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In this study, recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) recovered from waste carbon composites were used to manufacture wet-laid nonwoven fabrics. The aim was to improve dispersibility by investigating the changes in the dispersibility of carbon fibers (CFs) based on the content of the dispersant carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and the binder polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the length and basis weight of the CFs. In addition, the chemical property changes and oxygen functional group mechanisms based on the content of the CMC dispersant and PVA binder were investigated. The nonwoven fabrics made with desized CFs exhibited significantly improved dispersibility. For nonwoven fabrics produced with a fixed binder PVA content of 10%, optimal dispersibility was achieved at a dispersant CMC concentration of 0.4%. When the dispersant CMC concentration was fixed at 0.4% and the binder PVA content at 10%, the best dispersibility was observed at a CF length of 3 mm, while the maximum tensile strength was achieved at a fiber length of 6 mm. Dispersibility remained almost consistent across different basis weights. As the dispersant CMC concentration increased from 0.2% to 0.6%, the oxygen functional groups, such as carbonyl group (C=O), lactone group (O=C-O), and natrium hydroxide (NaOH), also increased. However, hydroxyl group (C-O) decreased. Moreover, the contact angle decreased, while the surface free energy increased. On the other hand, when the dispersant CMC concentration was fixed at 0.4%, the optimal binder PVA content was found to be 3%. As the binder PVA content increased from 0% to 10%, the formation of hydrogen bonds between the CMC dispersant and the PVA binder led to an increase in C=O and O=C-O bonds, while C-O and NaOH decreased. As the amount of oxygen increased, the contact angle decreased and the surface free energy increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonwovens have wide application areas due to their advantageous properties like low cost, high production efficiency, and tuneable properties. They are mostly used for disposable products. Combining bicomponent fiber spinning with hydroentanglement method is one of the innovative methods to obtain nonwovens for durable applications. On the other hand, ultrasonic welding is an alternative assembling method for disposable products made of low weight nonwovens. In this study, the ultrasonic weldability of relatively heavier weight and thicker nonwoven fabrics made of polyester: polyamide bicomponent microfilaments were examined in order to combine the advantages of nonwovens and ultrasonic welding. Relatively higher thickness and weight, and also fiber composition of the nonwoven fabrics were compelling effects of the study that drove the motivation. Overall 60 samples were produced using five nonwoven fabrics with varying unit masses and 12 selected ultrasonic welding types. Seam strength and strain assessments were supported with stereomicroscope and visual inspections in evaluating the welds. Results showed that despite having thick seam lines up to 1.6 mm, successful welded seams could be obtained. Depending on the welding parameters, seam lines of some samples exhibited waviness, color changes, and deformations but these situations did not drastically affect the seam strength of samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As nonwovens have advantages like low cost and tunable properties, their implementation to apparels can create advantages. Weakness of nonwoven fabrics for apparel applications arises from their low mechanical properties and drape. However, their properties can be designed by changing the raw materials and production methods. Bicomponent fiber spinning combined with hydroentangling can create advantages by forming microfilaments within the fabric structure, in this regard. Therefore, in this study, nonwoven fabrics of polyester:polyamide 6 (PET/PA6) bicomponent fibers exposed to hydroentangling were tested for their mechanical and in-use properties in order to reveal their usability as apparel fabrics. Results show that mechanical properties of samples reached to a certain level compared to a woven reference fabric. Also, their breathability properties are better than the woven competitor. However, bending and drape properties still require improvements to be used for leisure wear. Apparel models with lower drapes can be selected for nonwoven fabric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid advances in electronic and communication technology, electromagnetic interference and other problems are becoming increasingly prominent. Thus, electromagnetic interference shielding materials have recently garnered extensive attention. In this study, a multi‐walled carbon nanotube/polyurethane/non‐woven electromagnetic shielding material (CPNW) is developed using impregnation and nonsolvent‐induced‐phase separation techniques. Utilizing a three‐dimensional nonwoven network as the substrate, the "nonwoven fabric‐polyurethane‐carbon nanotube" composite is impregnated and cured via the non‐solvent‐induced‐phase separation method, resulting in a distinctive porous dual‐network structure that ensures robust interfacial bonding between carbon nanotubes, nonwoven fabric, and polyurethane. At a carbon nanotube content of 10% (based on the mass of nonwoven fabric), CPNW exhibited an electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 28.8 dB, a thermal conductivity of 0.127 W m−1 K−1, and a burning time of 1 min and 15 s, demonstrating outstanding electromagnetic shielding, flame retardant, and infrared stealth capabilities. Overall, this study laid a theoretical groundwork for the development of multifunctional non‐woven electromagnetic shielding materials with widespread application potential in aerospace, military, artificial intelligence, and wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTPolymer fabrics are versatile materials used in various fields. Surface modification methods for hydrophobic polymer fibers have been developed to endow the materials with water wettability and functionality. