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Textile materials and structures have gained significant attention in the field of noise reduction due to their porosity, softness, and good acoustic absorption properties. Porous materials are an excellent example of passive materials, which reduces sound energy by dissipating heat energy due to the presence of void structure. In textiles, nonwovens are highly porous and less expensive materials compared to woven and knitted structures. In this research, flax, jute, and polyester nonwovens were used to study the effect of various parameters such as fiber fineness, fiber cross section, areal density, and punch density on the airflow resistivity of the nonwovens and in turn its influence on the sound absorption coefficient. It was observed that the acoustic performance of woven and nonwoven structures is mainly dependent on the porosity or bulk density of the structure which also influences the airflow resistivity of the fabrics. Therefore, the investigation of the airflow resistance of the nonwovens and its correlation with the sound absorption coefficient became an important part of this study. An instrument based on ISO 9053 standard was fabricated to measure the airflow resistivity. It was observed that the increase in the areal density leads to increase in the airflow resistance of the nonwoven. The airflow resistance increases as the mass density increases and porosity decreases. It was observed that the sound absorption coefficient and airflow resistance were directly proportional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental concerns promote demand for biodegradable packaging on a global scale. Jute fiber packaging could be a viable and sustainable alternative to pure synthetic materials. In this study, sustainable antimicrobial jute-polyethylene nonwoven fabric is developed by the heat press of jute web and polyethylene pellets. The performance of the developed samples was evaluated by analyzing their morphological, mechanical, thermal, moisture management, and antibacterial properties. SEM confirmed the homogeneous interfacial adhesion between jute-polyethylene. FTIR spectra proved the existence of jute, polyethylene, and peppermint oil in the developed samples. Mechanical property was investigated using a universal strength tester while tensile strength and elongation (%) were sufficient. The low thermal conductivities were observed in the samples. The moisture management tester confirmed the unavailability of the moisture in the inner surface from the outer surface. Furthermore, the samples exhibited significant antibacterial properties because of the application of peppermint essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonwovens are among the most commonly used textiles in various industries. Therefore, the study of their behavior under different stresses has always been of interest to researchers. In this paper, four nonwoven fabrics with weights of 30, 70, 90 and 160 g/m2 were selected. First, each fabric was subjected to a tensile load in different directions. Subsequently based on the results obtained, the parameters related to the elastic and plastic properties, as well as the progressive damage in each direction, were determined. Next, a model was created to simulate the shear stress on fabrics using Finite Element Method (FEM). On the other hand, it was assumed that the fabrics cab be made up of one, two or three-layer structures, with each layer being defined by the tensile behavior of the fabric in a specific direction. The comparison between the experimental results and the FEM output revealed that the single-layer models have relatively low accuracy regardless of the fabric weight. For fabrics weighing less than 80 g/m2, the three-layer structure can achieve the relative error of 7% and lower by combining the tensile properties in the longitudinal and diagonal directions. Moreover, even for the fabrics that are heavier, the three-layer structure can be used by combining the tensile properties in the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal directions. But in this case, it leads to the relative error of 13% and lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrospinning process parameters for producing polyamide 11 (PA11) nanofibers using formic acid (FA) as the solvent were investigated. Key variables such as solution concentration, tip-to-collector distance, applied voltage, flow rate, and the introduction of a second electric field were optimized to produce uniform, bead-free nanofibers. Preliminary studies indicated that a 10% (w/v) PA11/FA solution concentration, a 25 kV voltage applied to the collector, a 12 cm tip-to-collector distance and a flow rate of 0.03 mL/min yielded the most consistent results in a conventional nozzle electrospinning setup. The effects of distance, voltage, and flow rate on fiber morphology were examined, with increased distance producing thinner fibers due to improved solvent evaporation, while higher voltages resulted in thicker fibers, highlighting the complex interplay between these parameters. Flow rate also played a significant role in fiber formation. The incorporation of charged metallic rings along the jet path, introducing a second electric field, further improved fiber uniformity. The most significant effect on the morphology of electrospun PA11 fibers was observed with rings connected to increasing voltage values, resulting in fibers with an average diameter of 145.7 ± 23.7 nm, minimal bead formation, and uniform circular cross-section. These optimized electrospinning parameters and the application of a second electric field show potential for improving fiber quality in applications such as filtration, textiles, and tissue engineering, contributing to a deeper understanding of PA11 electrospinning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Efforts are underway to prioritize the