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Background: Mining activities can produce large amounts of heavy metals that are discharged uncontrollably, causing widespread ecosystem pollution. Heavy metal pollution is a serious problem, as heavy metals are toxic and non-degradable, polluting air, water and soil. Although some heavy metals are considered essential for normal physiological functions, concentrations that exceed the prescribed limits can have negative impacts on human health and biota. Exposure to heavy metals can cause toxicity to various tissues, organs and systems such as circulatory, respiratory, endocrine, immune, nervous, urinary and reproductive systems. Due to the differences in toxicity of heavy metals, risk assessment is very important in environmental management. Objective: To describe the probabilistic simulation and sensitivity of health risks due to Nickel and Cobalt deposition around the mine using monte carlo simulation. Methods: The method used in this study was literature review. Data collection was done through searching online databases such as: Pubmed and Science Direct. The keywords used in the article search were "Heavy Metal Toxicity", "Heavy Metal Effects", "Heavy metal risk analysis" and "Monte Carlo Simulation". Inclusion criteria were quantitative or qualitative research, target population was heavy metals Nickel and Cobalt, published in the last 10 years (2013-2023) articles in English and articles in original, fulltext and open access. Exclusion criteria are articles that are not relevant to the topic of discussion. Results: 14 articles were found, of which 3 articles on diseases or health problems caused by nickel, 3 articles on nickel risk analysis, 5 articles on diseases or health problems caused by cobalt, 3 articles on cobalt risk analysis. Conclusion: The environment around the mine shows a high level of toxicity, caused by the presence of heavy metals. This can result in serious environmental pollution and pose a great threat to human health. Chronic exposure to heavy metals can cause various health problems, such as mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, deformation and organ damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The results of Indonesian nutritional status study at the regency level in 2021 showed that Polewali Mandar Regency had the highest prevalence of stunting in West Sulawesi Province at 36% with the highest percentage of stunted toddlers being reported by Katumbangan Health Center (42.6%). This study aims to determine the most dominant risk factors for stunting in children aged 0-23 months. This study was conducted in the working area of Katumbangan Health Center with a case-control study. The number of samples was 236 infants (0-23 months) with a ratio of cases and controls of 1:1. This study used secondary data sourced form e-PPGBM application, then analyzed by odd ratio test and logistic regression on Stata. The results showed that CED in pregnancy (OR=3.142 with 95% CI, 1.122-10.072), LBW history (OR=5.963 with 95% CI, 1.251-56.216) and exclusive breastfeeding (OR=2.099 with 95% CI, 0.984-4.613). The dominant risk factor for stunting in children aged 0-23 months, namely LBW history (OR=5.092 with 95% CI, 1.08-23.94). It is recommended for mothers to put more attention to the fulfillment of nutrition during in order to reduce the risk of LBW and also to assure that children nutritionl intake are adequate to their needs during the golden period of growth, especially infants with LBW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cases of tuberculosis has gotten worse since results of global surveillance revealed that mycobacterium is resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid. It can cause Loss to Follow-Up among MDR-TB patients. The purpose of this study is Determinants of Loss to Follow-Up among MDR-TB Patients. This research is an analytic observational study with a case control study design with a retrospective approach. Cases were MDR-TB patients who dropped out of treatment as much 27 people, while controls were subjects with MDR-TB patients who did not Loss to Follow-Up of treatment as much 83 people. Data analysis was performed by looking at the Odds Ratio value. The result showed that knowledge (OR = 5.28, 95% CI = 1.410347– 29.19908), drug side effect (OR = 32.324332, 95% CI = 4.732715–1353.07), family support (OR = 5.01875, 95% CI = 1.602489 – 15.57846), social stigma (OR = 6.712963, 95% CI = 1.473798–61.68985) were the determinants of loss to follow up among MDR-TB patients. It can conclude that determinants of loss to follow-up among MDR-TB patients include knowledge, drug side effects, family support, and social stigma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This study aimed to know the risk factors of leprosy events in Bombana Regency in 2020. This study was an observational analytic study with case control study design. The sample of this study was all population of Bombana Regency in 2020. The case sample was the population diagnosed in the Leprosy Reporting Information System information reported by the Bombana Regency Health Office during 2017 to 2019, while the control sample was undiagnosed leprosy with matching based on age and gender. The total sample was 122 people (61 cases and 61 controls). Control sampling with systematic random sampling. Data analysed using by the STATA computer program with odds ratio test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that BCG immunization (OR = 5.74, 95% CI = 1.95-16.89) and income (OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.34-8.38) were risk factors for occurrence leprosy, while population migration variables, education level, and humidity are not significant risk factors for leprosy. The study concluded that BCG immunization and income are risk factors for leprosy. The variable most at risk for leprosy is BCG immunization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]