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to freely introduce functional groups to polymer fiber surfaces in a simple manner. Herein, we report the decoration of nonwoven fabric surfaces with azidated cello-oligosaccharide assemblies via molecular self-assembly. Cello-oligosaccharides with a terminal azido group were enzymatically synthesized and allowed to self-assemble in polyolefin, polyester, and vinylon nonwoven fabrics. It was found that the functional oligosaccharides formed bark-like assemblies on the nonwoven fiber surfaces, probably through heterogeneous nucleation. The hydrophilic oligosaccharide assemblies made the hydrophobic nonwoven surfaces water-wettable. Moreover, the azido group at oligosaccharide terminal was available for the post-functionalization of the modified nonwovens. In fact, an antigen was successfully conjugated to the modified nonwovens via the click chemistry. The antigen-conjugated nonwovens were useful for the specific and quantitative detection of a corresponding antibody. Our findings demonstrate the great potential of cello-oligosaccharide assembly for the functionalization of fabrics and other polymeric materials.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have great promise for constructing multifunctional fabrics with high electrical conductivity, good electro-heating ability, excellent flexibility, and a low density. However, the inter-fiber contacts in the fabric greatly reduce these advantages and limit their application. Herein, a simple pressure-fusing method to fabricate single-wall CNT (SWCNT) fiber non-woven fabrics (NWFs) that are composed of interconnected SWCNT fibers with fused joints is reported, which have good flexibility, a low density of 0.46 g/cm3, a high electrical conductivity of 3.7 × 105 S/m, and a record high specific electrical conductivity of 803 (S·m2)/kg. They also showed excellent electrical heating ability, so that a temperature of ∼ 160 °C was rapidly reached at a low voltage of 2 V. Combined with their low density, the SWCNT fiber NWFs are promising for use as a heating unit for low temperature battery protection and de-icing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for hygienic nonwovens has increased, especially since 2020. As expected, the market for nonwovens showed an increase during the COVID-19 outbreak, especially in the medical and hygienic nonwovens sector. The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of the permeability properties of hygienic nonwovens that have been mechanically, chemically, and thermally bonded. Hygienic nonwovens are lightweight (from 20 to 120 g/m2), produced by carding (roller carding), and are bonded using three different bonding processes (mechanical, thermal, and chemical). Hygienic nonwovens are intended for protective clothing in hospitals. For the experimental part, the seven different nonwovens used for hygienic purposes were produced using the dry laying process. The samples were produced in Tosama, a factory for sanitary supplies. The research results show that the nonwoven bonding processes have a significant influence on the structural, mechanical, and permeability properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This groundbreaking paper presents a pioneering study that introduces nonwoven fabrics based on nanofibers (NY-NWFANF) derived from recycled nylon 6,12 waste, with a primary focus on their potential in sustainable textile applications. The core objective is to advocate for environmentally sound solid waste management within the textile industry while producing an innovative material with exceptional properties. The NY-NWFANF material exhibits notable strength, flexibility, and unique characteristics, positioning it as a highly promising alternative for a range of textile applications. To achieve these aims, a comprehensive exploration of how adjustments to electrospinning parameters influence the morphology and properties of NY-NWFANF is undertaken. A suite of analytical techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis, is employed to offer an in-depth characterization of the material's structure, composition, and mechanical attributes. Results consistently reveal that an optimal electrospinning solution concentration of 22% yields well-defined NY-NWFANF morphology, regardless of flow rate variations. Additionally, the manipulation of applied voltage and collecting distance significantly influences nanofiber morphology, where an applied voltage of 20 kV and a collecting distance exceeding 15 cm consistently lead to well-defined nanofibers. Through XRD and FTIR analysis, a gradual decline in crystallinity with increasing concentration is observed, and lower applied voltages promote the crystallization of the α-form over the β-form. Intriguingly, BET data highlight NY-NWFANF's remarkable properties, including the highest total surface area and the smallest pore diameters. These exceptional attributes, combined with the material's recyclability and eco-friendly profile, present exciting prospects across diverse textile applications such as filtration, protective clothing, and advanced composites. This research significantly advances sustainable and innovative materials, setting a standard for effective waste management practices in the textile industry. By showcasing the remarkable qualities and versatility of NY-NWFANF, the paper proposes a promising trajectory for the future of textile waste recycling, fostering a more sustainable and resource-efficient approach to managing textile waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibre denier specific carding parameters, such as feeder speed, cylinder speed and doffer speed, have been optimised to modulate the structure of needle-punched nonwoven. Polyester fibres of 3 denier, 4 denier and 6 denier are used to prepare nonwoven fabrics at different carding parameters. Box Behnken three factors three levels factorial design is used to prepare the nonwoven samples. Fibre orientation is measured with the help of Lindsley's and image analysis techniques in terms of indices, like proportion of curved fibre ends, coefficient of relative fibre parallelisation and anisotropy of fibre inclination angle respectively. A non-linear regression technique has been developed to establish a relationship between tortuosity factor and measured values of fibre diameter, proportion of curved fibre ends, coefficient of relative fibre parallelisation, anisotropy of fibre inclination angle and mean flow pore size. The findings show the significance of carding parameters to modulate the orientation of fibres in carded web to enhance the functional properties of needle-punched nonwoven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monforts European-built Montex stenters have earned their leading position for fabric finishing in the technical textiles field as a result of their robustness and lifetime, versatility, reliability, economy and ecology. [...]

