Search

The paper considers the book Fangevoktere i konsentrasjonleire: En sosiologiska undersøkelse av norskefangevoktere i "serbienleire" i Nord-Norge i 1942-43, which has recently been published in Serbian language. It highlights the scientific significance, currency and relevance of the book at the time when it was written, as well the name and significance of author. It reflects the author's opinion on the development of theory and understanding of the phenomenon of concentration camps. This paper emphasizes the great importance of the book being translated into the Serbian language, not only because of its significance for the reasons previously stated, but also because it touches upon the Serbian camps in North Norway, in which some of the most tragic episodes in the history of the Serbian people occurred.

This article asks: What can highly motivated pupils in upper secondary school tell us about dropout and relations? Bauman’s concepts: ‘liquid identity’ (2011) and ‘instant living’ (2012), as well as literature on ‘relations’ (Spurkeland, 2011; Drugli, 2012) provide the theoretical backdrop for the study. The findings are based on nine individual interviews with pupils, each lasted approximately one hour. They share their thoughts, beliefs and experiences relating to school days, workloads, relations to others, school subjects and dropout. The study shows that also highly motivated pupils do think about dropping out from school, and they present ways to establish relations in class, both inter-personally and in school-subject settings.

Copyright of Crimen: Journal for Criminal Justice is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines how things contribute to an expanded and different understanding of contexts that are usually reserved for historical inquiry. To show this, the article illustrates how archaeological investigations of World War II prison camps connected to the German defensive Lyngen Line in northern Norway have uncovered aspects that are absent or unavailable in historical sources. Accordingly, it is argued that archaeology of the recent past is not the 'handmaiden to history'. How so? First, archaeological excavations and post-field work enable a unique material proximity and awareness. Secondly, fragmented artefacts offer new and different insights that do not rely on historical tropes. In conclusion, things are time witnesses that are not influenced by historical hindsight: they can present fragmented, unpleasant, personal and intimate aspects that are too trivial to be included in the grand narratives, but as archaeological investigations demonstrate, were fundamental to the everyday life of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon and strontium isotope chemostratigraphy (178 δ13Ccarb and δ18O, and 81 87Sr/86Sr analyses of carbonate components in whole-rock samples) was applied to constrain apparent depositional ages of the carbonate protoliths of amphibolite-grade, calcite marbles occurring in siliciclastic sedimentary sequences within the Upper and Uppermost Allochthons in the North-Central Norwegian Caledonides. The Sr-rich marbles hosting banded iron formations occur only in the Uppermost Allochthon. The marbles show, over a distance of 350 km, rather similar least-altered 87Sr/86Sr (0.70645-0.70665) and δ13C (+6 to +8‰) values which are all consistent with a late Tonian (800-735 Ma) age. This sets up a maximum depositional age for the overlying iron formations and somewhat younger diamictites. The apparent maximum ages of the Scandinavian iron formations suggest their contemporaneous deposition with the oldest known Neoproterozoic iron formations reported from China (Shilu Formation) and Namibia (Chuos Formation). However, these maximum ages do not rule out the iron deposition and the diamictite accumulation in the early Cryogenian within a presumed Tonian-Cryogenian transition. Three other studied marble units in schistmarble sequences, spatially unrelated to iron formations, show different 87Sr/86Sr and δ13C values matching younger apparent depositional ages of 685-600 Ma (the Uppermost Allochthon), and 550 or 425-410 Ma (the Upper Allochthon). The schist-marble-iron formations sequences in several areas contain extrusive meta-igneous rocks, and rare glacial diamictites. In places, all are intruded by intermediate and mafic sills. The iron formations were originally formed outside Baltica and were subsequently thrust upon the Baltoscandian margin during the Scandian orogeny. The provenance of these iron formations represents an enigma, hinting towards a passive continental margin of an unknown, apparently missing microcontinent. The accumulation of the Scandinavian iron formations within a passive continental margin or a large back-arc basin, in places glacially influenced, represents an exception to other reported clastic, sediment-dominated, Neoproterozoic (Cryogenian) iron formations which all were formed in volcanically active continental rift settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Datings of sheep and dog bone samples from a so-called 'Sámi circular offering site' at Bealjalgnai in Karasjok Municipality, Finnmark, Norway, show that they were deposited in the Middle Ages. They