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Cement industries that produce the primary component of concrete remain one of the main challenges to the world since they change the climate and possess a negative impact on sustainability. Due to climate change, the earth's temperature has increased and reached a higher level in recent years that in turn results in a distressed environment for all living beings for survival. All the consequences that scientists warned would occur as a result of global climate change in the past are now occurring: rapid sea-level rise, sea ice loss and longer, more intense heat waves. Geopolymer materials are considered as one of the solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the cement industry. Geopolymers provide the industry with great potential and sustainable alternatives to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, when subjected to flexure and tension stresses, the geopolymer's inherent brittleness displays drawbacks like OPC; both need fibre reinforcement to control cracks propagation, enhance toughness and deformation. As a result, the development of fibre-reinforced geopolymer composites (FRGC) has attracted increased attention, with a wide range of fibres being used. This study presents a review of the published papers on the FRGC; the research papers were reviewed and classified into sub-categories depending on the fibres type. The physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of geopolymer composites were discussed in detail. By reviewing the literature, it is evident that the FRGC can be a potential solution for structural applications with excellent performance. The improvements in geopolymer properties with the fibre addition have paved the way for further studies in this regard to exploring its performance in unused areas.

Increased environmental awareness and the demand for sustainable materials have promoted the use of more renewable and eco-friendly resources like natural fibre as reinforcement in the building industry. Among various types of natural fibres, kenaf has been widely planted in the past few years, however, it hasn’t been extensively used as a construction material. Kenaf bast fibre is a high tensile strength fibre, lightweight and cost-effective, offering a potential alternative for reinforcement in construction applications. To encourage its use, it’s essential to understand how kenaf fibre’s properties affect the performance of cement-based composites. Hence, the effects of KF on the properties of cementitious composites in the fresh and hardened states have been discussed. The current state-of-art of Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Cement Composite (KFRCC) and its different applications are presented for the reader to explore. This review confirmed the improvement of tensile and flexural strengths of cementitious composites with the inclusion of the appropriate content and length of kenaf fibres. However, more studies are necessary to understand the overall impact of kenaf fibres on the compressive strength and durability properties of cementitious composites.