton Weyne, additional, Monteiro, Mirian Parente, additional, Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto, additional, Balogun, Sikiru Olaitan, additional, and Bandeira, Mary Anne Medeiros, additional
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- 2019
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13. Genetic diversity of the E Protein of Dengue Type 3 Virus
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Figueiredo Luiz T, Nogueira Nadia A, de Castro-Jorge Luiza A, Alfonso Helda L, Jorge Daniel M, de Almeida Flavia T, Amarilla Alberto A, and Aquino Victor H
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Dengue is the most important arbovirus disease in tropical and subtropical countries. The viral envelope (E) protein is responsible for cell receptor binding and is the main target of neutralizing antibodies. The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of the E protein gene of DENV-3. E protein gene sequences of 20 new viruses isolated in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil, and 427 sequences retrieved from GenBank were aligned for diversity and phylogenetic analysis. Results Comparison of the E protein gene sequences revealed the presence of 47 variable sites distributed in the protein; most of those amino acids changes are located on the viral surface. The phylogenetic analysis showed the distribution of DENV-3 in four genotypes. Genotypes I, II and III revealed internal groups that we have called lineages and sub-lineages. All amino acids that characterize a group (genotype, lineage, or sub-lineage) are located in the 47 variable sites of the E protein. Conclusion Our results provide information about the most frequent amino acid changes and diversity of the E protein of DENV-3.
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- 2009
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14. Lésbicas negras em movimento.
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Cristina Nogueira, Nadia
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BLACK feminism ,POLITICAL participation ,WOMEN'S studies ,SOCIAL movements ,BLACK feminists - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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15. Biological Activities and Pharmacological Applications of Cyclodextrins Complexed with Essential Oils and Their Volatile Components: A Systematic Review
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de Oliveira-Filho, Rosueti Diógenes, primary, e Silva, Angelo Roncalli Avles, additional, de Azevedo Moreira, Renato, additional, and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto, additional
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- 2019
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16. Intracellular Mechanisms of Killing
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Nogueira, Nadia, Hanna, M. G., Jr., editor, and Marchalonis, John J., editor
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- 1984
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17. Activation of Mononuclear Phagocytes for the Destruction of Intracellular Parasites: Studies with Trypanosoma cruzi
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Nogueira, Nadia, Cohn, Zanvil A., Hanna, Michael G., Jr., editor, and Adams, Dolph O., editor
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- 1984
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18. Induction of Macrophage Microbicidal Activity
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Nogueira, Nadia, Kaplan, G., Cohn, Z. A., Remington, J. S., Keller, R., and van Furth, Ralph, editor
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- 1980
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19. Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA II genotype in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients
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Rodrigues, Richelle Soares, primary, Tahim, Catarina Martins, additional, Silveira, Virgínia Regia, additional, Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto, additional, and Rego, Rodrigo Otavio, additional
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- 2017
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20. Momordica Charantia L. Variety from Northeastern Brazil: Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Components.
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Sagástegui Guarniz, William Antonio, Canuto, Kirley Marques, Vasconcelos Ribeiro, Paulo Riceli, Dodou, Hilania Valeria, Magalhaes, Karla Nascimento, Sá, Kellen Miranda, do Nascimento, Patrícia Georgina Garcia, Silva, Karine Lima, Passos Sales, Gleilton Weyne, Monteiro, Mirian Parente, Pinto Nogueira, Nadia Accioly, Balogun, Sikiru Olaitan, and Medeiros Bandeira, Mary Anne
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MOMORDICA charantia ,TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,FRUIT seeds ,MEDICINAL plants ,CANDIDA albicans - Abstract
Introduction: Momordica charanthia L., Curcubitaceae, is a pantropical food and medicinal plant. The plant is included in the Official List of Brazilian Medicinal Plants of interest to the Brazilian Unified Health System. The study aimed to perfom microbiological studies with extracts of Momordica charanthia L. including chemical characterization of the active extracts. Methods: The antimicrobial activity was evaluated with the hydroalcoholic and acetone extracts of M. charantia leaves, fruits and seeds from northeastern Brazil using microdilution broth technique on the selected clinical bacterial and fungal strains. Extracts that presented antimicrobial were subjected to ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-ESI-MS). Results: The in vitro antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the leaves extracts presented good antibacterial effect against four Staphylococcus aureus strains, and a weak antifungal activity agaist Candida albicans. Fourteen compounds were identified in the hydroalcoholic extract, while 12 were found in the acetone extract. The most important compounds were kaempferol, quercertin and triterpenoids like cucurbitacins. Conclussion: The present study demonstrated the potential antibacterial activity of M. charantia L. from northeastern part of Brazil, in addition to important phytochemical metabolites known to possess antibacterial activities, particularly against microrganisms of clinical importance. The UPLC phytochemical profile of the Brazilian variety is reported here for the first time. The phytochemical profile of the LHE and FAE demonstrated the presence of biologically and pharmacologically active compounds. There is lack of biological and pharmacological studies to support the medicinal uses of this important plant. The Brazilian variety of M. Charantia could be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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21. Leukotoxicity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in generalized aggressive periodontitis in Brazilians and their family members
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Silveira, Virginia Regia Souza, primary, Nogueira, Marcia Viana Bessa, additional, Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto, additional, Lima, Vilma, additional, Furlaneto, Flavia Aparecida Chaves, additional, and Rego, Rodrigo Otavio, additional
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- 2013
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22. Biological Activities and Pharmacological Applications of Cyclodextrins Complexed with Essential Oils and Their Volatile Components: A Systematic Review
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de Oliveira-Filho, Rosueti Diógenes, e Silva, Angelo Roncalli Avles, de Azevedo Moreira, Renato, and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Background: Essential oils (EOs) and their volatile components (VCs) have varied biological and pharmacological activities, but low solubility and bioavailability hamper their applications, so that inclusion in cyclodextrins (CDs) is likely to improve their physicochemical properties and pharmacological effects. Objective: The authors conducted a systematic review to evaluate the biological activities and pharmacological applications of essential oils and their volatile components complexed with cyclodextrins. Methods: The search terms 'Cyxlodextrin', 'Inclusion Complex', 'Volatile oils', 'Essential oil' and 'Volatile components' were used to retrieve articles from the PUBMED, MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. Results: A total of 38 articles were identified. A greater efficacy of EOs and their VCs complexed with different CDs types was found in in vitro and preclinical studies when compared to free forms in the various biological activities and animal models of the evaluated pharmacological tests. Conclusion: This review of selected studies showed that the use of CDs promotes greater solubility, bioavailability and efficacy of EOs and their VCs, thus indicating an interesting alternative for the biotechnological development of new therapeutic formulations.
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- 2018
23. Antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of Bothrops marajoensis venom and its fractions: Phospholipase A2 and l-amino acid oxidase
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Costa Torres, Alba Fabiola, primary, Dantas, Rodrigo Tavares, additional, Toyama, Marcos H., additional, Filho, Eduardo Diz, additional, Zara, Fernando José, additional, Rodrigues de Queiroz, Maria Goretti, additional, Pinto Nogueira, Nadia Accioly, additional, Rosa de Oliveira, Márcia, additional, de Oliveira Toyama, Daniela, additional, Monteiro, Helena S.A., additional, and Martins, Alice M.C., additional
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- 2010
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24. Sexualidade e socialização em Gilberto Freyre
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Cristina Nogueira, Nadia, primary
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25. Lota Macedo e Elizabeth Bishop
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Cristina Nogueira, Nadia, primary
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26. Genetic diversity of the E Protein of Dengue Type 3 Virus
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Amarilla, Alberto A, primary, de Almeida, Flavia T, additional, Jorge, Daniel M, additional, Alfonso, Helda L, additional, de Castro-Jorge, Luiza A, additional, Nogueira, Nadia A, additional, Figueiredo, Luiz T, additional, and Aquino, Victor H, additional
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- 2009
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27. Expression and Purification of the Recombinant Conbr (Canavalia Brasiliensis Lectin) Produced in Escherichia Coli Cells
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Nogueira, Nadia, primary, Grangeiro, Moema, additional, da Cunha, Rodrigo, additional, Ramos, Marcio, additional, Alves, Maria, additional, Teixeira, Edson, additional, Barral-Netto, Manoel, additional, Calvete, Juan, additional, Cavada, Benildo, additional, and Grangeiro, Thalles, additional
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- 2002
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28. Primary Structure and Kinetic Interaction with Glycoproteins of The Lectin From Seeds of Cratylia Flor/Bunda
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S. Cavada, Benildo, primary, AP. Nogueira, Nadia, additional, FariasI, Creuza M.SA, additional, Grangeiro, Thalles B., additional, Ramos, Marcia V, additional, Thole, Hubert H., additional, Raida, Manfred, additional, Rouge, Pierre, additional, and Calvete, Juan J, additional
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- 1999
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29. ASPESTOS MICROBIOLÓGICOS DO QUEIJO TIPO "COALHO" COMERCIALIZADO EM FORTALEZA - CEARÁ*
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SANTOS, FLÁVIA ALMEIDA, primary, NOGUEIRA, NADIA ACCIOLY PINTO, additional, and ANDRADE CUNHA, GEANNE MATOS DE, additional
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- 1995
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30. Characterization of a candidate gene for GP72, an insect stage-specific antigen ofTrypanosoma cruzi
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Cooper, Robin, primary, Inverso, Jill A., additional, Espinosa, Martha, additional, Nogueira, Nadia, additional, and Cross, George A.M., additional
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- 1991
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31. Apparent generation of a segmented mRNA from two separate tandem gene families in Trypanosoma cruzi.