development of rapid and economical approaches for treating wastewater emanating from textile industries that utilize dyes. This focus is driven by the heightened environmental and ecological risks posed by such waste, presenting an escalated threat to both nature and living organisms. In this work, a graphene-coated cotton nonwoven fabric is developed by initially depositing graphene oxide (GO) suspension on it, employing the vacuum infusion method (VIM), giving an even coating, and then converting it to graphene. The VIM provides an excellent fiber-to-solution ratio with negligible to no voids in the finished sample. This allows a rapid and durable way of GO adhesion on the absorbent nonwoven material. The prepared samples were used for adsorption of methylene blue (M.B) dye by photocatalytic activity (PCA). The results of this work reveal that the nonwoven coated with the graphene through VIM effectively removed 96% of the M.B particles in only 30 min, which is very less time compared to conventional coating methods of padding and dip-dry coating, which removed the dyes in more than 120 min with dye adsorption efficiencies of 80 and 77%, respectively. Surface chemistry and characterization of the coated nonwoven fabric showed that the deposition of graphene nanosheets through VIM enhances the uniformity and more GO may be coated on the surface of the substrate. The samples were characterized by using atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the stability of the graphene coating in water was also evaluated and UV-Vis transmittance spectrum showed that there were no fragments or particles peeled off the sample, indicating its stability in water. These promising results support the idea that the present approach of VIM coating is useful for the fabrication of photo catalytically active fabrics in the field of graphene-based environmental photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming and climate change demand rapid and swift action in terms of reducing resource consumption, gas emissions, and waste generation. The textile industry is responsible for a large share of global pollution; therefore, to define a route to tackle part of the issue, a literature review on the current state of research in the field of recycling silk waste was conducted. The methods used to recover, process, and characterize silk waste fibers were summarized. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible applications of recycled silk waste in the field of composite materials for load bearing applications. In this sense, some prominent studies in the field of silk-based composites were reported, favoring thermoplastic materials for sustainability reasons. Studies on nonwoven silk waste fabrics were covered as well, finding an abundance of results but no applications as a reinforcement for composite materials. In a circular economy approach, we believe that the combination of nonwoven silk waste fabrics, thermoplastic polymers, and possibly hybridization with other fibers from sustainable sources could be beneficial and could lead to green and high-performance products. The aim of this work was to summarize the information available so far and help define a route in that direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafine membranes produced via electrospinning exhibit multidirectional strength and elasticity. In contrast to compact polymer films or coatings, they also have an exceptional surface-to-volume ratio, which makes them attractive carrier structures for many biomedical applications, also with regard to the release of bioactive substances. Within the scope of an orientation study we investigated the mechanical properties of biodegradable nanofibrous carrier materials using tensile specimens made of nanoparticle loaded polydioxanone (PDO), polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS). Mass loss and tensile strength as well as pH changes during incubation at 37°C in an unbuffered isotonic saline solution with 10% ethanol were examined within defined time periods up to 33 days. Initial tests with several antibacterial additives, especially TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles and octenidine were performed.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in the use of polypropylene-based masks, leading to challenges related to raw material waste and supply limitations. This study aims to identify the optimal ratio of recycled and standard polypropylene fibers to produce a nonwoven spun-bond fabric with the best possible strength and elongation properties. In the rapidly expanding industry, polypropylene (PP)-based nonwoven fabrics (spunbond and meltblown) are increasingly being recycled by converting fabric waste into granules, which are then blended with virgin PP in specific proportions for reuse in production. This research focuses on analyzing the tensile strength and elongation at break of spunbond fabrics. First, fabric wastes from Spunbond-Meltblown processes were converted into granules, and their melt flow index (MFI) values were measured. These granules were then blended with virgin polypropylene fibers in varying proportions, resulting in five different spunbond fabric samples. The mechanical properties of these samples were compared with those of a fabric produced solely from virgin PP. The optimal mixing ratio of recycled to virgin fibers was then determined based on the results. The MFI of the recycled PP1 waste was measured at 38, while the MFI of a 75%-25% Spunbond-Meltblown waste blend (Recycle-PP5) was 104. Spunbond fabrics were produced by blending Recycle-PP1 granules with virgin raw material at ratios ranging from 0% to 20%. It was found that a 10% blend of recycled granules yielded the best results without compromising fabric quality. Higher proportions of recycled granules led to defects in the fabric. For instance, the tensile strength of spunbond fabrics containing 