Abstract In the present study, a simple, inexpensive, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer was used to enhance the hydrophilicity of the forward osmosis (FO) membrane using various [...]

The article attempts to assess the possibility of using non-woven fabrics made of waste fibers in cladding panels. For this purpose, woolen and polypropylene nonwovens were tested for mass per unit area, characteristic opening size, and lengthwise and crosswise elongation at maximum strength. Non-woven fabrics were placed in the middle of the thickness of cement and gypsum boards and subjected to tests of density, thermal conductivity coefficient λ, and bending strength. The influence of individual nonwoven fabrics with different properties on the properties of the finished composite was determined. It was found that wool nonwoven fabrics had the best effect on the thermal conductivity coefficient. A better affinity for nonwoven fabrics was shown by gypsum mortar. The best influence on the bending strength of the panels had polyester non-woven fabrics with the lowest mass per unit area and the largest characteristic opening size.

Natural fibers can play a vital role in composite and textile industries due to its renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly properties. Areca nut, one of the fiber-rich plants is wasted in large quantities from different industries especially the tobacco industry. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the areca nut fibers from different parts like leaves and husk was discussed. The two different fibers – coarse and fine were studied on the basis of its characteristics, the well-planned extraction methods and production application were analyzed. This organized review will generate a sense of the uses of the areca fibers in fiber composites and nonwoven fabric productions. Also, an insight into the advantages of areca fibers over conventional synthetic fibers is clearly exposed through this review.

The application of nonwoven fabrics in the field of microwave absorption is becoming more and more extensive because of its advantages of light weight, short manufacturing process and strong designability. In this article, polyimide and carbon fiber (PI/CF) nonwoven fabrics were prepared by needle punching process, and then they were immersed in water-based polyurethane (WPU) solution containing different contents of short carbon fiber (SCF, 0–3 mm) to prepare a series of PI/CF/WPU composites. As could be seen from the microscopic morphology that the materials were well impregnated by WPU, and the prepared composites had dense structures. The tensile strength and elongation at break of pure WPU were 13.4 MPa and 161.9%, respectively. The addition of 2 wt.% SCFs in WPU increased the tensile strength to 14.4 MPa by 7.4%, while the addition of 5 wt.% SCFs decreased the tensile strength by 8.2%. Adding 2 wt.% and 5 wt.% SCFs to WPU had little effect on improving the dielectric of pure WPU. But when the PI/CF nonwoven fabrics were added, the dielectric properties of the material greatly improved. The real and imaginary parts of the PI/CF/WPU were 20.2 and 9.5 at 8.2 GHz without SCF addition, 30.4 and 15.7 with 2 wt.% SCFs addition, and 47.2 and 182.8 with 5 wt.% SCFs addition. For PI/CF/WPU without SCF, the reflectivity in the entire X-band was lower than −10 dB in the thickness of 2–2.2 mm. When the thickness was 2.2 mm, the reflectivity reached the minimum value of −25 dB at 12.4 GHz.

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Ultrasonic welding is a welding method that has been applied for welding nonwoven fabrics, with many advantages such as fast speed, high reliability, easy automation and especially less pollution to the environment. This paper studies the optimization of technological parameters in the welding process such as welding time, pressure, and weld shape on the breaking strength of ultrasonic welding of Polypropylene (PP) nonwovens. To evaluate the influence level and find the reasonable technological parameters domain in the paper, the Taguchi method is used in combination with the face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) response surface method. The research results have determined the regression equations used to calculate the breaking strength for each weld shape as well as the optimal domain for the main technological parameters, ensuring the breaking strength of the weld. There are different degrees of influence of technological parameters (shape of the weld zone, welding time and welding pressure) on the breaking strength of ultrasonic welds. Among them, the influence level of welding time t is 45.31 %, the weld shape is Pattern 2 with the rate of 30.03 %, and the welding pressure is 24.66 %. Carrying out a verification test with the welding parameters: t = 1.6 s, p = 3.1 kgf/cm2, two patterns (Pattern 2 and Pattern 3), the result of breaking strength for patterns was achieved. Pattern 2 has a difference of 1.19 % between the regression equation results and the actual experimental results, while the figure for Pattern 3 is 0.77 %. From these results, it is possible to select the appropriate technological parameters for ultrasonic welding equipment when processing products from nonwoven fabrics to ensure the highest quality and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]