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Ventilation of the paranasal sinuses has been hypothesized to be a critical factor in curing rhinosinusitis, because blockage of the ventilating sinuses can lead to retention of nasal discharge or pus. In this report, we investigated the effect of treatment to clean and widen the middle nasal meatus in outpatients with rhinosinusitis. The outpatients were assigned to two groups: in the first group, cotton wool soaked with epinephrine was applied to the middle nasal meatus for 10minutes after cleaning the meatus at each consultation; in the second group, noepinephrine was used but the other conditions were the same. The treatment results were analyzed using X-rays, and subjective complaints via a the questionnaire survey, and nasal symptoms and X-rays scores were significantly better in the first group compared to the second group (p

A patient with an unusual anatomy of the left middle ear structure revealed by the exploratory tympanotomy is reported. The following malformations were disclosed by the operation. 1. A shortened long crus of the incus lacking the lenticular process. 2. A severely deformed rudimentary stapes. 3. An extremely long oval shaped window lacking another window in the middle ear. 4. Abnormal course of the facial nerve running antero-inferiorly to the window across the promontory without bony covering. 5. Absent chorda tympani. 6. Exposure of the jugular bulb at the tympanic floor. The above described anomalies were mainly due to the developmental disturbance of the second branchial arch derivatives. The result of stapedius reflex test and tympanometry as well as the pure tone audiometry have a significant diagnostic value to determine the involved location of the sound conducting apparatus.