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Gonzalez, Antonio, Lerner, Terry J., Huecas, Maria, Sosa-Pineda, Beatriz, Nogueira, Nadia, and Lizardi, Paul M.
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- 1985
32. Lymphokines Enhance the Capacity of Human Monocytes to Secrete Reactive Oxygen Intermediates
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Nakagawara, Akira, primary, Desantis, Nancy M., additional, Nogueira, Nadia, additional, and Nathan, Carl F., additional
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- 1982
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33. Apparent generation of a segmented mRNA from two separate tandem gene families inTrypanosoma cruzi
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Gonzalez, Antonio, primary, Lerner, Terry J., additional, Huecas, Maria, additional, Sosa-Pineda, Beatriz, additional, Nogueira, Nadia, additional, and Lizardi, Paul M., additional
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- 1985
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34. Characterization of a candidate gene for GP72, an insect stage-specific antigen of Trypanosoma cruzi
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Cooper, Robin, Inverso, Jill A., Espinosa, Martha, Nogueira, Nadia, and Cross, George A.M.
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- 1991
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35. Variations induced by different methodologies in Trypanosoma cruzi surface antigen profiles
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Schechter, Mauro and Nogueira, Nadia
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- 1988
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36. Violence against women at a police station in Rio de Janeiro: a historical analysis about the female lack of suffiency in the 1980?s and 1990?s
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Paes, ?rica de Aquino, Lopes, F?bio Henrique, Moas, Luciane da Costa, Santos, Rafael Fran?a Gon?alves dos, Nogueira, Nadia Cristina, and Brand?o, Renata Rodrigues
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violence ,lack of sufficiency ,Hist?ria ,mulheres ,media ,delegacia ,Rio de Janeiro ,viol?ncias ,police station ,women ,m?dia ,hipossufici?ncia - Abstract
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2021-06-02T12:34:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - ?rica de Aquino Paes.pdf: 2746693 bytes, checksum: 8415d8475fc526c05f6a06745cd90a06 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-02T12:34:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - ?rica de Aquino Paes.pdf: 2746693 bytes, checksum: 8415d8475fc526c05f6a06745cd90a06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-21 The analyses of the meanings attributed to violence against women in the 1980?s and 1990?s occurs through two sets of sources: articles from newspapers, dated from 1985 up to 1986 from ?O Globo? during the implementation of Police Station Specialized in Serving Women (DEAM/RJ), wich was in 1986; and TV series ?Women?s Police Station?, exhibited by Globo Network Television in 1990. I had investigated the way the newspaper took care of the necessity of the implementation of Police Station Specialized in Serving Women (DEAM/RJ), based on articles about the Police Station, that rarely refered to feminist movements, but revealed themselves in opposition to the necessity of its implementation, the interview with the Secretary of Public Security at that time, who showed resistance to the idea, the deputy who was nominated to take over it, assingning characteristics which let it that contexto as well as letter from readers who expressed ideas against Police Station Specialized in Serving Women (DEAM/RJ). It was also part of the research, using the same source, practices which were considered, at that time, as violence against women, which had been possible to clearly identify as absolutely rejected, crimes as rape and murder, while other practices were tolerated and accepted as natural behavior, concerning this natural behavior due to a construction that had space and time as crucial vectors. When I watched the TV series and treated it academicaly, identifying the characters, their physical features and personality, their outfit, the sound track and the background on the perception to the way as the types of violence against women were treated hadn?t been diferente from the newspaper articles, therefore rape and homicide were seen as violent behaviour which were repulsive and criticized. Although the fourteen episodes narrate other different types of behaviour that nowadays are identified as violent, for instance, we can mention slaps, pushes and swearing, that would constitute personal injury and attack on their integrity and acceptable in men and women relationship. Less than na advance in the defence and in the search fer equal conditions to women, the newspaper and the TV series are one more instrument for enhancing the female lack of sufficiency condition, concept that began to be used in legal science that I aplied to this research, once they are not able to report various forms of violence suffered by women, and because of it they don?t consider those violence as a problem to be treated, apart from criminal sanctions and prisons, using public politics for effective equality among men and women and they limit themselves to adopt actions that, although seem to be considerable and suficiente, as the Police Station Specialized in Serving and, more recently the Maria da Penha Law and the Feminicide, they work only on the results, but not in violence causes, which colaborate so that men continue to make women become victms through their violent practices, despite the legal and estate coercion instrument A an?lise dos sentidos atribu?dos ?s viol?ncias contra as mulheres entre os anos 1980 e 1990 se d? atrav?s de dois conjuntos de fontes: as mat?rias jornal?sticas, datadas de 1985 a 1986, do jornal O Globo ? ?poca da implanta??o da DEAM/RJ, que se deu em 1986 e a s?rie Delegacia de Mulheres, exibida pela Rede Globo de Televis?o em 1990. Investiguei como o jornal abordou a implementa??o da DEAM/RJ, a partir das reportagens sobre a instala??o da Delegacia, que pouco fazia refer?ncia aos movimentos feministas, mas revelavam-se em oposi??o ? necessidade da instala??o da nova Delegacia, a entrevista com o Secret?rio de Seguran?a ? ?poca, que se mostrava resistente ? ideia, a Delegada que fora nomeada para assumir o trabalho, atribuindo-lhe caracter?sticas que esvaziavam sua import?ncia naquele contexto e cartas dos leitores que tamb?m se manifestavam contrariamente ? DEAM. Tamb?m fora objeto de estudo, com a mesma fonte, quais pr?ticas eram consideradas, ? ?poca, como viol?ncias contra a mulher, tendo sido poss?vel a identifica??o clara de que o estupro e o assassinato eram veementemente repudiados, enquanto ouras condutas eram toleradas e admitidas como naturais, em que pese esta naturaliza??o derivar de uma constru??o que combina o espa?o e o tempo como vetores determinantes. J? ao assistir e tratar academicamente a s?rie, identificando as personagens, suas caracter?sticas f?sicas e de personalidade, figurinos, trilha sonora e cen?rios a percep??o da forma como as viol?ncias contra as mulheres eram tratadas em nada se diferenciou do que fora percebido nas mat?rias jornal?sticas, sendo as condutas tidas como violentas e, por tanto, repudi?veis e recrimin?veis, o estupro e o homic?dio. Embora os quatorze epis?dios narrem outras condutas que, atualmente s?o identificadas como viol?ncias, por exemplo, tapas, empurr?es e xingamentos, que configurariam les?o corporal e ofensa ? honra, estes eram vistos como irrelevantes e toler?veis nas rela??es entre homens e mulheres. Menos do que um avan?o na defesa e na busca de condi??es de igualdade para as mulheres, o jornal e a s?rie s?o mais um instrumento e uma estrat?gia de refor?o das condi??es de hipossufici?ncia feminina, conceito nascido na ci?ncia jur?dica que apliquei ? esta pesquisa, uma vez que n?o s?o capazes de denunciar as hist?ricas e diversas formas de viol?ncias sofridas pelas mulheres, e com isso n?o colocam essas viol?ncias como um problema a ser tratado, para al?m de san??es penais e pris?es, com pol?ticas p?blicas para efetiva paridade entre homens e mulheres e limitam-se ? ado??o de medidas que, embora pare?am bastantes e suficientes, como as DEAM?s e, mais recentemente as Leis Maria da Penha e a do Feminic?dio, elas atuam somente nos resultados, mas n?o nas causas das viol?ncias, o que colabora, sobremaneira, para que, apesar dos instrumentos legais e estatais de coa??o, os homens continuem a vitimar mulheres atrav?s de suas pr?ticas violentas.