are among the earliest dated bones from such structures, and the sheep is the oldest known example from this part of inland Finnmark. Isotope analyses show that the dog lived primarily on aquatic foodstuffs, with a substantial marine intake. The sheep's nitrogen and carbon values indicate that it had eaten protein from animals quite high up in the food chain, mainly from freshwater and terrestrial sources, though with a certain intake of marine fodder as well. Two methods were employed to establish the amount of different nutrients eaten by these individuals and the potential marine and freshwater reservoir effects on their datings. Despite several potential sources of error, the results raise intriguing questions about mobility patterns and husbandry among medieval inland North Sámi groups. The cultural historical context of the finds is discussed, suggesting some possible scenarios that may have led to the surprising isotope analysis results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, the Norwegian government initiated an extensive reform of the regional scale, eventually reducing the number of political-administrative counties from nineteen to eleven through mergers. The territorial and institutional changes that followed can be understood as a partial regional (de/re)institutionalisation process, in which the political and administrative boundaries of the merged counties were reshaped. Using the reform, and particularly the involuntary merger of Troms and Finnmark counties as a case study, this paper examines how regional (de/re)institutionalisation processes are discursively and materially enacted through official government documents. This is achieved by analysing examples of government discourse and discursive practice in a selection of white papers along with draft resolutions and bills. In so doing, the paper explores forms of institutional activism and advocacy associated with the implementation of regional reform, providing the basis for unpacking and discussing a conceptual distinction between 'formal' and 'informal' spaces of regional institutionalisation. By building on previous scholarship around the notion of 'region work', the paper contributes conceptually to the theorisation of regional (de/re)institutionalisation processes through the construction of an analytical typology, intended to aid the operationalisation and analysis of agency and practice in the context of regional change. On the basis of the empirical analysis, the paper discusses limitations of institutional activism, as well as the influence of softer institutional advocacy on top-down regionalisation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holocene fluctuations of a small outlet glacier from the ice cap Høgtuvbreen at 65° N in coastal northern Norway are reconstructed based on distal glacier-fed lake sediments, complemented by a moraine sequence dated by lichenometry. Glaciers respond to changes in accumulation-season precipitation, ablation-season temperature and redistribution of snow by wind. Hence, reconstructions of glacier fluctuations based on distal glacier-fed lakes may give detailed information about past climate at a potentially high temporal resolution. Yet, the importance of any of these climate components is often difficult to solve. Here, we apply the ‘Liestøl-relationship’, which expresses the relationship between ablation-season temperature and annual accumulation of snow at the equilibrium line altitude (ELA), to the reconstructed local temperature–precipitation–wind ELA (TPW-ELA) to infer the relative importance of winter-balance and ablation-season temperature as causes of reconstructed glacier variation. The reconstructions show a large glacier readvance corresponding with the 8.2-ka cold event and a sequence of eight distinct glacier advances and retreats during the Neoglacial time period bracket between 4300 ± 40 cal. yr BP and AD 1900. The glacier reached its Holocene maximum position in AD 1773 ± 29, subsequently followed by an ongoing unprecedented retreat, interrupted only by some minor halts and readvances. Based on a detailed comparison of our results with similar studies of both continental and maritime glaciers, as well as independent temperature proxy records across Scandinavia, we argue that significant and consistent deviations in ELA fluctuations between continental and maritime glaciers in the region are caused by a north–south migration of the arctic polar front. Additionally, we suggest that deviations in ELA fluctuations between Scandinavian maritime and continental glaciers around 7150, 6560, 6000, 5150, 3200 and 2200 cal. yr BP reflect the different response of continental and maritime glaciers to drops in total solar irradiance (TSI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the remains of three medieval ships from North Norway. The sites are clustered near the Arctic Circle, two from the islands of Husøy (Træna) and Lovund in the Helgeland region, and a potential third wreck from the small lake Fiskvågvatn in Saltdal. Available information from the wrecks is presented to provide a basis for assessing their cultural contexts and relevance to medieval maritime activities, the dried-cod (stockfish) trade