20% Recycle-PP5 granules decreased by approximately 26.9% compared to the fabric produced with 100% virgin PP. This study demonstrates the potential for using recycled granules in spunbond fabric production for specific applications, based on the observed strength properties. A key distinction of this research from existing literature is the identification of the most effective blending ratio of recycled and virgin polypropylene in a conventional production setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the production of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics, the direction of needle barbs is towards the tip of the needle. When the needle penetrates into the fabric, the barbs carry some fibres into the fabric and when it returns the barbs are empty. This means that, the needle works when it penetrates into the fabric and doesn't work when it returns. Using a bi-directional barb needle in the needle-punch process was proposed as an idea with the theory that, the needle also works when returning (leaving the layer). This study investigates the physical properties of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics produced with unidirectional and bi-directional needle types. Effects of needle penetration depth (NPD), strokes per minute (SPM), and needle type (N1, N2) on properties such as gram per square meter (GSM), thickness, fabric density (FD), and static puncture resistance (SPR) are examined. An experiment with 19 runs was designed using response surface methodology and optimal design with two quantitative factors, including NPD and SPM, and one qualitative factor containing needle types. In addition, four responses were measured and reported, including GSM, thickness, FD, and SPR. Test results show that needle N2 produces a fabric with lower FD, higher GSM, thickness, and SPR in comparison to needle N1, and was selected in optimization process with a desirability value of 0.872 against 0.688 for needle N1. The improved fabric properties of needle N2 may be exploited for the economic benefits of the nonwoven fabric producers or textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroentanglement is a mechanical bonding process designed to produce nonwoven fabrics with appearances and textures that resemble woven and knitted fabrics. Eleven samples of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics with different compositions and weights were subjected to a series of uniaxial stress-strain tests. Models, ranging from the simple Kelvin to the more complicated Kelvin–Vangheluwe, were fitted to the experimental data to find a generalized and universal model. In this model, a nonwoven fabric was considered a nonlinear viscoelastic material. The combination of Kelvin and Vangheluwe models resulted in an excellent fit to the uniaxial stress-strain curves. The model-predicted results almost overlapped with the experimental data, an indication of its excellent accuracy in predicting the mechanical behavior of nonwoven fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A semi-empirical model for the assessment and an optimization procedure of the sound absorption coefficient of compressed nonwoven fibrous materials made from recycled Nylon fibers (RNF) is developed. In general, the prediction of the sound absorption properties of materials requires the measurement of non-acoustic parameters by specialized characterization tools that are not always within reach of most laboratories. The objective of the proposed model is to establish empirical relationships between these non-acoustic parameters and the bulk density of RNF materials. These empirical relationships are then substituted into a conventional acoustic model for porous materials, namely, the model of Johnson-Champoux-Allard. The proposed model accurately predicts the sound absorption coefficients of compressed RNF materials based solely on bulk density, thickness, and frequency. This prediction is validated through impedance tube measurements. Moreover, the model is used with a proposed optimization producedure to identify the ideal density and thickness for maximum sound absorption at a specific frequency. Impedance tube measurements on optimized configurations confirm the effectiveness of this optimization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study dealt with development of nonwoven mulch mat from textile waste and its evaluation in the field for chilli crop. Six needle-punched nonwoven mulches were developed from textile mill waste comprising of cotton, polyester and acrylic in two different ratios. All ratios were varied with three different areal density ratios i.e. 200, 300 and 400 g/m2 with 4-, 3.5- and 3-mm thickness, respectively. The mulch mats were characterised for their physicomechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, air permeability, thermal insulation and resistance to sunlight degradation. Further, the developed mulches were analysed for its performance in the field on the hybrid variety of chilli CH-27. Parameters, including soil moisture content, soil temperature, weed suppression, yield and soil degradation were investigated through field tests, against a polyethylene mulch, paddy straw and without mulch. The experimental results revealed that the developed nonwoven mulches worked as buffer media between the atmosphere and soil surface and influenced the temperature of soil. These mulches performed better to maintain the soil temperature than the paddy straw and polyethylene mulch. On the basis of plant grown and crop yield, the best much performance was observed with cotton: polyester: acrylic (70:20:10) with 200 g/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thermal resistance of cold-weather clothing is achieved by layering and filling. In this study, kapok/polypropylene blended (70/30, 60/40, and 50/50) needle-punched nonwovens were manufactured with 100 and 200 g/m2 areal density. Chicken