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In 1842, as part of the first land survey of Ireland, sea level observations were taken at 22 sites for durations of around six weeks and published by the astronomer royal, George Biddell Airy. While such short records could be dismissed in more sea-level data-rich countries, Ireland has sparse and geographically-biased records and these short records have proved very valuable in reconstructing the patterns and magnitudes of regional sea level change. In this paper, we discuss the adjustments for intermediate datum redefinitions, corrections for atmospheric, seasonal, and tidal effects, including validations of all of these adjustments for the determination of accurate mean sea levels from short records. These measured changes are interpreted in terms of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), shedding light on the recent GIA modelling of the British-Irish ice sheet. Finally, we reflect on the utility of short sea level records in the understanding of regional, climate change-driven, sea-level change and the necessary constituents in this instance., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

The Workshop on pathways to climate-aware advice (WKCLIMAD) met in the autumn of 2021 to develop a proposal for an advisory framework that accounts for the influences of climate change on aquaculture, fisheries, and ecosystems. The workshop worked through online sessions with over 40 participants.Climate-informed advice should be provided through a risk-based framework that considers magnitude and likelihood of impacts, effectiveness and feasibility of measures. A wealth of data, tools and methods exists to on-ramp the advice. However, it is important to consider how these are utilised. To provide robust climate-informed advice, there is a need to identify and rank climate impacts and the associated risks, and match adaptation measures with public policy objectives. There must be a balance between actionable advice and reporting of uncertainty.The next steps for ICES should be to evaluate these three recommended additions to the advice framework/principles:• Development of a framework for spatial knowledge and advice, that includes definitions of temporal and spatial scale of management challenges.• Proactive solicitation of experts and stakeholders in relevant fields. Co-production of knowledge with iterative feedback, accounting for the plurality of knowledge and participation mechanisms.• Formulation of a plan for outputs, and communication, from the start of process, including allocation of sufficient resources to deliver advice.Greater emphasis needs to be placed on the communication and co-creation of advice.Climate-informed advice should include an assessment of current conditions in relation to the desired state. This requires not just an evaluation of the current state of the system, but the likely and/or desired future state of the fisheries/aquaculture system. This will also require greater effort on scoping of future scenarios of ecosystem state, and potential management measures for adaptation, and some mitigation. Advice should document the expected effects of specific management actions, giving attention to the potential distribution of management costs and benefits. Advice should be produced in response to requests but also be proactively produced by ICES. WKCLIMAD provides ICES with definitions, language and terminology that align with, and build on, those of the IPCC and calls on ICES to consistently use this terminology. The workshop also provides example lists of drivers, impacts, measures and potential actions.ICES needs to attract expertise from beyond its traditional areas of ecosystem and population dynamics and oceanography. Engagement with the plurality of the knowledge base is required, as a mean to refine goals, explore trade-offs between management objectives, as well as to build a common understanding and build knowledge about the system and efficient pathways of action to governance. WKCLIMAD considered that to provide credible climate-informed advice, the evidence base needs to be strengthened in the following scientific fields:• future scenarios of management options and ecosystem state• risk, vulnerability and resilience analysis of species, ecosystems, and human communities• spatial planning information and models• trade-offs among potential actions, and incentives for best practice sharing including technological developments• carbon accounting across the system• monitoring and early-warning systems

International audience; This study will give an overview of high-resolution Irish local scale models. The Irish Marine Institute implemented the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) to coastal waters on the west coast of Ireland. Out of the six models, details of three are presented. The models are: Connemara, Galway Bay and Bertraghboy Bay with most recent developments including the implementation of wetting/drying algorithm. Implementation of a realistic bathymetry for Connemara and Galway models wetting/ drying algorithm has resulted in better validation against acoustic Doppler current profi lers (ADCPs). The models implemented with a wetting and drying algorithm have shown better agreement against ADCPs.; Cette étude donnera un aperçu des modèles irlandais à haute résolution à l'échelle locale. L'Irish Marine Institute a mis en œuvre le système régional de modélisation des océans (ROMS) pour les eaux côtières de la côte ouest de l'Irlande. Sur les six modèles, les détails de trois sont présentés. Ces modèles sont : Connemara, Galway Bay et Bertraghboy Bay avec les développements les plus récents incluant l'implémentation de l'algorithme de mouillage/séchage. La mise en œuvre d'une bathymétrie réaliste pour l'algorithme de mouillage/séchage des modèles Connemara et Galway a permis une meilleure validation par rapport aux profileurs de courant Doppler acoustiques (ADCP). Les modèles implémentés avec un algorithme de mouillage et de séchage ont montré une meilleure concordance avec les ADCPs.