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- 2018
37. Antimicrobial activity of violacein on Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Dodou, Hilania Valéria and Nogueira , Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Staphylococcus epidermidis ,Anti-Infecciosos ,Sinergismo Farmacológico ,Biofilmes - Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the human’s natural microbiota, but has pathogenic potential when it comes to infections related to medical devices. The emergence of strains resistant to several antimicrobials has created challenges in the choice of therapy. Given this scenario, it is very important to investigate new substances with antimicrobial potential. Violacein is a metabolite produced by bacteria of different species, especially Chromobacterium violaceum, which has potential antimicrobial activity on Gram-positive microorganisms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of violacein on strains of S. epidermidis forming and non-forming biofilm, as well as to evaluate its ability to act synergistically with antimicrobial drugs already marketed. VIO demonstrated excellent antimicrobial action on S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 and ATCC 35984, presenting bacteriostatic action (MIC = 10 μg / mL and 20 μg / mL for S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 and 35984, respectively) and bactericidal action (MBC = 20μg / mL for both strains). In addition, the bactericidal action was observed with short exposure times (2-3 hours). Violacein was also capable of synergistically modulating the action of several antimicrobial agents, like amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, vancomycin, meropenem, ceftriaxone, cephalothin e oxacilin, on S. epidermidis, reducing MIC values for these microorganisms by up to 16 times. VIO was able to inhibit the formation of microbial biofilms at the same concentration that inhibited growth in planktonic cells and eradicated already-formed biofilm at 8-fold higher concentration (MBEC = 160 μg / mL). Its action on biofilm already formed was potentiated when associated with antimicrobial drugs already marketed, being able to completely eradicate the biofilm when associated with ciprofloxacin, in concentrations equivalent to ½ MBEC. These results show that VIO is a promising substance for the development of a new antimicrobial drug with action on this pathogen, including its biofilm, or even to be associated with already commercialized antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis faz parte da microbiota natural do homem, mas apresenta potencial patogênico quando se trata de infecções relacionadas a dispositivos médicos. O surgimento de cepas resistente a diversos antimicrobianos vem criando desafios na escolha da terapêutica. Diante desse cenário, tornam-se muito importantes estudos que investiguem novas substâncias com potencial antimicrobiano. A violaceína (VIO) é um metabólito produzido por bactérias de diferentes espécies, com destaque para Chromobacterium violaceum, que apresenta potencial atividade antimicrobiana sobre microrganismos Gram-positivo. O estudo visou avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana da VIO sobre cepas de S. epidermidis formadoras e não formadoras de biofilme, assim como avaliar sua capacidade de agir sinergicamente com fármacos antimicrobianos já comercializados. A VIO demonstrou excelente ação antimicrobiana sobre S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 e ATCC 35984, apresentando, em baixas concentrações, ação bacteriostática (CIM = 10µg/mL e 20µg/mL para S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 e 35984, respectivamente) e bactericida (CLM = 20µg/mL para ambas as cepas). Além disso, a ação bactericida foi observada com curtos tempos de exposição (2-3horas). A VIO também foi capaz de modular sinergicamente a ação de diversos antimicrobianos, como amicacina, gentamicina, ciprofloxacino, cefepime, ceftazidima, vancomicina, meropenem, ceftriaxona, cefalotina e oxacilina sobre S. epidermidis, reduzindo os valores de CIM em até 16 vezes. A VIO foi capaz de inibir a formação de biofilme microbiano na mesma concentração que inibiu o crescimento em células planctônicas (CIMB=20µg/mL) e erradicou biofilme já formado em concentração 8 vezes maior (CMEB=160µg/mL). Sua ação sobre biofilme já formado foi potencializada quando associada aos fármacos cefepime, ciprofloxacino, vancomicina e meropenem, sendo capaz de erradicar completamente o biofilme na associação com ciprofloxacino, em concentrações equivalents a ½ CMEB. Estes resultados mostram que a VIO é uma substância promissora para o desenvolvimento de um novo fármaco antimicrobiano com ação sobre este patógeno, inclusive sobre seu biofilme, ou mesmo para ser associada a antibióticos já comercializados.
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- 2017
38. Atividade antiviral in vitro de plantas medicinais da flora cearense contra o vírus da dengue
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Barroso, Lana Karine Vasconcelos, Barros, Adriana Rolim Campos, Lima, Danielle Malta, and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Dengue ,Plantas medicinais ,Antiviral - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-22T23:43:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 Dengue is an infectious, tropical and endemic disease. Dengue demands numerous efforts aimed at its prevention and control. The lack of an effective vaccine as well as specific treatment to combat the virus has encouraged the development of research to verify products with antiviral activity, especially the use of natural products. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity in vitro of medicinal plants of Ceará flora against serotypes 2 and 3 of the dengue virus. In search of ethanol extracts were used Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lood. ex Mart, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., Caryocar coriaceum wittm, Mormodica charantia L., Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.), Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Ximenia americana L. and the essential oil of Eugenia jambolana (Lam.) and Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker (1000; 500; 250; 125; 62,5 e 31,25 ?g/mL). In the early stages of evaluation tests were performed cytotoxicity of samples in Vero cells. Then the screening of antiviral activity was performed with the non-cytotoxic samples and used three methodological strategies (pre-treatment, post-treatment and virucidal) and different time points were tested (1000, 500 and 250 ?g/mL) compared to viral infection. Only the Azadirachta indica (CC50 197.0 ?g/mL), Cajanus cajan (CC50 156.5 ?g/mL) and Caryocar coriaceum (CC50 199.4 ?g/mL) showed cytotoxic potential. The remaining plants even at the highest concentration tested (1000 ?g/mL), did not exert cytotoxicity at least 50% of the monolayer and were used in subsequent stages of the search. The screening of antiviral activity found that the ethanol extracts of Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lood. ex Mart and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) developed antiviral action against DENV-2 in all valuation techniques performed in this study, a fact that may be related to the presence of tannins and flavonoids. The essential oil Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker, rich in alpha-bisabolol, inhibited the virus through all valuation techniques, except for pre-treatment against DENV-3, suggesting viral inhibition in the early and late stages of the cycle replicative. These plants here identified as potential antiviral against dengue virus have already been studied in other surveys which cited its antimicrobial and antiviral actions. The findings of this screening revealed promising plants in the investigation of an antiviral drug against dengue virus, especially the ethanol extracts of Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lood.; the Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) and the essential oil of Vanillosmopsis arborea Bake. The essential oil of Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) are nontoxic to mammalian last and detaining potential inhibition of DENV cells, suggesting the feasibility of further research as its antiviral activity and more precise elucidation of mechanism of action. A dengue é uma doença infecciosa, tropical e de caráter endêmico a qual demanda inúmeros esforços visando sua prevenção e controle. A ausência de uma vacina disponível para a população, bem como um tratamento específico no combate ao vírus tem incentivado a realização de pesquisas buscando a verificação de produtos com atividade antiviral, destacando-se a utilização de produtos naturais. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade antiviral in vitro de plantas medicinais da flora cearense contra os sorotipos 2 e 3 do vírus da dengue. Na pesquisa foram utilizados extratos etanólicos de Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lood. ex Mart, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp., Caryocar coriaceum wittm, Mormodica charantia L., Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.), Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, e Ximenia americana L. e o óleo essencial de Eugenia jambolana (Lam.) e Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker (1000; 500; 250; 125; 62,5 e 31,25 ?g/mL). Nas fases iniciais foram realizados os testes de avaliação da citotoxicidade das amostras em células Vero. Em seguida, a triagem da atividade antiviral foi realizada com as amostras não citotóxicas e foram utilizadas três estratégias metodológicas (pré-tratamento, pós-tratamento e virucida), variando o momento do tratamento das células com as amostras (1000; 500 e 250 ?g/mL) em relação à infecção viral. Somente a Azadirachta indica (CC50 197,0 ?g/mL), Cajanus cajan (CC50 156,5 ?g/mL) e Caryocar coriaceum (CC50 199,4 ?g/mL) apresentaram potencial citotóxico. As demais plantas, mesmo na maior concentração testada (1000 ?g/mL), não exerceram citotoxicidade a pelo menos 50% da monocamada e foram utilizadas nas etapas seguintes da pesquisa. A triagem da atividade antiviral identificou que os extratos etanólicos de Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lood. ex Mart e Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) desenvolveram ação antiviral contra o DENV-2 em todas as técnicas de avaliação realizadas no presente estudo, fato este que pode estar relacionado à presença de taninos e flavonóides. O óleo essencial de Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker (candeeiro), rico em alfa-bisabolol, inibiu o vírus por meio de todas as técnicas de avaliação, exceto por prétratamento contra o DENV-3, sugerindo inibição viral nas fases iniciais e tardias do ciclo replicativo. Estas plantas aqui identificadas com potencial antiviral contra o vírus da dengue já foram estudadas em outras pesquisas as quais citaram suas ações antimicrobianas e antivirais. Os achados deste screening revelaram plantas promissoras na investigação de um fármaco antiviral contra o vírus da dengue, destacando-se os extratos etanólicos da Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lood. ex Mart, a macaúba; do Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.), o malvariço, e do óleo essencial de Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker, o candeeiro. Sendo os dois últimos não tóxicos para células mamíferas e detendo potencial de inibição do vírus DENV em ambas as fases de replicação avaliadas, sugerindo a viabilidade de aprofundar as pesquisas quanto a sua atividadeantiviral e elucidação mais precisa do mecanismo de ação.
