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The two main issues at this time are environmental contamination and fossil fuels depletion. Numerous biofuels have been put to the test by researchers for compression ignition (CI) engines to deal with these issues. Waste cooking oil (WCO), a readily available, inexpensive, renewable and biofuel, has been proven to be an excellent substitute fuel for CI engines. Unfortunately, the inferior fuel characteristics of WCO were to blame for the poor combustion of CI engines. Low engine performance and high exhaust emissions were caused by poor combustion. Several techniques were used in the current experimental examination to enhance the performance of CI engines using WCO as the basic fuel. WCO was used during the entire research project and was acquired in bulk from a restaurant. The engine employed in this investigation was a single-cylinder, water-cooled, four-stroke, direct-injection CI engine. For testing purposes, one-time used waste cooking oil (OTWCO), two-times used waste cooking oil (TTWCO) and diesel were employed in the project's early stages. Then, during the second phase, studies were carried out by converting OTWCO into one-time used waste cooking oil biodiesel (OTWCOB) and two-times used waste cooking oil into two-times used waste cooking biodiesel (TTWCOB) via transesterification processes. All the experimental results from the various fuels were then compared and analysed. It was discovered that OTWCO and TTWCO produced more exhaust pollutants and a worse brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than diesel. Comparing OTWCO and TTWCO, OTWCOB and TTWCOB, BTE was improved. The amount of HC, CO and smoke opacity were decreased. But higher Nitric Oxide (NO) emission was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]