in particular. The circumstances surrounding their discovery and documentation also offer insights into the history of cultural heritage management and role of community engagement in northern Norwegian shipwreck archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New high-resolution aeromagnetic data from northern Finnmark provide confirmatory evidence for the existence of both metadolerite and unmetamorphosed dolerite dykes transecting the Caledonian nappes and subjacent (par)autochthonous lithostratigraphical successions from Magerøya in the west to Varanger Peninsula in the east. Three ages of mafic dykes are known from isotopic dating studies - Ediacaran, Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous - but actual dyke outcrop in the case of the two younger dyke sets is very limited. High-amplitude magnetic responses in two thrust sheets in northwestern Varanger Peninsula, north of the TKFZ and beneath the Tanahorn Nappe, are clearly shown to relate to swarms of Ediacaran metadolerite dykes. Individual dykes discontinuously exposed on the surface can be followed as linear positive magnetic anomalies over distances of 25 km inland. Their extent offshore is not discussed here because it is beyond our data coverage in this paper. In eastern Varanger Peninsula, 8-9 dolerite dykes of Late Devonian age occur in discontinuous or limited outcrop. The new aeromagnetic data show, however, that up to 20 such dykes can be identified in the subsurface in the region between Vardø and Syltefjorden based on their linear positive magnetic anomaly signatures. South of the TKFZ, two Late Devonian dolerite dykes, well known from small coastal outcrops, are clearly visible as linear positive magnetic anomalies both on land and offshore beneath the sea-floor of Varangerfjorden. The most spectacular manifestations of what we consider to represent blind dolerite dykes are seen in connection with linear positive magnetic anomalies relating to Early Carboniferous dolerite dykes exposed on Magerøya and western Digermul Peninsula. These prominent linear anomalies follow many of the mapped NW-SE- to WNW-ESE-trending faults that have disrupted the Caledonian nappes in this part of Finnmark, and some are continuous over distances of more than 100 km from Magerøya to western Varanger Peninsula. These particular dykes and faults have been interpreted as relating to a major period of extension and rifting that occurred in the SW Barents Sea and adjacent onshore areas of Norway in Carboniferous time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prehistoric blacksmith was not only considered a craftsman but was a mythical figure who may have served many roles and purposes. Ethnoarchaeological research has brought to our attention the many functions the prehistoric blacksmith may have filled and his many roles in society. Gender and ethnicity are additional issues. This article explores the north Norwegian blacksmith, his craft and his social status. A complete inventory of the Late Iron Age finds of blacksmith's tools is presented and a detailed study of three main types of blacksmith's tools – hammers, anvils and forging tongs – is conducted to better understand the nature of the work of the blacksmith. Except for a few forging tongs, most tools are quite small, indicating they had been used by an all-purpose blacksmith who mainly worked small iron objects and soft metals. A recurring question is how to understand graves with blacksmith's tools. Do these graves represent blacksmiths, or was blacksmithing such a high-status craft that blacksmith's tools were deposited in graves to add to the deceased's status? The blacksmith's tools studied here show signs of wear and tear indicating that these tools had been used for their intended purpose. It is thus likely that those buried with high-status objects as well as blacksmith's tools at least partly mastered blacksmithing. Also, blacksmith's tools in graves are often found together with objects indicating high status, such as weapons and hunting and riding equipment. This strongly suggests that the craft of blacksmithing was related to high status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the historical vernacular gardens of North Norway, and is mainly based on a survey done in the county of Troms in the 1980s. The study shows that traditions for the design of gardens and the use of garden plants reflect climatic conditions, geographical location and current fashions. It is a general feature that main trends in the gardens of the affluent work as models for more simple vernacular gardens, and this is also the case with the surveyed gardens of Troms. We find here the proto-garden, a simple garden with beds and plantings controlled by a straight line. This is influenced hardly at all by style, trends or availability on the market. It may have been established during the last century or it could be older. Yet we also find the vernacular cottage garden influenced by a style developed from the Renaissance gardens of southern Europe. In the most carefully made gardens the proto-garden and the impulses from the Renaissance garden are fused together – it makes a type of garden which is genuinely northern. The fenced garden located by the wall of the dwelling house was most common. With the house situated on sloping ground, a stone-built retaining wall was constructed and the ground filled up in order to make the garden as level as possible and to create a terrace. It was mainly native trees fetched from the woods, as well as old “exchange and give away perennials” and flowers and vegetable annuals, all locally available, which characterized the plant material of the historic farm and cottage gardens of the north. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: A new lamproite occurrence of inferred Carboniferous age intruded into an extensive, more than 5km long rectilinear fracture zone in a granite of the West Troms Basement Complex, North Norway. This 30cm wide dyke, which shows well developed chilled margins, is characterized by up to 3mm long phenocrysts of phlogopite in a fine-grained gray matrix of K-feldspar and K-magnesioarfvedsonite with minor amounts of apatite, Ba-titanates (baotite) and rutile. Based on its mineralogy, whole rock chemistry (e.g., SiO2 =54.4–57.3wt.%, K/Na=2.02–7.03, K/Al=0.86–1.22, Mg#=76–84 and Kagp =1.0–1.7), and specific mineral compositions (e.g. tetrahedral coordination of Fe3+ in phlogopite, high Fe, but negligible Na in K-feldspar, and high Ti in K-magnesioarfvedsonite and phlogopite) the rock can be classified as a high-Si phlogopite lamproite. Concentrations and element ratios of a number of trace elements (e.g. high LILE and HFSE, except of Nb and Ta, high La/Ybn and low Th/Nb) in addition to isotope data (moderately radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr and extremely non-radiogenic 143Nd/144Nd; εNd(T) varies from −19.9 to −22.4) indicate an anorogenic, i. e., within-plate setting for the Kvaløya lamproite, similar to the anorogenic types of lamproite from Leucite Hills (Wyoming) and Smoky Butte (Montana). The Kvaløya lamproite shows high Nb/Ta and simultaneous high Zr, suggesting a multistage enrichment history of its mantle source. It is suggested that in addition to an ancient stage of enrichment (2.1–2.3Ga, based on Nd model ages), parts of the mantle enrichment possibly resulted from the involvement of subducted materials during metasomatism of the mantle during the Caledonian Orogeny. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Great changes took place in health care and its appurtenant institutions in North Norway between 1800 and 2000. The present-day North Norway University Hospital is a far cry from the small cottage hospitals that were opened in Bodø and Tromsø in about 1800. The first hospitals were rudimentary havens for sick people who could not be accommodated at home, but from the mid-19th century onwards greater importance came to be attached to nursing the patients. The advent of surgery towards the end of the 19th century spelt a breakthrough for the hospital as a venue for treatment and the end of its function as a repository for paupers. Throughout the 20th century, the bounds of possibility concerning treatment of the sick were steadily moved forward. In the 19th century large institutions were built among the coast where the big fisheries had led the way and where the greater part of the population lived. This gave a structure of localisation which was to last for a long time. Health restitutions in the first half of the 19th century were built and run by the county with the aid of funding based above all on a few on fish. During the first half of the 20th century, private initiatives entered medical care with full force, comprising women's associations, voluntary organisations and missionary bodies. Now for the first time, institutions were built specially for the Same population in the fjord regions and the Finland of Finnmark.. From the mid-20th century onwards, the lead was again taken by the public sector, represented by municipalities, counties and the state. Nineteenth century hospitals were housed in what were generally small, unspecialised buildings. As medical care became more differentiated so the buildings became more specialised, and a host of different D'pes of restitutions came into being. Tuberculosis hospitals with large out-door wards were an early specially, such as Vensmoon in Saltdal, dating from 1916. Institutions were also opened for the mentally ill, such as Ronvik in Bodø (1903) and Åsgård in Tromsø, a pavilion complex dating from the end of the 1900s. Care of the mentally deficient expanded following the end of the Second World War, and the first pavilions at Trastad, near Harstad, were ready for occupation in 1954. The second half of the 20th century can be said to be characterised by a general network of health centres in the municipalities and a centralisation of medical specialities, as witness the North Norway University Hospital in Tromsø. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the evolution of the interethnic relations between Norwegians and the Sami people, one of the indigenous people of northern Europe. Topics include the ecological context when Norwegians and Sami met, in the 15th century, the assimilation policy of the Norwegian State from the middle of the 19th century, and the idea of cultural authenticity in Norway.