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- 2015
39. Essential oil of chemotype leaves II Lippia alba (MILL.) N. E. Brown: antimicrobial mechanism of action on Staphylococcus aureus and healing activity
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Teixeira, Andrea Bessa and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Anti-Infecciosos ,Cicatrização ,Lippia - Abstract
The Lippia alba is a medicinal plant widely used by the population for the treatment of various diseases. The chemical composition of essential oil presents qualitative and quantitative variation, ranking chemotypes. In Ceará, the chemotype II is recognized by the essential oil of L. alba (OELaII) contain high levels of limonene and citral. Wound healing involves cellular and molecular events that interact to occur reconstitution of the tissue. Bacterial contamination, mainly by S. aureus is one of the main factors that affect healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the OELaII mechanism of action of S. aureus and its healing activity. The mechanism of action was evaluated through the membrane changes in bacterial morphology and inhibition of virulence factors. The healing action was determined in vivo in experimental skin wounds through the area of wound contraction, the clinical, histopathological and microbiological. The OELaII mechanism of action of S. aureus occurred by direct action on the cellular shell proven by irreversible changes in the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, as the results showed increased crystal violet uptake, release of nucleic acids and potassium efflux and damage the bacterial wall visualized by Atomic Force Microscopy. Along with this, inhibition of virulence factors highlighted in this study, may be associated with changes in gene expression, and to promote the hypothesis that OELaII modify the pattern of enzyme secretion, by altering the cell membrane. The results of the healing process, the groups treated with the formulations and OELaII OELaII base accelerated the healing process by promoting a significant increase in the percentage of wound contraction and epithelialization. The results showed that these groups during the treatment, a significant decrease in microbial population provide local favorable conditions by topical therapy aimed at the best results and the lowest possible time of the healing process. Therefore, the data of this study showed that OELaII is a healing agent of skin wounds, with high antimicrobial activity and that these biological activities reinforce the great potential of OELaII as a candidate for the development of a topical drug effective in the treatment of wounds in various clinical situations. A Lippia alba é uma planta medicinal muito utilizada pela população brasileira para o tratamento de diversas doenças. A composição química de seu óleo essencial apresenta variação quantitativa e qualitativa, classificando em quimiotipos. No Ceará, o quimiotipo II é reconhecido pelo óleo essencial de L. alba (OELaII) conter elevados teores de limoneno e citral. A cicatrização de feridas envolve eventos celulares e moleculares que interagem para que ocorra a reconstituição do tecido. A contaminação bacteriana, principalmente por S. aureus, é um dos principais fatores que afeta a cicatrização. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o mecanismo de ação do OELaII sobre S. aureus e sua atividade cicatrizante. O mecanismo de ação foi avaliado através de alterações da membrana, na morfologia bacteriana e na inibição de fatores de virulência. A ação cicatrizante foi determinada in vivo em modelo experimental de feridas cutâneas através da área da ferida, da contração, da análise clínica, histopatológica e microbiológica. O mecanismo de ação do OELaII sobre S. aureus ocorreu por ação direta no envoltório celular comprovada pela alteração irreversível na permeabilidade da membrana citoplasmática, pois os resultados mostraram aumento da captação de cristal violeta, liberação de ácidos nucleicos e efluxo de potássio, bem como danos na parede bacteriana visualizado por Microscopia de Força Atômica. Junto a isso, a inibição dos fatores de virulência evidenciada nesse estudo, pode estar associada a alterações na expressão gênica, bem como favorecer a hipótese que o OELaII modifique o padrão de secreção enzimática, por alteração da membrana celular. Nos resultados da cicatrização, os grupos tratados com OELaII e formulações a base de OELaII, aceleraram o processo de cicatrização, promovendo um significativo aumento na porcentagem de contração das feridas e reepitelização. Os resultados nesses grupos mostraram que ao longo do tratamento, ocorreu uma diminuição significativa da população microbiana, fornecendo condições locais favoráveis por meio da terapia tópica com vistas aos melhores resultados e o menor tempo possível do processo de cicatrização. Por conseguinte, os dados encontrados neste estudo mostraram que o OELaII é um agente cicatrizante de feridas cutâneas, com elevada atividade antimicrobiana e que essas atividades biológicas reforçam o grande potencial do OELaII como candidato ao desenvolvimento de um fármaco de uso tópico, eficaz no tratamento de feridas cutâneas, em diversas situações clínicas.
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- 2015
40. Photodynamic chemotherapy and tissue tolerable plasma : an effective approach against enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans biofilm
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Dantas, Thereza Cristina Farias Botelho, Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto, Vale, Mônica Sampaio do, and Duarte, Simone
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Enterococcus faecalis ,Fotoquimioterapia ,Desinfecção - Abstract
Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (PACT) and Low Pressure Cold Plasma emerged as an effective adjunctive procedure to conventional endodontic treatment, especially in case of persistent infection. This study was divided into four chapters, which objectives were: Chapter 1) investigate the antibacterial effects of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), with different concentrations of toluidine blue-O (TBO), at three different exposure times, over suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis, using a fluorescence probe – Dihydrorhodamine 1, 2,3 for detecting the release of ROS. Chapter 2) study the antimicrobial effect of PACT mediated by Toluidine blue-O activated by red light (LumaCare® LC122) on Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans biofilms. Chapter 3) a tissue-tolerable-plasma (TTP) was tested for its antimicrobial activity against mature biofilm of a key endodontic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis. Chapter 4) evaluate the anti-biofilm efficacy of PACT and TTP applied on saliva-coated-teeth with 2-week E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) biofilm, treated with PACT and TTP for 3 different exposure times (1, 2 and 5 minutes) and compared with 2.5% NaOCl irrigation for 5 minutes. In chapters 2 and 3 biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs using batch culture method at 37°C, 5% CO2. BHI broth was changed daily. In chapter 2, mature E. faecalis and C. albicans biofilms were subjected to PACT using TBO (100 μg/mL), using a non-coherent red light source (LumaCare®, 630 nm, 2 mm distance) and energy density of 118.9 J/cm2, 237.8 J/cm2 and 594.5 J/cm2 (chapter 2). Using the same growth conditions, mature E. faecalis biofilms were subject to TTP on chapter 3. The results were expressed by counting colony forming units (cfu) and group means were compared using 1-way ANOVA. The anti-biofilm effect of PACT and TTP improved as exposure time was increased, reaching the maximum effect after 5 minutes of treatment for both therapies. After 5 min of exposure, there is a significant reduction in cfu numbers in PACT and TTP treatments (p
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- 2015
41. Polymorphisms in the Interleukin10, NOS2A and ESR2 genes in chronic and aggressive periodontitis
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Silveira, Virgínia Régia Souza da and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Estrogênios ,Óxido Nítrico ,Polimorfismo Genético ,Interleucina-10 - Abstract
Some inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), the molecule of nitric oxide (NO) and the hormone estrogen can participate in the inflammatory periodontal disease (PD). This study aimed to: 1) review the relationship of IL 10, NO and estrogen as well as genetic polymorphisms linked to genes encoding IL 10, isoforms of NOS and estrogen receptors with the DP (Chapter 1); 2) to investigate the association of IL-10, NOS2A and ESR2 genes in chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive (AP) (Chapter 2); 3) assess the relationship between prior periodontal treatment (PPT) e oral hygiene habits in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) (chapter 3). In study 1 was carried out a literature review and included clinical studies in humans, with publications in the English language that investigated the role of IL 10, NO and estrogen and related genetic polymorphisms in PD. In study 2 were investigated SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) -1087G> A (rs1800896), -819C> T (rs1800871) and -592C> A (rs1800872) in the IL10 gene, + 2087G> A (rs2297518) in NOS2A gene and + 1730G> A (rs4986938) in ESR2 gene in 50 AP patients, 61 CP patients and 61 control patients. In study 3, 55 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) were analyzed through clinical periodontal examination and collection of data of oral hygiene and prior periodontal treatment (PPT). Study 1 showed that levels of IL 10 and NO are correlated with the PC. Associations were found for SNPs -592 and -819 of the IL 10 gene with chronic periodontitis and haplotype ATA with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. There is positive evidence of the use of replacement therapy with estrogen on the periodontal tissues in postmenopausal women. In study 2 patients with genotype + 2087GG in NOS2A gene showed a trend toward a significant association with PD (p = 0.05; OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.95). There were no significant associations with PD in the genotype analysis of IL 10 and ESR2 genes or haplotypes of IL 10 gene. In study 3 patients who did not use dental floss had a reduced chance in 84% of undergoing TPP (p = 0.005; OR = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.59). It is concluded that high concentrations of IL-10 and NO can be found in inflamed periodontal tissues. Subjects with the GG genotype in the SPN +2087 NOS2A gene were protected against the development of PD. There was a significant relationship between the use of dental floss and the presence of previous periodontal treatment. Alguns mediadores inflamatórios como a interleucina-10 (IL-10), a molécula do óxido nítrico (NO) e o hormônio estrógeno parecem participar do processo inflamatório da doença periodontal (DP). Este trabalho teve por objetivo: 1) revisar a relação coma DP da IL-10, NO e estrógeno, assim como polimorfismos presentes nesses genes, respectivamente: IL10, isoformas das óxido nítrico sintases (NOS) e receptores de estrógeno (ESR) (capítulo 1); 2) investigar a associação dos genes IL10, NOS2A e ESR2 na periodontite crônica (PC) e agressiva (PAg) (capítulo 2); 3) avaliar o tratamento periodontal prévio (TPP) e hábitos de higiene oral em portadores de periodontite agressiva generalizada (PAgG) (capítulo3). No estudo 1, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura incluindo estudos clínicos em humanos, com publicações na língua inglesa, que investigaram o papel da IL-10, do NO e estrógeno e polimorfismos genéticos relacionados a esses mediadores na DP. No estudo 2, foram investigados os SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ou polimorfismos de base única) -1087G>A (rs1800896), -819C>T (rs1800871) e -592C>A (rs1800872) no promotor do gene IL10, +2087G>A (rs2297518) no gene NOS2A e +1730G>A (rs4986938) no gene ESR2 em 50 pacientes com PAg, 61 pacientes com PC e 61 pacientes-controle. No estudo 3, foram avaliados 55 pacientes com PAgG mediante exame clínico periodontal, hábitos de higiene oral e tratamento periodontal prévio (TPP). Os resultados mostraram no estudo 1, que níveis elevados de IL-10 e NO estão correlacionados com a PC. Foram encontradas associações dos SNPs -592 e -819 do gene IL10 com a periodontite crônica e do haplótipo ATA com a periodontite crônica e agressiva. Existem evidências positivas do uso da terapia de reposição com estrógeno sobre os tecidos periodontais em mulheres na pós-menopausa. No estudo 2, o genótipo +2087GG no gene NOS2A mostrou tendência a uma associação significante com a DP (p= 0,05; OR= 0,44; 95% IC= 0,20-0,95). Não foram encontradas associações com DP na análise de genótipos dos genes IL10 e ESR2 ou haplótipos do gene IL10. No estudo 3 os pacientes que não utilizavam o fio dental apresentavam uma chance reduzida em 84% de terem realizado TPP (p= 0,005; OR= 0,16; 95% IC= 0,04-0,59). Conclui-se que concentrações elevadas de IL-10 e NO podem ser encontradas nos tecidos periodontais inflamados e existem associações dos polimorfismos genéticos no promotor do gene Interleucina-10 com a periodontite crônica e agressiva. Indivíduos que carregam o genótipo GG no SNP +2087 do gene NOS2A tendem a serem mais protegidos contra o desenvolvimento de DP. Nos pacientes com PAgG houve uma relação significativa entre o uso de fio dental e a presença de TPP.