feather fibers were used as fillers for developing quilted composite structures (QCS). To produce a QCS, 100 and 200 g/m2 nonwovens were individually used as the top and bottom layers, and the middle layer was filled with chicken feather fibers in 100, 200, 350, 550, 600, and 850 g by weights. The structures were characterized for thermal properties, and it was noted that 70/30 kapok/polypropylene nonwovens in 100 g/m2 set had the highest thermal resistance between 0.5901–0.6461 °C m2/W. Thermal resistance is greatly influenced by kapok, chicken feather fiber quantity in the assembly along with the areal density (1000 g/m2) of the QCS. Results show that the developed QCS has higher thermal insulation and can be used for cold-weather apparel and sleeping bag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of an appropriate fabric for technical applications, such as protective masks, hinges on a thorough understanding of the fabric's physical and mechanical properties. This study addresses the challenge of selecting the optimal material structure for the upper layer of a protective mask, aiming to ensure adequate breathability while providing effective filtration against airborne particles and contaminants. We assessed and compared the physical–mechanical properties of five polymer spun-bond nonwoven fabrics from different suppliers. Our comprehensive evaluation included, as follows: a visual inspection; light permeability analysis; mass and thickness measurements; elongation and tensile strength tests; breathing resistance assessments; and filter penetration tests with paraffin oil. The results revealed significant variations in performance among the samples, with one fabric consistently outperforming the others across multiple parameters. Notably, this top-performing fabric met or exceeded the EN 149:2001+A1:2009 standard for breathing resistance and filtration efficiency and, in combination with additional filter layers, met the requirements or exceeded class FFP2 (filtering face piece). This study underscores the importance of meticulous material selection and quality control in optimizing PPE (personal protective equipment) performance and user safety, providing valuable insights for mask manufacturers and healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of the advancement in cellulose-based materials over the past few years has unquestionably been made through the extraction of micro-sized fibers from plant sources. One of the most noticeable fiber crops with exceptional cellulose content among the best fibers is Hibiscus sabdariffa L. In this study, a novel attempt was made to produce the eco-friendly nonwoven fabric using H. sabdariffa L. fiber through spun lacing technology. Subsequently, the spun-laced nonwoven has been coated with Vitex negundo L. extract to enhance the anti-microbial, anti-fungal, and moisture management properties through pad–dry–cure method. H. sabdariffa L. fiber extraction was accomplished with the use of bacterial retting. The extracted fibers were de-lignified to reduce the stiffness and increase the softness and flexibility of the nonwoven fabric. Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out between the raw H. sabdariffa L. and V. negundo L. treated fiber. The antibacterial and antifungal efficacies of the nonwoven fabric were analyzed. The overall moisture management capability (OMMC) of the non-woven fabric was reported as 0.63. It was also discovered that V. negundo L.–treated H. sabdariffa L. nonwoven has potent antibacterial and antifungal properties against the pathogens tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt has been made to optimize areal density and number of layers of needle-punched jute nonwoven fabric for the development of a rigid composite with desirable performance properties using Taguchi L9 experimental design. The hand lay-up followed by compression molding protocol was used to prepare composite sheet with jute nonwoven fabric as reinforcement and unsaturated polyester resin as matrix. We evaluated the tensile strength, flexural strength, and volume of reinforcement of the developed composites, and analyzed the data in Minitab 18.0 software to optimize the processing conditions. Results inferred that the areal density of jute fabric reinforcement positively influenced the mechanical properties of the composite sheet, while the number of layers had a negative impact. Statistical analysis revealed that 400 GSM jute nonwoven fabric in three layers could be an optimum condition to develop a rigid composite sheet with the desirable properties of an automobile product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an attempt has been made to improve the strength and impermeability of jute bonded nonwoven from 95 to 285 g/m2 areal density by single side or both side lamination with polyethylene sheet of around 15 − 20% by weight using Ethylene Vinyle Acetate adhesive film. Preheating of nonwoven with 100 °C for 20 min and three subsequent runs show a higher peeling force. Adding poly sheets on nonwoven increases tenacity, total energy, bending modulus, seam strength, and tear strength but reduces thermal insulation and makes air and water permeability zero. The effect of one-side lamination, both-side lamination, and areal density of nonwoven has been studied. Higher g/m2 of a nonwoven shows better properties than lower gsm for single-side lamination. The performance of the bag made out of optimised lightweight fabric has been evaluated and compared with the commercial synthetic counterpart, and observed that the developed fabric is better. A process has been suggested without needling. For that light-weight fabric, calendaring temperature, pressure, and speed have been optimised as 150/120 °C, 20KPa, and 0.75 m/min, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the continuous optimization of cutting plans, the cotton scrap size resulting from the cutting of