Particle-tracking models can simulate the drift of floating objects in the ocean, and provide a valuable tool for search and rescue operations at sea. The choice of model parameters has a big impact on the prediction, and can greatly affect the success of the search and rescue operations. In particular, the way in which windage is introduced into the model largely determines the dispersion and fi nal distribution of the numerical floats. The Marine Institute has conducted several experiments with OpenDrift, which have proven to be useful to help in search and rescue operations and to investigate the important connection that exists between people missing from the coast of Ireland and being found on the Welsh coast. This has culminated in the implementation of a new version of an OpenDrift-based, web application called ADRIFT, which allows to select between a range of different objects with specific leeway properties., Les modèles de suivi des particules peuvent simuler la dérive des objets flottants dans l'océan et constituent un outil précieux pour les opérations de recherche et de sauvetage en mer. Le choix des paramètres du modèle a un impact important sur la prédiction, et peut grandement affecter le succès des opérations de recherche et de sauvetage. En particulier, la manière dont le vent est introduit dans le modèle détermine largement la dispersion et la distribution finale des flotteurs numériques. Le Marine Institute a mené plusieurs expériences avec OpenDrift, qui se sont avérées utiles pour aider les opérations de recherche et de sauvetage et pour étudier le lien important qui existe entre les personnes disparues de la côte irlandaise et celles retrouvées sur la côte galloise. Ces expériences ont abouti à la mise en œuvre d'une nouvelle version d'une application web basée sur OpenDrift, appelée ADRIFT, qui permet de choisir entre une série d'objets différents ayant des propriétés de dérive spécifiques.

International audience; Ireland occupies a unique location in the NE Atlantic - an important carbon sink and an area most vulnerable to changes in Atlantic circulation. Ireland has actively participated in European ocean observation projects from the EC Sixth Framework Programme through to Horizon 2020 leading to the development of ocean and climate observing systems from the coast to open ocean. However, infrastructure gaps remain which impact the capability to address scientific questions of national and global importance. Ireland’s longstanding scientific interaction at a European level coupled with significant state investments in ocean observation infrastructures has led to the development of EirOOS (the Irish Ocean Observing System). We demonstrate how EirOOS has developed, at a national level, into a key Research Infrastructure to further develop scientific and technical research capacity in sea level science, ocean circulation, and carbon sequestration to understand the connection between Ireland, its coastal seas and the Atlantic. The data infrastructure underpinning EirOOS is discussed and how it links the disparate elements of the distributed infrastructure together through harmonisation and interoperability of its data platforms.The multi-level interaction and cooperation between EirOOS and other key marine European Research infrastructures like EMSO, EuroArgo and JERICO RI in terms of developing cohesive and impactful science, user and business cases for EirOOS to ensure it is delivering services and outputs defined by its stakeholders is discussed. Finally, the role of EirOOS as an effective and sustainable component in a distributed European Ocean Observing System with a description of the framework for integration is considered.

The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and its partners have worked together over the past decade to break down barriers between open-ocean and coastal observing, between scientific disciplines, and between operational and research institutions. Here we discuss some GOOS successes and challenges from the past decade, and present ideas for moving forward, including highlights of the GOOS 2030 Strategy, published in 2019. The OceanObs' 09 meeting in Venice in 2009 resulted in a remarkable consensus on the need for a common set of guidelines for the global ocean observing community. Work following the meeting led to development of the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO) published in 2012 and adopted by GOOS as a foundational document that same year. The FOO provides guidelines for the setting of requirements, assessing technology readiness, and assessing the usefulness of data and products for users. Here we evaluate successes and challenges in FOO implementation and consider ways to ensure broader use of the FOO principles. The proliferation of ocean observing activities around the world is extremely diverse and not managed, or even overseen by, any one entity. The lack of coherent governance has resulted in duplication and varying degrees of clarity, responsibility, coordination and data sharing. GOOS has had considerable success over the past decade in encouraging voluntary collaboration across much of this broad community, including increased use of the FOO guidelines and partly effective governance, but much remains to be done. Here we outline and discuss several approaches for GOOS to deliver more effective governance to achieve our collective vision of fully meeting society's needs. What would a more effective and well-structured governance arrangement look like? Can the existing system be modified? Do we need to rebuild it from scratch? We consider the case for evolution versus revolution. Community-wide consideration of these governance issues will be timely and important before, during and following the OceanObs' 19 meeting in September 2019.