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- 2015
42. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of essential oil extracted from the bark of fruits Hymenaea L. courbail
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Sales, Gleilton Weyne Passos and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Hymenaea ,Óleos Voláteis - Abstract
Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril l.) has an extensive history of use by natives of tropical forests, its fruits are composed of essential oils, tannins, bitter substances, resinous materials and pectic, starch and sugars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil extracted from the peel of fruits of Hymenaea courbaril l. (OEHc) and its mechanism of action on OSSA reference strains S. aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538P and S. aureus 14458). For the evaluation of antimicrobial activity antimicrobial potential were determined from OEHc Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Lethal (CLM) from OEHc, the effect of time of exposure to OEHc, OXA and OEHc associations-OXA, OEHc modulator effect on activity of antibiotics (ATB) for clinical use, and the OEHc action on exponential and stationary phases of growth and in growth stationary phase in the presence of chloramphenicol. The OEHc action mechanism was verified by crystal violet uptake, release of genetic material, determination of potassium ion efflux and for assessing the microbial morphology by atomic force microscopy. It was also evaluated the action of sub-inibitórias concentrations of OEHc on expression of virulence factors (catalase, coagulase, DNAse, lipase, and hemolysin) and stability of antimicrobial activity of OEHc at different pH. OEHc inhibited the growth of S. aureus strains ATCC 6538P (CIM = CLM = 2.5 mg/mL) and S. aureus ATCC 14458 (CIM = 2.5 mg/mL; CLM = 5 mg/mL). The CLM from OEHc was able to derail the OSSA strains tested in 8 (S. aureus ATCC 6538P) and 24 hours (S. aureus ATCC 14458) and the CIM inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 14458 until 48 hours of exposure. The modulatory action of the antibiotic activity of OEHc clinical use ranged with the ATB and with the strain tested. OEHc associations-OXA tested was found a predominance of synergistic effects and indifferent to the OSSA strains tested. The OEHc was able to reduce the number of viable cells at all stages microbial growth. Its greater efficiency in the presence of CLO suggests a mechanism of action independent of the cellular metabolism. The OEHc was able to promote the increased uptake of crystal violet, the release of genetic material and the efflux of potassium ions, causing also changes in bacterial morphology, suggesting that its target of action is the cell wrap. However, the inhibition of the expression of virulence factors can indicate the participation of other targets on OEHc action, as the synthesis of macromolecules. The antimicrobial activity of OEHc about strains OSSA is potentized in alkaline pH. The results show that the OEHc has a good antimicrobial activity on the species Gram-positive S. aureus, with action mechanisms mediated by the occurrence of damage in microbial wrap with loss of intracellular material and inhibition of the synthesis of macromolecules, revealing its synergistic modulator effect when associated with oxacillin and other antibiotics of clinical use. O Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) possui um amplo histórico de utilização pelos indígenas de florestas tropicais, seus frutos são compostos por óleos essenciais, taninos, substâncias amargas, matérias resinosas e pécticas, amido e açúcares. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial extraído da casca de frutos da Hymenaea courbaril L. (OEHc) e o seu mecanismo de ação sobre cepas OSSA de referência de S. aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538P e S. aureus 14458). Para a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foram determinados o potencial antimicrobiano do OEHc, as Concentrações Inibitória (CIM) e Letal Mínimas (CLM) do OEHc, o efeito do tempo de exposição ao OEHc, a OXA e as associações OEHc-OXA, o efeito modulador do OEHc na atividade de antibióticos (ATB) de uso clínico, e a ação do OEHc na fases de crescimento exponencial e estacionário e na fase de crescimento estacionário na presença de cloranfenicol. O mecanismo de ação do OEHc foi verificado por captação do cristal violeta, liberação de material genético, dosagem do efluxo de íons potássio e pela avaliação da morfologia microbiana por microscopia de forca atômica. Também foi avaliada a ação de concentrações sub-inibitórias do OEHc na expressão de fatores de virulência (catalase, coagulase, hemolisina, lipase e DNAse) e a estabilidade da atividade antimicrobiana do OEHc em diferentes pH. OEHc inibiu o crescimento das cepas de S. aureus ATCC 6538P (CIM = CLM = 2,5 mg/mL) e S. aureus ATCC 14458 (CIM = 2,5 mg/mL; CLM = 5 mg/mL). A CLM do OEHc foi capaz de inviabilizar as cepas OSSA testadas em 8 horas (S. aureus ATCC 6538P) e 24 horas (S. aureus ATCC 14458) e a CIM inibiu o crescimento de S. aureus ATCC 14458 até 48h de exposição. A ação moduladora do OEHc na atividade de antibióticos de uso clínico variou com o ATB e com a cepa testada. Para as associações OEHc-OXA testadas foi encontrada uma predominância de efeitos sinérgicos e indiferentes para as cepas OSSA testadas. O OEHc foi capaz de reduzir o número de células viáveis em todas as fases crescimento microbiano. Sua maior eficiência na presença de CLO sugere um mecanismo de ação independente do metabolismo celular. O OEHc foi capaz de promover o aumento da captação do cristal violeta, da liberação de material genético e do efluxo de íons potássio, provocando também alterações na morfologia bacteriana, sugerindo que seu alvo de ação seja o envoltório celular. No entanto, a inibição da expressão de fatores de virulência pode indicar a participação de outros alvos na ação do OEHc, como a síntese de macromoléculas. A atividade antimicrobiana do OEHc sobre cepas OSSA é potencializada em pH alcalino. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o OEHc possui uma boa atividade antimicrobiana sobre a espécie Gram-positivo S. aureus, com mecanismos de ação mediados pela ocorrência de danos no envoltório microbiano com perda de material intracelular e inibição da síntese de macromoléculas, revelando seu efeito modulador sinérgico quando associados a oxacilina e outros antibióticos de uso clínico.
- Published
- 2014
43. Comparative evaluation of methology automated Bacted MGIT 960 and manual with solid culture media Lowenstein-Jensen for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in clinical samples
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Albuquerque, Adriana Carvalho de and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Tuberculose ,Doenças Transmissíveis - Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that afflicted mankind since antiquity with reports of up to about 5,000 BC Despite the high efficiency of treatment, TB remains a major health problem. In 2011, an estimated 8.7 million incident cases of TB worldwide. Among the main measures for tuberculosis control are early diagnosis and proper treatment of the disease. Thus, the active search should be performed continuously for all healthcare services (primary, secondary and tertiary). The study aimed to evaluate the benefits of automated methodology for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in different clinical specimens in relation to the methodology manual. This is a descriptive study and experimental evaluation of two diagnostic tests (manual and automated) for which several samples were analyzed. The survey was conducted from July to September 2011. The samples were provided by patients of 15 health units of the State, which needed to confirm or culture tuberculosis control. In the 1520 samples, smear, 188 (12.37%) samples were positive and 1,332 (87.63%) negative. In cultures on solid media (LJ), a manual methodology, 254 (16.71%) samples were positive, 1.156 (76.05%) and 110 negative (7.24%) were contaminated. In automated methodology (MGIT), the result was 258 (16.97%) positive, 1,149 (75.59%) and 113 negative contaminated (7.43%). The median time to positivity in the manual method was 31.95 days, with a mean deviation of 15.01 and automated methodology was 16.53 days, with a standard deviation of 12.39. It was possible to demonstrate concordance between the methods and various advantages that automated methodology presents compared to manual in the laboratory routine. Among them is the decreased time to detection of the disease, representing a breakthrough in the initial treatment of patients, which, in the case of TB, may mean to decrease the number of cases, since people no longer be bacillary patients. A tuberculose (TB) e uma doença infectocontagiosa causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis que aflige a humanidade desde a antiguidade com relatos de ate cerca de 5.000 a.C. Apesar da alta eficiência do tratamento, a TB continua como um grande problema de saúde. Em 2011, estimou-se 8,7 milhões de casos incidentes de TB no mundo todo. Dentre as principais medidas para o controle da tuberculose estão o diagnóstico precoce e o correto tratamento da doença. Desta forma, a busca ativa deve ser realizada permanentemente por todos os serviços de saúde (níveis primário, secundário e terciário). O estudo teve como objetivo geral avaliar os benefícios da metodologia automatizada no diagnóstico da tuberculose em diferentes amostras clínicas em relação à metodologia manual. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e experimental para avaliação de dois testes diagnósticos (manual e automatizado) pelos quais diversas amostras foram analisadas. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de julho a setembro de 2011. As amostras foram fornecidas por pacientes, de 15 Unidades de Saúde do Estado, que necessitavam de cultura para confirmação ou controle da tuberculose. Em 1.520 amostras, na baciloscopia, 188 (12,37%) amostras apresentaram-se positivas e 1.332 (87,63%) negativas. Nas culturas em meio sólido (LJ), por metodologia manual, 254 (16,71%) amostras foram positivas, 1.156 (76,05%) negativas e 110 (7,24%) apresentaram contaminação. Na metodologia automatizada (MGIT), o resultado foi de 258 (16,97%) positivas, 1.149 (75,59%) negativas e 113 contaminadas (7,43%). A mediana do tempo necessário para positivação no método manual foi de 31,95 dias, com desvio médio de 15,01 e na metodologia automatizada foi de 16,53 dias, com desvio padrão de 12,39. Foi possível demonstrar concordância entre os métodos e diversas vantagens que a metodologia automatizada apresenta em comparação a manual na rotina do laboratório. Dentre elas está a diminuição do tempo de detecção da doença, representando um grande avanço no início do tratamento dos pacientes, o que, no caso da TB, pode significar a diminuição do número de casos, já que pessoas doentes deixariam de ser bacilíferas.