components for clothing production (post-industrial residues) is often considered insufficient to obtain fibres with the proper length to produce a new yarn through mechanical recycling processes; so it is important to search for other applications for these wastes. In this context, small pieces of cotton were submitted to a shredding process to obtain recycled fibres. Cotton small pieces and recycled fibres were then submitted to a refining process to achieve refined fibres. Using these materials alone and in blends with refined and unrefined bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEKP), wet-laid nonwovens were developed and characterized. An analysis of the results revealed that the replacement of unrefined BEKP by 70% cotton waste fibres in wet-laid nonwovens, reducing the use of virgin raw material, enhances the structures’ mechanical properties by 80% and 14%, for small pieces or recycled fibres, respectively. Additionally, refining small pieces of cotton seems to be more promising than refining recycled fibres, because less steps are required to obtain wet-laid nonwovens with better mechanical properties. These results highlight the potential of this approach to be explored further for different products and end applications.

Nonwoven filter media are used in many industrial applications due to their high filtration efficiency and great variety of compositions and structures which can be produced by different processes. During filter operation in the separation process, the fluid flow exerts forces on the filter medium which leads to its deformation, and in extreme cases damage. In order to design or select a reliable filter medium for a given application, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of the nonwoven material. In general, the properties of the filter material are influenced by temperature and can be changed during loading due to irreversible deformation, fatigue, and aging processes. In order to gain a deeper comprehension, the presented study examines the influence of temperature and repeated tensile stress on the filter medium properties. The focus is on fuel and oil filters employed in automotive applications. The characteristic properties of the samples, including thickness, porosity, and permeability as well as Young's modulus and Poisson's number, are measured. Young's modulus is determined for both new and aged samples. In addition, the viscoelastic behavior is investigated via a dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results demonstrate a significant dependence of mechanical properties on the material composition and the aging effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three types of nonwoven structures, viz. one mono-component (100 % cotton) and two bi-components (homogeneously dispersed fibres and layer-wise assembled fibres) have been prepared and then evaluated for absorption performance. The addition of superabsorbent (SAF) fibres into the nonwoven structure marginally improves the absorption capacity of the homogeneously blended structure in comparison to the 100 % cotton web. The liquid (synthetic urine) retention of the cotton web is found to vary between 45 % and 65 %, depending upon the external pressure. The SAF, however, increases the retention capacity significantly. Amongst all the structures, the retention of layered structure is found to be superior to the rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Our country has been importing various kinds of wallpaper from different countries for many years. With the increase of foreign exchange problems, the local production of wallpaper and its self-sufficiency has been proposed as a suitable solution. On the other hand, currently, domestic companies are producing paper from white waste paper, which is not justified for use as printing and writing grades due to many problems. However, many companies in the country are producing white grades from white waste paper, the use of which as a base paper in the production of decorative paper or wall paper has not been scientifically investigated. The purpose of this research is to study and investigate the possibility of producing wall paper from recycled white paper produced in the country. Methodology: The stages of this project were carried out in 6 separate and consecutive phases, which include: 1) determining the quality characteristics of the papers; 2) preparation of coating material formulation with starch as binder; 3) preparation of coating material formulation with latex and starch as binder; 4) coating of papers with the prepared coating formulations ; 5) Coating papers and non-woven fabric (Non-Woven) with polyvinyl chloride (PVC); 6) Application of four-color printing on the selected samples of coated papers. For this purpose, first, samples of papers produced by several Iranian companies were acquired and they were transferred to the laboratory of Biosystems and Bioproducts of Shahid Beheshti University for coating and performing the necessary treatments. In order to perform the mentioned treatment on the paper samples, various chemical substances were used, including calcium carbonate powder, kaolin, titanium oxide, corn starch, latex and PVC powder. With this aim, coating solutions with different percentage of solids were prepared steadily and with trial and error using various combinations of these materials (with a total of 110 and 124 parts). Then, these coated solutions were added on various domestic base papers (mostly recycled). Finally, the image of a flower was printed in four colors on the most desirable coated papers. Results: In determining the quality characteristics of base papers, including measurements of water absorption, ash content, thickness, permeability to air, tensile strength, tear resistance index and burst resistance index, two paper samples produced by two companies of Pardis Paper and Tabriz paper were selected as the