The subject of this article is the creation of North Norway from the late eighteenth century to the present day. Some initial remarks about the relationship between nations and regions are followed by a number of interpretations of recent national and nationalism debates. The former synthesis of the creation of North Norway as a region is analysed, using approaches that on the one hand could be described as an actor stage theory, and on the other as structurally modernistic. As an alternative, a new theoretical approach inspired by cultural hegemonic theories is presented. This cultural hegemonic approach uses the works of Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) as a point of departure and is related to the concepts he developed, such as “hegemony”, “counter-hegemony”, “historic bloc”, “civil society” and “organic intellectuals”. A new synthesis of the historical regional formation process, based on a cultural hegemonic approach, is then presented, showing that North Norway as a region is the result of a long-lasting, contradictory and continuous process. Six periods are identified in the creation of the region: the period from the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century up to the second decade of the twentieth century emerges as a time-frame for a counter-hegemonic nation-building project. Since then, North Norway as a region has developed through hegemonic struggle between different kinds of region- and nation-building projects within and outside the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In coastal North Norway, mire areas and mire pools frequently exist, but their development and time of origin are poorly known. In order to investigate the development of a coastal mire pool and relate its changes to known climatic changes, a sediment sequence from the mire-pool Lillevardhaugvatnet (c. 0.05 ha large), was 14C-dated, investigated for loss on ignition and analysed for pollen and botanical macrofossils. The bottom of the sequence dates c. 7500 cal. BP. The site gradually developed from a swamp forest c. 6200 cal. BP via a more open dwarf-shrub phase to a pool c. 5000 cal. BP. The pool grew in depth as the result of continuous peat growth damming the water body. The water level of the pool was probably lowered by erosional drain c. 2700 cal. BP. Redeposited peat in the sequence occurred c. 2100 cal. BP and c. 1100 cal. BP. 14C-dates and pollen indicate that erosion and redeposition of the peat surrounding the mire pool is a normal process, connected with the expansion of the water body. The combination of macrofossils and pollen accumulation rates (PAR) of P. sylvestris indicates that in small lakes in coastal areas of North Norway, a PAR of 200–400 cm−2 yr−1 is sufficient for indicating local presence of P. sylvestris. P. sylvestris is represented with abundant macrofossils between 4800 and 2100 cal. BP. It is suggested that a marked P. sylvestris decrease about 2100 cal. BP may be a combined effect of human impact and climatic deterioration. A possible final termination of the P. sylvestris population about 1600 cal. BP may be considered human-made. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The ethnonim "Choode" is known in Russian and Norway traditional cultures for a long time. The Russians interpret it as the generalized name of Finno-Ugric nations. People used to speak about military conflicts with them, about Choodes who buried themselves, about Choodes' treasures in folk legends. In the north of Norway, especially in the folklore of Saams, Choodes avoke associations with robbers (Russians, Karelians, Swedes) who used to come from the East or from the West. The composition and details of Norway "sagns" and Russian legends are similar; the narratives of both nations belong to the same types. The real historical and mythological features are presented in the Choodes' pictures; they are frequently interpreted as "black power." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the Second World War, large areas of North Norway had to be rebuilt as a result of war damage. It is estimated that 12,000 dwellings housing 60,000 people were ruined. The limited funds available necessitated a low-budget form of housing when the area was rebuilt. The government perceived in this situation the possibility of house modernization, for which standardized, pre-approved drawings were a solution. This paper focuses on the reconstruction houses and the discussion about what kind of house was most suited to the area. It refers to the housing involvement of one of the female architects, and to the architects in general as mediators between the central authorities in the south and the people/local government in the north. It also sheds some light on the decisions made at a family level concerning the question of housing. Gender differences in the acceptance of, or resistance to, the modernization of these dwellings during the reconstruction period (1945-1960) in North Norway form the main topic of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate Mytilus edulis settlement in two North Norwegian fjords (70–71°N), short-term collectors were suspended at six different stations at intervals of 2–4 weeks during spring–autumn of 2002 and 2003. At the same stations, long-term collectors were deployed monthly from May to August 2002 and sampled the following autumn. Settlement occurred between early July and late October and peaked between mid-July and mid-September. Settlement peaked in inner Porsangerfjord, with the average mean daily settlement (MDS) up to 1408 m-1 day-1, and decreased towards the coast, where