- Published
- 2013
44. Interference of the essential oil of Lippia alba (MILL.) NE BROWN chemotype II leaves on the oxacillin antimicrobial activity Staphylococcus aureus
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Rocha, Larissa Queiroz and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Oxacilina ,Sinergismo Farmacológico ,Óleos Voláteis - Abstract
The Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown species inhabits almost all regions of Brazil, which is plenty used in popular medicine. Studies show that between the Brazilian Northeast three chemotypes of L. alba, the chemotype II (OELaII), produces in its leaves, essential oil with the largest and broadest antimicrobial potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of the OELaII in the Oxacillin activity and its mechanism of action against Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial activity was performed by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by broth microdilution methods of culture and spreading on the surface of agar Plate-Count, respectively. The evaluation of the OELaII interference on antimicrobial oxacillin activity and other antibiotics was performed by using methodology changed disk diffusion. The checkerboard method, calculation of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Indices and graphing Isobologramas was used to assess the interference OELaII the antimicrobial activity oxacillin. The study of the OELaII mechanism of action on strains of S. aureus was performed by evaluating the OE antimicrobial activity in the phases of exponential growth and stationary as well as by the action of chloramphenicol on the exponential growth. The effect of OELaII, oxacillin and OELaII-OXA exposure time, on strains of S. aureus was observed by tracing curves time of death, was considered synergistic association was found that a reduction in the number of viable cells after 24-48 hours when compared to each compound alone. The results revealed that the MIC and MBC OELaII to the strains of S. aureus oxacillin resistant (ORSA) are equal or very close to those observed for susceptible strains (UR) ranging from 0.312 to 1.25 mg / ml and 1.25 to 5.0 mg / mL for the first, and 0.312 -0.625 mg / mL and 0.625 to 2.5 mg / mL for the second. Oxacillin to the values obtained were 6.25 to 200 mg / ml and 25 and 400 mg / mL and 0.390 to 3.12 for ORSA mg / mL and 0.781 to 6.25 mg / mL for the UR. The study of the evaluation of synergism using the Kirby-Bauer method and checkerboad showed that the interference exerted by the essential oil on the antimicrobial action vary with the type of antibiotic and the type of strain tested. Isobologram charts obtained by checkerboard method suggests a synergism between good and OELaII Oxacillin for all the microorganisms tested. The study of the mechanism of action on inhibition OELaII /death ORSA strains, it was found that the OELaII reduced the number of viable cells in any growth stage. The same was not observed when cell division was halted by the presence of chloramphenicol, suggesting that OE acts mainly in the exponential growth phase (intense cell division). The death curve by microbial activity and OELaII Oxacillin showed a synergistic effect for the association OELaII-OXA, with a logarithmic decrease significantly when compared to treatment done alone. Given this biological potential, this study suggests that the Lippia alba can be used as a pharmaceutical ingredient in preparations of association with antimicrobial drugs in order to diminish the toxicity and increase its spectrum. However, there is the importance of studies on the elucidation of the different molecular targets through knowledge of its mechanism of action and toxicity testing in vitro, thus providing the safety and therapeutic efficacy of this important plant species users. A espécie Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown habita praticamente todas as regiões do Brasil, onde é muito empregada na medicina popular. Estudos mostram que, entre os três quimiotipos de L. alba do Nordeste Brasileiro, o quimiotipo II (OELaII), produz, em suas folhas, o óleo essencial com o maior e mais amplo potencial antimicrobiano. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a interferência do OELaII na atividade de Oxacilina e o seu mecanismo de ação frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus. A avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pela determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM), pelos métodos de microdiluição em caldo de cultura e espalhamento na superfície do ágar Plate-Count, respectivamente. A avaliação da interferência do OELaII na atividade antimicrobiana da Oxacilina e outros antibióticos de uso foi realizada pela metodologia de disco-difusão modificado. O método de Checkerboard, cálculo dos Indices da Concentração Inibitória Fracionada e construção de gráficos Isobologramas foi utilizado na avaliação da interferência do OELaII na atividade antimicrobiana da Oxacilina. O estudo do mecanismo de ação do OELaII sobre cepas de S. aureus foi realizado pela avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana do OE nas fases de crescimento exponencial e estacionário, bem como pela ação do cloranfenicol sobre o crescimento exponencial. O efeito do tempo de exposição ao OELaII, Oxacilina e OELaII-OXA sobre cepas de S. aureus foi verificado pelo traçado das curvas de tempo de morte, sendo considerado sinergismo as associações em que foi verificado uma redução do número de células viáveis, após 24-48 horas quando comparado a cada composto isoladamente. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a CIM e CBM do OELaII para cepas de S. aureus oxacilina-resistente (ORSA) são iguais ou muito próximas àquelas constatadas para as cepas sensíveis (OSSA), variando de 0,312-1,25 mg/mL e 1,25-5,0 mg/mL para a primeira; e 0,312-0,625 mg/mL e 0,625-2,5 mg/mL para a segunda. Para a Oxacilina os valores encontrados foram de 6,25-200 mg/mL e 25 e 400 mg/mL para as ORSA e 0,390-3,12 mg/mL e 0,781-6,25 mg/mL para as OSSA. O estudo da avaliação do sinergismo, pelo método de Kirby-Bauer e por checkerboad, mostrou que a interferência exercida pelo óleo essencial sobre a ação dos antimicrobianos varia de acordo com o tipo de antibiótico e o tipo de cepa testada. Os gráficos de isobolograma obtidos pelo método de checkerboard sugerem um bom sinergismo entre o OELaII e a Oxacilina para todos os micro-organismos testados. Pelo estudo do mecanismo de ação do OELaII na inibição/morte de cepas ORSA, verificou-se que o OELaII reduziu o número de células viáveis em qualquer estágio de crescimento. O mesmo não foi verificado quando a divisão celular foi interrompida pela presença de cloranfenicol, sugerindo que o OE age, principalmente, na fase exponencial de crescimento (intensa divisão celular). A curva de morte microbiana pela atividade do OELaII e Oxacilina, mostrou um efeito sinérgico para a associação OELaII-OXA, com uma redução logarítima significativa, quando comparado ao tratamento feito isoladamente. Diante desse importante potencial biológico, este estudo sugere que a Lippia alba possa ser utilizado como insumo farmacêutico em preparações de associação com medicamentos antimicrobianos visando a diminuir a toxicidade e aumentar o seu espectro de ação. Todavia, surge a importância de estudos sobre a elucidação dos diferentes alvos moleculares através do conhecimento do seu mecanismo de ação, bem como testes de toxicidade in vitro, oferecendo assim, segurança e eficácia terapêutica aos usuários dessa importantes espécie vegetal.