best and considering the amount of ash, Tabriz paper was introduced as the base paper more suitable than other local papers. Further, after applying the coating material, coated papers with a relatively favorable appearance and whiteness percentages of about 60 to 85 were obtained, and finally, based on the results, a significant relationship was found between the increase in the solids percentage of the coated solutions and the whiteness percentage of the coated paper. Also, after the printing operation on the selected samples, Rasha Superkraft and Tabriz Kraft papers were introduced as the best samples. Also, the highest quality of printing was reached with PVC on Pars white paper with 16% PVC, on whitetop Rasha with 28% PVC and on non-woven fabric (non-woven fabric) with 28% PVC compared to the weight of the paper. Conclusion: The conclusion of the results of this research are listed below: A) The best solid percentage of coating solution (concentration of the mixture) was 41-46%. b) The best combination of binder and pigment, equal to 100 + 12 + 12 = 124 parts and the ratio of the dry weight of the coating mixture added to the dry weight of the base paper is equal to 12%. c) The highest whiteness obtained by adding calcium carbonate + titanium oxide + starch. t) The most suitable concentration of starch that can be used in the coating solution is 15%. c) The best coating and uniform and good coating appearance was obtained on Rasha Superkraft paper with the formula: kaolin + titanium oxide + latex with a whiteness of 77.7% and on Tabriz kraft paper with the formula: kaolin + titanium oxide + latex, with a whiteness of 71.8%. If higher whiteness is desired, using calcium carbonate instead of kaolin would give a better result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the continuous optimization of cutting plans, the cotton scrap size resulting from the cutting of components for clothing production (post-industrial residues) is often considered insufficient to obtain fibres with the proper length to produce a new yarn through mechanical recycling processes; so it is important to search for other applications for these wastes. In this context, small pieces of cotton were submitted to a shredding process to obtain recycled fibres. Cotton small pieces and recycled fibres were then submitted to a refining process to achieve refined fibres. Using these materials alone and in blends with refined and unrefined bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEKP), wet-laid nonwovens were developed and characterized. An analysis of the results revealed that the replacement of unrefined BEKP by 70% cotton waste fibres in wet-laid nonwovens, reducing the use of virgin raw material, enhances the structures' mechanical properties by 80% and 14%, for small pieces or recycled fibres, respectively. Additionally, refining small pieces of cotton seems to be more promising than refining recycled fibres, because less steps are required to obtain wet-laid nonwovens with better mechanical properties. These results highlight the potential of this approach to be explored further for different products and end applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The focus of this study is to conduct pioneering research on utilizing poplar seed hair fibers in needle punched nonwovens. These fibers were blended with hollow PET fibers at two different weight ratios to obtain needle punched webs for the first time. The weight, thickness, abrasion resistance, bursting and tensile properties, hydrophobic/oleophilic surface characteristics of the nonwovens are analyzed elaborately. Finally, it has been demonstrated that poplar fiber-containing nonwovens have superior rose oil absorption compared to solely PET nonwoven fabrics. When compared the maximum adsorption capacities, the incorporation of 37.3 wt.% and 21.7 wt.% poplar fiber into PET nonwoven increased the oil absorption by approximately 35 and 24 times, respectively. Although pristine PET nonwoven was able to remove only 16% of MB dye from aqueous dye solution, addition of poplar fiber enhanced the removal process and the solution had been decolorized to nearly colorless. The results indicated that poplar blended nonwoven fabrics treated with NaClO2 show the high-performance removal of MB dye from wastewater, with the increased percentage of 40% and 67% for PET-PO30 and PET-PO60 fabric, respectively. Therefore, developing industrial scale surfaces with non-traditional and sustainable poplar seed fibers, marks a significant advancement for the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the biological properties of a composite material composed of poly(lactide) (PLA) and iron (Fe) produced by sputtering iron onto melt-blown poly(lactide) nonwoven fabrics. The research aimed to thoroughly understand the structure and properties of these materials and their potential applications in biomedicine. We conducted comprehensive chemical and structural analyses using techniques such as microscopic analysis, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis to precisely determine the properties of PLA-Fe materials. Additionally, we evaluated their impact on blood coagulation processes by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). We also performed biological analyses on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM cells) including cell viability and DNA damage. Our results clearly demonstrate that PLA-Fe materials do not significantly influence blood coagulation mechanisms, as they only slightly prolong aPTT time and have no effect on PT. This suggests their potential in biomedical applications. Our results indicate the absence of cyto- and genotoxic properties of PLA-Fe materials against normal blood cells. In conclusion, the research findings suggest that the novel poly(lactide) and iron-sputtered nonwoven fabrics are promising tools in the field of biomedicine, offering potentially