DoA: Task 4.4 Transatlantic cooperation and sustainability This task will enhance the European Forum for Coastal Technologies and establish a formal link between the US Alliance for Coastal Technologies and the European Forum for Coastal Technologies. We will strengthen links with coastal observing initiatives around the Atlantic basin including links between EuroGOOS ROOSes, and the regional operational oceanographic systems in the US and Canada. In doing so, we will create a forum for interaction between US IOOS, GOOS regional alliances, and EuroGOOS. The task will develop a strategy for transatlantic sustained measurements in the coastal ocean, building on developments such as OceanObs, Coastal GOOS and JERICO FP7 project, to deliver data for social and economic benefit

A report on sustainability issues and long-term implementation plan for IAOOS. National and European plans for long-term implementation (organization, funding, role of the different nations, EU, role and international partners) of the Atlantic observing system will be prepared.

A workshop was held on October 16th to 18th 2013 at the Villefranche observatory to outline progress on emerging technologies within the JERICO FP7 project (Work-package 10). A particular focus of the workshop was to invite researchers outside the project consortium to: • Learn of technology developments within JERICO and • Present results of their own experiments and technology development The workshop was a mixture of invited talks and practical demonstrations of some of the technologies involved. There were a total of 24 invited talks and 2 additional practical demonstrations. The talks focused on 5 key tasks within the emerging technologies area: 10.1 Biological compartments 10.2 Contaminants 10.3 Profiling technologies 10.4 Ships/vessels of opportunity 10.5 Ferrybox Quality Control algorithm development In parallel to the workshop, DO sensors inter-comparison exercise has been done in Villefranche/Mer (following the calibration experiment done in IFREMER, Brest). The objective was to compare the accuracy and precision of existing sensors used in coastal oceanography. Five sensors have been selected: SBE43 and SBE63 (SEABIRD), optode 4330 and 3975 (Aanderaa) and one HOBO (Onset). These sensors have been deployed 2 times at 2 depths (October and December 2013) with successive oxygen Winkler sampling (used as reference). More details will be available on the report (in preparation). This report contains a summary of the work presented by various researchers who attended the workshop. The slides of each presentation are listed in this report, section by section.

This report describes the different actions carried out within the Forum for Coastal Technology framework. FCT’s actions were implemented to better encourage collaboration between public stakeholders (scientists, managers, executives, ..) and private companies to ensure a common and coherent approach of the technical developments for operational oceanographic systems. In that sense, the two main FCT actions for this first JERICO’s year were dedicated to (1) enquire about needs and expectations from companies manufacturing oceanographic instrumentations and sensors companies and (2) the organisation of the first FCT workshop at the Sea Tech Week event in Brest (France, october 2012).

MCCIP Science Review 2013, 1-12

This report presents the JERICO Forum for Coastal Technologies (FCT). In Europe there is a high level of research in public and academic institutes, but this research doesn't always lead to instruments that are able to be used in an operational way. To give momentum, one must create (or make understandable) the value of the technology to the instrument user. Companies need visibility to invest in the oceanographic market (which is a niche market). Looking outside the traditional technical and scientific environment, many technologies could be suitable to develop new sensors. On the other hand, many instrument users don't have a sound knowledge of the available market. In the above context, JERICO organises a ‘Forum for Coastal Technologies (FCT)’. This forum aims to facilitate informal exchanges on scientific and technical topics/issues related to the coastal environment monitoring. In particular the FCT should : • provide a strong interface between SMEs, industry, stakeholders and science & technology, e.g. by joint developments and technology transfer, • provide a market intelligence tool, indicator of the tendencies/growth in the JERICO related market for instruments and services, • seed an Euro-Act, based on the model and in close collaboration with the USAlliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) organisation, • provide an unbiased third party test-bed for sensors and measuring systems, • analyse the market, forecasting scientific and societal needs for new coastal observations, • identify upcoming standards for quality assessment and for reducing equipment and maintenance costs, by exchanging ideas about best practices, • sustain joint research and development initiatives on sensors and platforms. As a first step to set up this forum, the FCT "Terms of Reference" has been prepared. This latter describes the expected activities such as workshops and experiments organization. This is documented in section 1. A dedicated webpage is available at http://www.jericofp7.eu./coastal-technologies. The expected main outcome of the FCT is to get industry and sensor users working together in a win-win situation. To initiate this, online surveys have been carried out with Surveymonkey®. The first FCT survey has been dedicated and completed by the JERICO’s partners. The aims were to determine the FCT’s perimeter and boundaries. The results of this first survey are given in annex 1. To date, a second survey is still in progress. Basically, this survey is dedicated to companies (major groups and SMEs) that either develop, use or supply sensors, instrumentation and platforms to monitor coastal oceanographic parameters and processes. The aims of this second questionnaire are to : • assess the industry knowledge about the oceanographic community needs. • evaluate how the sensor user community is aware of the last R&D developments and commercial offers .

A report on sustainability issues and long-term implementation plan for IAOOS. National and European plans for long-term implementation (organization, funding, role of the different nations, EU, role and international partners) of the Atlantic observing system will be prepared.