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- 2012
45. Studies of the effects photodynamic therapy antimicrobial and gene expression of S. Mutans biofilms and caries dentin
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Rolim, Juliana Paiva Marques Lima and Nogueira , Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Cárie Dentária ,Fotoquimioterapia ,Placa Dentária - Abstract
The application of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PACT) in dentistry emerged as an effective treatment in reducing microbial populations present in oral biofilms and dental caries lesions. In this context, the objectives of this work are: a) to compare the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using different photosensitizers and evaluate the production of singlet oxygen for each of them (chapter 1), b) to determine the penetration degree of toluidine blue ortho dye (TBO) in in vitro and in situ demineralized dentin using confocal Raman microspectroscopy (chapter 2), c) to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy and its ability to alter the expression of genes gtfB, gtfC, gbpB and luxS in Streptococcus mutans oral biofilms formed in vitro (Chapter 3), d) to investigate the performance of PACT by the association of toluidine blue ortho and a light emitting diode using a clinical trial (chapter 4). As methodological approaches, in vitro, in situ and clinical studies were performed. The results showed that the TBO was the only photosensitizer, which significantly reduced the counts of S. mutans (p < 0.05). However, the singlet oxygen generation was not directly related to the bactericidal activity of PACT (Chapter 1). The TBO penetration profiles in sound and demineralized dentin in vitro and in situ were similar, besides different degrees of demineralization (chapter 2). While PACT has been effective in killing S. mutans biofilms formed in vitro, the change in virulence genes was observed only for luxS, a oxidative stress related gene (chapter 3). Finally, the results of clinical trial demonstrated that dentin caries lesions showed a decrease in the cariogenic microflora when treated with PACT (Chapter 4). In summary, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is effective to kill S. mutans both as planktonic culture as well as biofilm, the photosensitizer used is able to penetrate into demineralized dentin in vitro and in situ, PACT can alter the expression of biofilm formation associated genes, and significantly reduce the in vivo microflora. However safe clinical protocols should be established for clinical use may be indicated. A aplicação da Terapia Fotodinâmica Antimicrobiana - TFA na Odontologia surge como um tratamento eficaz na redução das populações microbianas presentes nos biofilmes orais e nas lesões de cárie dental. Nesse contexto, os objetivos desse trabalho são: a)comparar o potencial antimicrobiano da TFA utilizando diferentes fotossensibilizadores e determinar a capacidade de produção de oxigênio singlete para cada um deles (capítulo 1); b) determinar o grau de penetração do corante azul de orto toluidina em dentina desmineralizada in vitro e in situ utilizando a microscopia confocal Raman (capítulo 2); c) avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano da TFA e sua habilidade de alterar a expressão dos genes gtfB, gtfC, gbpB e luxSem biofilmes orais de Streptococcus mutans formados in vitro (capítulo 3); d) investigar, através de um ensaio clínico, a performance da TFA utilizando a associação do azul de orto toluidina e um diodo emissor de luz (capítulo 4). Como abordagens metodológicas foram realizados estudos in vitro, in situ e um ensaio clínico. Como resultados, observou-se que o azul de orto toluidina foi o único fotossensibilizador que reduziu significantemente as contagens de S. mutans (p
- Published
- 2012
46. Prevalence and distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in periodontal disease Brazilian subjects
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Brígido, Jandenilson Alves and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Periodontia ,Periodontite ,Biologia Molecular - Abstract
Studies suggest that subjects with severe periodontal lesions are more likely to colonize Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. This species is genetically heterogeneous and can be grouped into six serotypes (a-f), which may differ regarding virulence characteristics. Ethnic differences and geographic population can influence the distribution and prevalence of these serotypes regarding periodontal disease. The aims of this dissertation, comprised of two manuscripts, were to review the literature concerning A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes regarding to periodontal status and geographic origin of individuals (chapter 1); and to investigate the prevalence and distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in Brazilian subjects with chronic and aggressive periodontitis, identifying possible relationship of the different A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes with periodontal disease (chapter 2). In study 1 was performed a systematic review of the pertinent literature related to the issue and in study 2, subgingival plaque sample of 71 subjects with aggressive or chronic periodontitis positive to A. actinomycetemcomitans were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The literature analysis presented in study 1 showed that different ethnic groups are preferentially colonized by different A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. Serotypes a, b and c were largely found, and serotype c was the most prevalent in the majority of studies. The results of study 2 demonstrated that serotype c was detected with the highest frequency and serotypes d-f were not detected. It was also observed that individuals with aggressive periodontitis showed higher prevalence of both serotypes b and c (p
- Published
- 2012
47. Castroprotective and antimicrobial activities of matricaria recutita (camomila) flower extract and alpha-bisabolol: possible mechanisms of action
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Bezerra, Suzana Barbosa and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Camomila ,Matricaria ,Úlcera Gástrica - Abstract
Matricaria recutita, commonly known as chamomile, is a plant species used in medicine due to its sedative properties, anti-inflammatory and healing, among others. Alpha-bisabolol, a sesquiterpene present in essential oil, also has several pharmacological activities recognized. This work evaluated the gastroprotective activity, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities from chamomile dried flowers extract (CDFE) and alpha-bisabolol (BISA). Gastroprotective activity for ESFC at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg, orally, significantly reduced in 78, 68 and 89% respectively (p
- Published
- 2009
48. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of leaves of chemotype i, ii and iii of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown
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Teixeira, Andréa Bessa and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Medicina Tradicional ,Lippia - Abstract
The species Lippia alba (erva cidreira) is widely used in folk medicine. The composition of essential oil varies quantitative and qualitative, leading to the classification of different chemotypes. A rich pharmacological potential is related to the wide variation in chemical composition of these oils, which arouses the interest of researchers in establishing scientific explanations for such activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of chemotype I, II and III, leaves of L. alba, and to investigate their possible relationships with the chemical composition of their essential oils. The chemical characterization of constituents of essential oils was performed using GC-MS by determining the percentage of constituents present in the samples. The antimicrobial activity of oils was determined by agar diffusion, and MIC and CLM methods by microdilution broth culture and plated on agar, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed by measurement of TBARS and by determining the activity of removal of free radicals by DPPH. Essential oils from leaves of L. alba were recognized by the presence of its major constituents in chemotype I (citral-myrcene), chemotype II (citral-limonene) and chemotype III (carvone-limonene). The three essential oils showed activity against S. aureus, even resistant, and C. albicans. For Gram-negative bacteria, the three chemotypes present action on the A. lwoffi; the chemotypes II and III inhibited the growth of A. baumannii, and only the chemotype II was that acted on E. coli ATCC 10536. The lowest MIC obtained for CLM and essential oils of chemotypes I, II and III were 0,312 and 0,625mg/mL, 0,312 and 0,312mg/mL and 0,625 and 0,625mg/mL, respectively. The diffusion technique in agar served as a preliminary step in determining the antimicrobial activity and MIC determination by broth dilution accompanied by reading of optical densities of cultures showed absorbance values similar to the positive control group by a certain concentration and then increased indicating a higher microbial growth. Three chemotypes of OELA reduced lipid peroxidation induced in the hippocampus and brain of rats, but showed no scavenging activity of free radicals measured by the DPPH test. Thus, the results suggest that essential oils of chemotype I, II and III of L. alba, have excellent antimicrobial activity, especially on S. aureus and C. albicans, whereas the diffusion method is an excellent screening method, the dilution method, by visual inspection and reading of absorbance, in addition to determine the MIC, the CLM and evaluate the kinetics of inhibition of microbial growth, the antioxidant potential shown OELA by the hippocampus and cortex of rats makes these products a potential pharmacological tool in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, however, for that additional studies are needed, and that differences in the composition of the oil is a factor to be considered important in studies pharmacological. A espécie Lippia alba (erva-cidreira) é muito usada na medicina popular. A composição de seu óleo essencial apresenta variações quantitativas e qualitativas, levando à classificação de diferentes quimiotipos. Um rico potencial farmacológico está relacionado à ampla variação na composição química desses óleos, o que desperta o interesse de pesquisadores em estabelecer explicações científicas para tais atividades. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante dos óleos essenciais dos quimiotipo I, II e III, de folhas, de L. alba, bem como investigar suas possíveis relações com a composição química de seus óleos essenciais. A caracterização química dos constituintes dos óleos essenciais foi realizada utilizando a CG-MS, determinando-se a porcentagem dos constituintes presentes nas amostras. O potencial antimicrobiano dos óleos foi determinado pelo método de difusão em ágar, e as CIM e CLM pelos métodos da microdiluição em caldo de cultura e do plaqueamento em ágar, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pela dosagem de TBARS e pela determinação da atividade de remoção de radicais livres pelo DPPH. Os óleos essenciais das folhas de L. alba foram reconhecidos pela presença de seus constituintes majoritários em quimiotipo I (citral-mirceno); quimiotipo II (citral-limoneno) e quimiotipo III (carvona-limoneno). Os três óleos essenciais apresentaram atividade sobre S. aureus, mesmo as multirresistentes, e C. albicans. Para as bactérias Gram-negativas, os três quimiotipos apresentaram ação sobre o A. lwoffi; os quimiotipos II e III inibiram o crescimento do A. baumannii; e apenas o quimiotipo II foi que teve ação sobre E. coli ATCC 10536. As mais baixas CIM e CLM obtidas para os óleos essenciais dos quimiotipos I, II e III, foram de 0,312 e 0,625mg/mL, 0,312 e 0,312mg/mL e 0,625 e 0,625mg/mL, respectivamente. A técnica de difusão em ágar serviu como uma etapa preliminar na determinação do potencial antimicrobiano e a determinação da CIM por diluição em caldo acompanhada de leitura das densidades óticas das culturas, mostrou valores de absorbâncias semelhantes ao grupo controle positivo até uma determinada concentração e então aumentaram, indicando um maior crescimento microbiano. Os três quimiotipos do OELA reduziram a peroxidação lipídica induzida no hipocampo e cérebro de ratos, contudo não apresentaram atividade seqüestradora de radicais livres mensuradas através do teste do DPPH. Assim, os resultados sugerem que os óleos essenciais dos quimiotipo I, II e III de L. alba, possuem excelente atividade antimicrobiana, principalmente sobre S.aureus e C. albicans; que o método de difusão é um excelente método de triagem; que o método da diluição, por inspeção visual e leitura de absorbância, permite determinar alem da CIM, a CLM e avaliar a cinética de inibição de crescimento microbiano; o potencial antioxidante mostrado pelo OELA no hipocampo e córtex de rato, torna esses produtos uma ferramenta farmacológica em potencial no tratamento de doenças neurodegenerativas, contudo, para isso estudos adicionais são necessários; e que as diferenças na composição do óleo é um fator que deve ser considerado importante nos estudos farmacológicos.