innovative therapeutic solutions for the treatment of wounds and injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical properties of nonwoven wet wipe fabrics have a strong influence on the ability of microorganisms to attach and multiply, until a biofilm is formed. Cellulose-based fabrics, being biodegradable, represent a major contamination risk. In addition, having a hydrophilic nature, they provide a good platform for microorganisms attachment. To optimize biodegradable wet wipes antimicrobial quality, it is crucial to assess the impact of physicochemical properties, e.g., density, pore size, fiber diameter, contact angle and surface charge. Here, we investigated the physical characteristics of commonly used nonwoven fabrics from both synthetic (Polyethylene terephthalate, PET) and natural components (wood pulp and viscose), to evaluate their effect on microbial contamination. We found that the hydrophobicity of the fabric had varying influence on attachment, depending on the microbial strain. However, the geometry, as well as the fabric pore size greatly affected attachment regardless of the microbial strain, in which a larger pore size resulted in lower accumulation of microbial biomass. Our study gives insight into the characteristics of wet wipes that can affect the preservation efficacy and microbial contamination risk, in one of the biggest segments in the personal care industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hexahedron reverberation box was utilized to measure the reverberation time of samples in a diffuse acoustic field. The aim of this study is to design a mathematical model that accurately represents the correlation between frequency and absorption coefficient for analysis. The same was obtained by aligning the noise absorption coefficients (NACs) determined through an impedance tube and calculated based on the reverberation time. The analysis indicated that jute fiber exhibits superior performance compared to other natural fibers, such as rock and glass wool, in the attenuation of sound frequencies above 2200 Hz. The results motivated further investigation over jute nonwoven fabric to conduct layer analysis (1–7) and to examine the impact of thickness. Thereby, a dataset was compiled consisting of 11 fibrous samples (nine natural and two commercial fibers) and jute nonwoven fabric. The empirical model was developed regardless of the type of fiber or thickness of the nonwoven fabric, and it was successfully validated for three additional fibers (banana, pineapple, and ramie). The predictive model exhibited a high level of accuracy in estimating the NAC, displaying a strong similarity to that of impedance tube measurements. The achieved mean absolute error ranges for the predictions are between 0.02 and 0.03 only. The main discovery of this study revolves around the recognition of frequency of sound as a crucial variable and its application in predicting the NAC for the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The tensile behaviour dependency on the process parameters of blended nonwoven fabric is highly non-linear. This paper explores the potentiality of fuzzy logic inference in such a nonlinear environment as predictive process modelling with minimal experimental data. A model based on fuzzy inference engine has been attempted using recycled polyester fibre blend percentage, needling density and depth of needle penetration as the input variables and tensile strength in both machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD) as the output variables. Proposed model was built in MAT LAB/Simulink and has been verified by experimental sample data set. Mean relative error percentage and correlation coefficient between the fuzzy model predicted and actual experimental sample values were found to be around ±2.5% and up to 0.97 respectively. These results validate that the model may be applied with high accuracies for the prediction of tensile behaviour of the blended nonwoven fabric in the textile industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative types of dressings should manifest biodegradability and non-immunogenicity and prevent dehydration. The mentioned technological features are demonstrated by polymeric, nonwoven propolis dressings, which exhibit regenerative properties, produced with the implementation of the electrospinning method. These features are highly needed in the course of burn wound healing. To analyze the dynamics of the changes in content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as heparan sulfates and hyaluronan, a well-known protocol of burn wound healing (the Hoekstra model) was used. Burn wounds were subsequently treated with nonwoven dressings containing either 5% wt or 10% wt propolis. Control groups were treated with either a saline salt solution or nonwoven dressings without propolis. Statistical differences between groups were determined by a multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests. Evaluation of the effectiveness of nonwoven dressings containing 5% wt and 10% wt propolis in healing burn wounds, based on the dynamics and concentration of GAGs, revealed apitherapeutic positive effects on injured tissue healing. This research underscores the advantageous impact of utilizing nonwoven dressings containing propolis for the treatment of burn wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel surface dye molecularly imprinted bacterial cellulose nanofiber nonwoven (DMIBC) has been successfully prepared using two-step process by surface molecule-imprinting method combined with electrospinning technique to improve the selective adsorption capacity using methylene blue (MB) dye molecule as the target pollutant. Scanning electron microscopy, surface area and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize with the physico-chemical characteristics of the prepared DMIBC. The as-prepared DMIBC nanofiber nonwoven has small