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The family and intimate relationships should be a place of safety, but for many, violence and trauma occur even within this context. Intimate partner violence (IPV) can take many forms and can include physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and a range of controlling behaviours. It affects younger and older, cis and transgender women and men. What we do know is that across the European region, more than a quarter of ever-partnered women, aged 15 and older, have experienced IPV. This has contributed to interpersonal violence being the fourth leading cause of death among people aged 15-29 years in the WHO European Region. Over the past year and a half, in a world in a constant state of emergency during the COVID-19 pandemic, increases in sexual assault and violence, particularly against women, have been reported. The WHO Europe member states have reported a 60% increase on average in emergency calls from women subjected to IPV, alongside a 23-32% increase in IPV and domestic violence (DV) cases since the lockdown began. This may not reflect the true scale of the problem as less than 40% of women seek help of any kind and men and boys may be less likely to report it. In most countries with available data on the issue, most women rely on family and friends, and rarely ask formal institutions for assistance. Even as pandemic lockdown measures are lifted, there are long-term health, wellbeing, and socioeconomic consequences that will prevail. The European Union (EU) has incorporated new measures in response to intimate partner violence. Examples are the Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 and the Victims’ Right Directive and EU Strategy on victims’ rights. These strategies outline a set of key actions including preventing gender-based violence, supporting and protecting victims (i.e., empowering victims to report a crime, claim compensation, and recover from consequences of crime), and holding perpetrators accountable during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Both strategies are specifically focused on vulnerable victims (e.g., children, victims of gender-based violence, and/or domestic violence) as one of their key priorities.

Introduction Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects of chemotherapy in the pediatrics with cancer which affect their quality of life. Use of some methods of complementary medicine in leukemia patients is problematic. Because, leukemia patients are at risk of infection and bleeding, therefore the use of acupressure, acupuncture, and deep massage can be risky in these patients. Slow- stroke back massage is applied on the surface of body, so does not have complications. No study has addressed the effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatrics with acute leukemia in the world. Material and methods This study was a two-group randomized controlled trial (RCT), double blind and repeated measures design. In this RCT, 45 school age children with acute leukemia were placed in the massage and control groups. Before start of the study, at the day of chemotherapy administration (day 1th), only nausea and vomiting were measured. Then during 6 days next (day 2 through 7), the intervention group received 5-minutes Super Smash Bros. Melee (SSBM), immediately before start of each session of chemotherapy. Nausea was measured during chemotherapy, 0.5 h and 3 h after each session of chemotherapy in the two groups. Also vomiting was recorded during 24 h after each session of chemotherapy. Repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square, and t-test were used for analysis. Results Most of pediatrics were male (58.13%), and suffered from Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (81.7%). The repeated measure analysis showed that in the intervention group, the SSBM reduced progressive mean of nausea severity and frequency of vomit over time. While, this side effects have slightly increased over time in the control group. Conclusion The results of this study are suggesting that SSBM, as a non-pharmacologic, easy and safe method, is effective in controlling Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in the pediatrics with acute leukemia.

Background The chronic genetic blood disorder, thalassemia, affects Quality of life (QOL) negatively. Regarding this, if adolescences with thalassemia are treated well, they will grow into an adult who will have a good potential for participating in society. Objectives: to determine the strongest predictor of QOL, compare QOL between the adolescents with beta-type major and their peers in Abadan city. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study; the population consisted of 65 beta thalassemia major patients and 65 healthy peers with the same ages as the witness group. The data collection tools included SF-36 questionnaire and a questionnaire for demographic information. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, correlation and linear regression by SPSS-16. Results The results of the study revealed that there is a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the average quality of life between the two groups of the study. On the other hand, the results showed that there was a meaningful relation between different aspects of life quality and family history of thalassemia (P< 0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation between quality of life and the frequency of blood transfusion per year (P< 0.05). Conclusion Adolescences with beta thalassemia major do not have a desirable quality of life, therefore, this fact shows the necessity of serious reforming in various fields of health care, treatment, family, social and financial support, and rehabilitation that need more attention from health care policymakers.

Background Medication errors (MEs) are the most common types of medical errors which effecting on pediatric safety. For decrease MEs, we should to have information about difference aspects of MEs. We have no study which assessed the frequency, types and causes of MEs made by pediatric nurses, in Iran. Material and Methods This was a cross-sectional study, which performed on 53 Pediatric Nurses. Data were collected by a self-structured questionnaire for assessment of MEs contained 3 parts: 1- one question about the fact that, do you had MEs in past 3 months; 2- types of MEs occurred (12 items); 3- causes of MEs from nurses’ perspective (20 items). The MEs in past 3 months gathered through pediatric nurses’ self-report. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used for analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS. Results The majority of participants were female (77.3%), and initial (novice) nurses (33.9%). The results showed that, 31 (58.4%) of nurses were reported at least one MEs history and totally, 131 MEs were occurred in past 3 months. Most prevalent of MEs types were reported: wrong dose (36.6%) and wrong drug preparation (14.5%). Also, most prevalent of MEs causes from Nurses’ perspective were reported: poor medication knowledge (96.2%) and poor calculation skills (73.5%). Conclusion With using of this study results, we can program for prevention/decrease MEs and enhancing pediatric safety. On the basis of this study, actually we should enhancing level of nurses knowledge by education and to carry out special courses for pediatric nurses.