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- 2009
49. Dosmetic preparation of medicinal plants used in the treatment for infectious diseases
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Bastos, Gisele Medeiros and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
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Plantas Medicinais ,Medicamentos Fitoterápicos - Abstract
Most of the people in developing countries use plants or herbal preparations in their basic health care. The lack of information about the possible risks and benefits in the use of medicinal plants is one of the main factors that contribute with herbs automedication. Many plants used in the popular medicine have proved antimicrobial properties; however, several factors for example, incorrect preparation of the plants, can interfere in the efficiency of the treatment. The aim of this study was to assess-ment the use of domestic preparations of medicinal plants by the families of children who study in the Centre of Children Education Aprisco, in Fortaleza. The families that participated of the study answered a questionnaire that allowed knowing the most used medicinal plants by this population, as well as its therapeutic indications, forms of use, parts of the plant used, and other ones. At a second moment, an in vitro ex-perimental study analysed the antimicrobial potential of the domestic preparations of the medicinal plants quoted during the interviews. The data were inserted and ana-lysed in the Microsoftware package Office Excel and in the statistical program Epi Info 3.3.2. Forty one families were interviewed, of which 97,6 % affirmed to use the medicinal plants like therapeutic option in the treatment of diseases. In 39 question-naires were quoted 97 domestic preparations of plants, with an average of 2,5 ± 1,6 preparations. Of this total (97), 71,1 % was used to respiratory and digestive prob-lems. Furthermore, the most used part of the plant was the leaf (60 %) and the de-coction was the main form of the use (59,8 %). Thirty two plants species were used in the preparations, of which the eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) had the highest fre-quency (11,9 %). From the forty five samples that was submited to the antimicrobial activity in vitro, 55,6 % (25 samples) showed inhibitory activity on the growth at least one of the microorganisms used in the test. Many of the plants that have antimicro-bial properties and that were quoted by the families interviewed, had their activity al-tered in accordance with the form that they were prepared. It was also observed the use of plants for health care that present in their composition toxic substances. The results of this study suggest that the forms of preparation and use of the plants can interfere on the presence or absence of the farmacology activity that is attributed for the plants. Therefore, it’s in the pharmacist’s hands, who can contribute with his knowledge, to promote the efficient, safe and rational use of the medicinal plants. A maioria da população de países em desenvolvimento utiliza plantas ou prepara-ções vegetais em seus cuidados básicos de saúde. A falta de informações sobre os possíveis riscos e benefícios do uso de plantas medicinais é um dos principais fato-res que contribui para automedicação da população com ervas. Muitas das espécies vegetais utilizadas na medicina popular apresentam propriedades antimicrobianas comprovadas, no entanto, diversos fatores como a preparação incorreta das plantas pode interferir na eficácia do tratamento. O presente trabalho, teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização de preparações caseiras de plantas medicinais, pelas famílias das crianças assistidas pelo Centro de Educação Infantil Aprisco, em Fortaleza. As famílias que participaram do estudo responderam a um questionário que permitiu conhecer as principais plantas medicinais utilizadas pela população estudada, suas indicações terapêuticas, modo de preparo, parte da planta utilizada, entre outras questões. Num segundo momento, foi realizado um estudo experimental, onde foi testado in vitro o potencial antimicrobiano das preparações caseiras das plantas me-dicinais citadas durante as entrevistas. Os dados foram inseridos e analisados no Microsoft Office Excel e no programa estatístico Epi Info 3.3.2. Foram entrevistadas 41 famílias, das quais 97,6% afirmaram utilizar as plantas medicinais como opção terapêutica no tratamento de doenças. Num total de 39 questionários foram citadas 97 preparações caseiras de plantas, com uma média de 2,5 ± 1,6 por questionário. Desse total de preparações, 71,1% eram usadas buscando solucionar problemas respiratórios e digestivos. A principal parte utilizada da planta foi a folha (60%) e a forma de utilização mais citada o chá por decocção (59,8%). Foram citadas trinta e duas espécies vegetais utilizadas nas preparações, das quais o eucalipto (Eucalyptus citriodora) teve a maior freqüência de citação (11,9%). Das quarenta e cinco amostras submetidas à avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana in vitro, 55,6% (25 amostras) apresentaram atividade inibitória sobre o crescimento de pelo menos um dos microrganismos utilizados. A maioria das plantas com propriedade antimi-crobiana conhecida e que foram citadas pelos entrevistados tiveram sua atividade alterada de acordo com a forma com que foram preparadas. Foi verificado ainda o uso de plantas para fins medicinais que apresentam em sua composição substân-cias com características tóxicas. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho sugerem que dependendo das condições em que as plantas são utilizadas elas podem apresentar ou não a atividade farmacológica que lhe é atribuída. Está nas mãos do profissional farmacêutico, contribuindo com seu conhecimento, promover o uso eficaz, seguro e racional das plantas medicinais.
- Published
- 2007
50. Utilisation Profile of Antimicrobial in the intensive care unit at Santa Casa de Misericordia de Fortaleza
- Author
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Sousa, Paulo Cesar Pereira de and Nogueira, Nadia Accioly Pinto
- Subjects
Antibacterianos ,Unidade Terapia Intensiva ,Farmacorresistência Bacteriana - Abstract
Antibiotics are the most prescribed drugs at the Intensive Care Units. Bacteria has become more and more resistant to those drugs, which represents a threat of public health. Keeping eyes on the use of antimicrobic agents is one of the essential preconditions to control that resistance. In the period of November 1st 2005 to June 30th 2006, was verified an observational study, descriptive and prospective, where were evaluated the handbook of patients on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of “Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Fortaleza”. About 157 patients were observed and their handbook and structured forms. The social-demographic characteristics, the factors of risk associated to clinic evolution and the identification and profile of bacterial resistance were studied. The use of antimicrobic was evaluated with the objective to available subsidies to a good and rational use of drugs. The collected data were analyzed on the SPSS, version 10.0. The patients presented an average of 66 years old and the mortality between the elderly people was 60%. The most frequent diagnosed hypotheses were respiratory infection (28.7%) and sepses (15.9%), associated to 48.9% out of 80% of the total registered deaths. About half of those who made use of veinal or urinary catheters - 62.4% and 87.3%, respectively, came to die. It was found that the antibiotic therapy applied in those patients was not based on the microbiotic sensitiveness patterns, and the antibiotic consume was 182,8 DDD (daily dose definite) per bed a day. The most given antibiotic were the ß-lactamics (107.8 DDD per 100 beds a day), such as ceftriaxone (31.9%), ciprofloxacin (16.9%) and clindamicin (14.4%). The highest dose of antibiotic given was ceftriaxone (50.3 DDD/100 beds a day). The Gram-negative bacilli were more often (71.1%), especially P. aeruginose (21.7%). The most predominant species was S. aureus (22.9%). 77.8% and 84.2% of ceps displayed tough toward cefalotin and penicillin, respectively. Most of patients (54.1%) died, though they were under antibiotic therapy. The broad profile of resistance at antibiotics shown in this research follows the recent patterns, which state that the most of the isolated patients are resistant to the ß-lactamics, such as Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. Scientists have become more concerned about the future, due to the high therapeutic limitation. The outcomes displayed in this essay aims to point out the necessity of monitoring the sue of antibiotics at Intensive Care Units, in order to minimize the causes of mortality due to the abuse of antibiotics. Educational actions, in order to promote a permanent guard on the use of antibiotics at hospitals, along with a rational politic to regulate the their use are very important measures to prevent and control such restless situation. Perfil de utilização de antimicrobianos na unidade de terapia intensiva da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Fortaleza Os antibióticos são as drogas mais prescritas nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e o aumento constante da resistência bacteriana a essas drogas é uma ameaça à saúde pública. A vigilância do uso de antimicrobianos é um dos pré-requisitos essencial para a promoção do controle da resistência. No período de 01 de Novembro de 2005 a 30 de junho de 2006, foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo e prospectivo, onde foram avaliados os prontuários de pacientes internados na Unidade Terapia Intensiva (UTI) da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Fortaleza. Foram observados 157 pacientes através de seus prontuários e formulários estruturados. As características sócio-demográficas, os fatores de riscos associados à evolução clínica e a identificação e perfil de resistência bacteriano foram estudadas. A utilização de antimicrobianos foi avaliada com o objetivo de disponibilizar subsídios para o uso adequado e racional desses fármacos. Os dados coletados foram analisados no SPSS versão 10.0. Os pacientes apresentaram uma media de 66 anos de idade e a mortalidade entre os maiores de 60 anos foi de 60,0%. As hipóteses diagnósticas mais freqüentes, infecção respiratória (28,7%) e sepse (15,9%), foram associadas a 48,9% e 80% dos óbitos, respectivamente. Cerca da metade dos pacientes que fizeram uso de cateter venoso central e ou de cateter urinário, 62,4% e 87,3%, respectivamente, evoluíram para óbito. A antibioticoterapia frequentemente não foi baseada nos padrões de sensibilidade microbiana e o consumo de antibióticos foi de 182,8 Dose Diária Definida (DDD) por 100 leitos-dia. Predominou o uso de β-lactâmicos (107,8 DDD por 100 leito-dias), os antimicrobianos mais consumidos foram ceftriaxona (31,9%), ciprofloxacina (16,9%) e clindamicina (14,4%) e o maior valor de DDD foi para ceftriaxona (50,3 DDD/100 leito-dias). A resistência bacteriana foi elevada para a maioria dos antibióticos utilizados, especialmente aos β-lactâmicos. Os bacilos Gram-negativos foram mais freqüentes (71,1%), especialmente P. aeruginosa (21,7%). A espécie predominante foi S. aureus (22,9%). 77,8% e 84,2% das cepas de P. aeruginosa e S. aureus foram resistentes a cefalotina e à penicilina, respectivamente, e 47,4 % dos isolados de S. aureus apresentaram resistência à Oxacilina e 0,6% à Vancomicina. A maioria dos pacientes (54,1%) foi a óbito. O amplo perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos constatado nesse estudo segue o padrão atual, onde a maioria dos isolados são resistentes aos β-lactâmicos e pertencem aos gêneros Pseudomonas e Staphylococcus. A elevada resistência das cepas de S. aureus à oxacilina é motivo de grande preocupação, devido à limitação terapêutica que essa resistência determina. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho mostram a necessidade de se monitorar o uso de antibacterianos e a ocorrência de resistência bacteriana em UTI’s, no sentido de minimizar os fatores que predispõem ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade. A promoção de ações educativas, da vigilância permanente das cepas bacterianas hospitalares e de uma política racional para o uso de antimicrobianos são medidas de imensa importância na prevenção e no controle dessa situação.
- Published
- 2006
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