average nanofiber diameter of 172.6 ± 17 nm with large specific surface area of 233.64 ± 22.6 m2/g, which are favorable for adsorption. To systematically investigate the adsorption performances such as adsorption capacity and selectivity coefficient of the prepared DMIBC-MB nano-adsorbent for MB dye molecules, the effect of solution pH value, initial dye molecule concentrations, adsorption time, solution temperature and competitive dye molecules has been studied. The maximum adsorption capacity of 4250 mg/g can be reached at pH value of 6.0. The calculated adsorption selectivity coefficients and molecule imprinting factors suggest that DMIBC-MB nano-adsorbent possesses excellent adsorption selectivity for imprinted MB dye molecule. The dye adsorption isotherm models and kinetics models were also applied to analyze the adsorption mechanism of DMIBC nano-adsorbent for MB dye molecules. Durability test indicated that the adsorption capacity of DMIBC nano-adsorbent could remain 92.1% of the initial adsorption capacity after 10 consecutive regeneration cycles. In general, the DMIBC nano-adsorbent with highly selective removal of MB dye molecules could be applied for dye wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming and climate change demand rapid and swift action in terms of reducing resource consumption, gas emissions, and waste generation. The textile industry is responsible for a large share of global pollution; therefore, to define a route to tackle part of the issue, a literature review on the current state of research in the field of recycling silk waste was conducted. The methods used to recover, process, and characterize silk waste fibers were summarized. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible applications of recycled silk waste in the field of composite materials for load bearing applications. In this sense, some prominent studies in the field of silk-based composites were reported, favoring thermoplastic materials for sustainability reasons. Studies on nonwoven silk waste fabrics were covered as well, finding an abundance of results but no applications as a reinforcement for composite materials. In a circular economy approach, we believe that the combination of nonwoven silk waste fabrics, thermoplastic polymers, and possibly hybridization with other fibers from sustainable sources could be beneficial and could lead to green and high-performance products. The aim of this work was to summarize the information available so far and help define a route in that direction.

Silicon is essential to the production of integrated circuits and optical components. Grinding is a commonly used method of silicon surface machining, but it often leads to surface and subsurface damage. These damages need to be removed by subsequent processes, typically through polishing. The surface quality generated by grinding directly impacts the cost of polishing. To enhance the quality of the grinding surface and reduce the time and cost of polishing, a grind-polishing wheel with a different structure from the conventional diamond wheel was developed. This wheel utilized ultrafine zirconia with grit size of 200 nm as abrasives and nonwoven as substrate to support the abrasives. Furthermore, to optimize the wheel and achieve better grinding performance, various wheels with different abrasive mass fractions and elastic moduli were fabricated and grinding experiments were conducted. The surface integrity of processed silicon and the material removal rate (MRR) were used to compare the grinding performance of the various wheels. After optimization, the MRR of the grind-polishing wheel reaches its peak at 0.81 μm/min. The silicon wafer ground with the grind-polishing wheel exhibited a surface roughness S a of 0.51 nm and a subsurface damage depth of 74 nm, which is close to the effect of chemical mechanical polishing processing. Compared to conventional diamond grinding wheel (mesh size of #5000), the optimized grind-polishing wheel is better suited for semi-fine finishing and can significantly reduce the cost and time of polishing. [Display omitted] • Grind-polishing wheel with ultrafine abrasives and nonwoven structure is developed. • The newly developed wheel produces silicon wafer with high surface integrity. • Relationship between wheel characteristics and grinding performance is revealed. • High MRR is obtained by optimizing the characteristics of grind-polishing wheel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the mechanical properties of nonwoven hybrid composites made from recycled cotton/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with various fiber weight percentages (100/0, 0/100, 75/25, 60/40, 50/70, 60/40, and 25/75). The multilayered nonwoven carded webs are manufactured by the carding machine, while the manual lay‐up technique is used to fabricate nonwoven‐reinforced composites. Their tensile, flexural, and impact properties and microstructure are then examined. It is found that the tensile modulus and strength increase with the increase in cotton, while the impact strength improves with the increase in PET. The composite of 75% cotton/25% PET offers 92.13% and 67.87% higher tensile modulus and strength than the composite of 25% cotton/75% PET; however, the composite of 25% cotton/75% PET shows 83.09% and 36.22% higher flexural modulus and strength, and 187% more impact strength, respectively, than the composite of 75% cotton/25% PET. The outcome of this study indicates that nonwoven composites with higher contents of recycled cotton can potentially be applied in building and construction sectors where substantial tensile strength is necessary, while composites with comparatively higher contents of recycled PET may be used for various potential applications (e.g., helmets, surfboards, and automotive interiors) where significant flexural and impact strengths are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]