the maximum MDS was 3.8 m-1 day-1. In Altafjord, maximal mean MDS were between 47 and 168 m-1 day-1. Fjords apparently function as retention areas for larvae, whereas at the coast larvae are effectively dispersed. Eighty-nine per cent of the mussels recruited in October/November were <2 mm. Long-term collectors deployed in inner Porsangerfjord had the highest recruitment (mean density 47,537 m-1). Inner Altafjord had very low recruitment (mean density 46 m-1), perhaps due to freshwater discharge. Collectors deployed in late August had lower recruitment than those deployed earlier, but there was no evidence of recruitment differences between collectors deployed earlier. At densities above ca. 5000 m-1, intraspecific competition controlled the level of recruitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sea and air temperature data from the period 1980–2003, representing fjord–outer coast transects at three locations in north Norway (Balsfjord, Altafjord and Porsangerfjord), have been examined. Air and sea surface temperatures were well inter-correlated between all stations, indicating that the coastline in question is a coherent climatic region. This conclusion is strengthened since no correlations were found between the transect data and the northern Fugløya–Bjørnøya transect. Neither did our data sets bear any clear resemblance to the variation in the NAO index. Generally there was a delay of four months before the surface temperature signals reached the deepest bottom waters. The cooling period (heat loss from sea to air) lasts longer than further south, leading to a prolonged period with unstratified waters in the north. This strengthens the effect of sea temperatures to follow the air temperatures, i.e. sea temperatures in the region are controlled by local climatic processes. The mean annual heat loss for the measured stations was 31Wm−2. The largest mean surface heat loss was in Porsangerfjord, that has no sill (45Wm−2). Balsfjord, the only fjord with a sill, had the lowest annual heat loss (21Wm−2). This difference can be explained by transport of inflowing coastal water being restricted by the sills in Balsfjord. No clear heating or cooling trends could be detected for the period 1980–2003, and comparison with data from the period 1930–1979 revealed anomalies well within the ones observed by us for 1980–2003. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Female architects took part in the reconstruction of North Norway after the Second World War, rebuilding the scorched-earth area as well as the bombed towns. For the first time in Norway they were visible both as individual architects and as a group, and the aim of this paper is to uncover evidence of their contribution, which has been somewhat overlooked until now. The female architects can be related to different forms of architectural practice – some designed buildings, e.g. small and large schools for the public sector – but more important was their contribution to work in the public reconstruction offices, especially in the housing debate and the modernization of housing. These women made an architectural impact on the everyday environment and landscape of the north. Even though the female architects of the 1950s had a marginalized experience as practitioners in the north, they paved the way for generations of female architects to come and the latter's struggle for access to professional status in Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In North Norway the dominant method of exchange for fresh and frozen fish at the ex-vessel level is by direct (contract) sale, whereby price is negotiated between fish processors and the fishermen. More recently, an auction for frozen fish has been introduced. In this paper we investigate the relationship of prices between these methods of exchange and, in particular, whether the prices develop in a stable pattern between auction and direct sale by means of a cointegration analysis. Monthly prices of size-graded cod and haddock landed in the period 1997-2003 are analysed. For most months, frozen fish sold through auctions realised the highest price, followed by direct sales of fresh and frozen, respectively. Fish sold by auction exhibits a larger monthly variation in price than fish sold directly. Prices for cod were cointegrated to a larger degree than for haddock, and the cointegration was strongest for frozen cod. The analysis also demonstrates that the auction prices for frozen cod and haddock drive the direct sale prices of similar fish, both frozen and fresh, even though the quantity sold via direct sales is greater than that of auctions. Law of one price (LOP) and weak exogeneity were present for cod and haddock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holocene oceanography and climate were studied in the continuous marine sediment sequence in a piston core from the high-latitude Malangenfjord, north Norway, using benthic foraminifera and stable isotopes. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the investigated sequence covers the period from c. 8000 to 1600 cal. BP and has a sedimentation rate of 0.3–12.7 m/1000 years. Bottom-water temperatures reconstructed from benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes in the Malangenfjord show a cooling of c. 3°C ranging from c. 10°C and reaching c. 7°C at 1600 cal. yr BP which is similar to present bottom-water temperature at the core location. A planktic foraminiferal δ18O record was established from c. 6400 to 1600 cal. yr BP generally following the same pattern as the benthic record. This long-term cooling correlates to the decreasing insolation at 70°N following the orbital forcing. The long-term cooling also corresponds well with atmospheric proxy records implying a close ocean-atmosphere coupling. It is also indicated both by marine and atmospheric temperature and precipitation proxy records that the climate was more oceanic during the early Holocene. Several cold events are interpreted as decreased influence of Atlantic Water in the fjord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft-bottom macrofauna were sampled quantitatively in August 1994 in three undisturbed north Norwegian fjords. Samples were taken at 10, 25, 50 and 90 m depth in each fjord. The total number of taxa recorded was 399 and the number of specimens 22,017, inclusive of ten juvenile taxa with 1265 specimens, collected from a total sampling area of 4.8 m 2 . The number of taxa per station varied from 75 to 171, the density from 1790 to 8723 individuals m -2 , and the faunal diversity (Shannon-Wiener H′) from 4.4 to 6.4. In general, the number of taxa increased with depth, whereas the highest densities were recorded at 10 and 25 m. The species richness was generally high at both small (alpha diversity) and larger (gamma diversity) spatial scales compared with other northern and off-shore shelf areas. Species turnover (beta diversity) was greater across depths within fjords than within depths across fjords. Species community patterns were related to depth and sediment grain size. Statistical analyses undertaken indicated that the juveniles did not affect community structure very much. Among the polychaetes and molluscs the proportion of surface deposit feeders - inclusive of the both surface-feeding and suspensivorous Spionidae and Oweniidae - and the deep subsurface deposit feeders (Maldanidae and the capitellid Heteromastus filiformis ) largely increased with depth. The lowest proportion of other subsurface deposit feeders and the suspensivores occurred at the deepest stations. The study may provide useful reference data for sub-Arctic fjord environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A palaeoecological investigation in the Bodø area (Salten, Nordland) records a shift from Betula -dominated forest to mostly treeless vegetation during the last 4000 years. Corylus avellana , now at its northern limits in this region, was previously more abundant within the area. Deforestation started c. 3500-3000 BP, most likely connected to human activity during the early Bronze Age. After the onset of anthropogenic disturbance, heathland was established, initially with a dominance of Calluna vulgaris and Empetrum . Later on, c. 900 BP, Calluna was dominant. The heathland was probably subject to management, including burning. It should be viewed as a part of a northern extension of the western European heathland vegetation of the coast of SW Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of cod along the Norwegian coast and in fjords from 62°N north to the Russian border was examined using data from annual trawl surveys carried out between 1995 and 2001. Based on differences in growth zones of the otoliths, cod are traditionally classified into two types: Northeast Arctic cod and coastal cod. Both types were found throughout the area investigated. The catch rate of both increased northwards and from offshore to inshore. In a statistical model of length at age, abiotic factors such as area and year of capture explained more of the variance than biotic factors such as sex, stage of maturity, and type of cod. Length at age increased in a southward direction and was higher for cod captured offshore than for those captured inshore. In a statistical model of the proportion mature at age, area, type, and year of capture explained more of the variance than sex and depth of capture. On average, coastal cod attained 50% maturity (M50) more than a year younger than a year younger than Northeast Arctic cod attained maturity. Although there were relatively large differences in age at maturity between neighbouring areas, age at maturity was lowest in the south and inshore, and in general, lower inshore than offshore. As genetic analysis clearly indicates that cod in the study area consist of at least two genetically separated stocks, it is likely that the differences found here in age at M50 might have a genetic component. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The results of measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (10 PCB congeners recommended by AMAP) in surface bottom sediments collected from 26 remote lakes in Northern Norway and 11 lakes in North Russia in 1994 and 1995 are presented. Cores were collected from the deepest part of each lake with a gravity corer. The north Russian lakes were shallow ponds less than 1 m deep, while the north Norwegian lakes and the lakes on the Svalbard Archipelago were usually 10–30 m deep. The sediment samples were analyzed by GC-high resolution MS analyses. The range of concentrations was wide. In sediment from the tundra ponds, ∑PCB were generally low, ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 ng/g dry weight (dw), with one exception (19.3 ng/g dw). In sediments from the north Norwegian lakes and the lakes on Svalbard Archipelago, the concentration was ranging from 0.7 to 35.4 ng/g dw. The geographical distribution and possibility of geographic gradients of the ∑PCB is discussed. The PCB composition is further analyzed by statistical methods to indicate possible presence and contribution of 10 various technical PCB mixtures (Chlorphens, Kanechlors, Arochlors, Sovols) in the samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]