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Current developments in the field of international investment relations are influenced by the ruling of the Court of Justice in the Achmea case, when de facto European law became superior to international law. The verdict of the Court of Justice changes the usual legal procedures and customs in the field of bilateral investment agreements. However, the impact of this court decision is an almost unexplored area due to the lack of interest of legal theorists, and it is relatively difficult to find answers to the ambiguities and problems that have arisen. The scientific study analyses the current process of introducing new rules in the field of investment policy within the European Union, which means the end of bilateral investment agreements within the European Union. It also examines the European Union’s activities in the field of foreign direct investment and the development of a stable European investment policy. Determining the goal of the scientific study is based directly on current needs and emerging practical problems in practice. Their correct understanding and application has a fundamental impact on the possibilities of rules in the field of investment policy. Due to the nature of the researched topic, we applied selected qualitative methods suitable for recognising the law. However, we also analysed scientific literature, case-law and the analogy of law, thus providing qualified answers to the application pitfalls of legal practice.

International trade agreements contribute to the development of international trade and services. The European Union is currently modernizing the system and structure of international agreements related to international trade, investment and services. The aim of the scientific study is to clarify and identify the characteristic features of the agreements of new generation that are concluded between the European Union and non-EU member states. Based on the facts, we can confirm that trade policy supports, among others, values such as the protection of human rights, the protection of labor rights, the environment and the fight against climate change. Such an approach of the European Union to the liberalization of world trade through comprehensive trade agreements is also supported by the strategy of the European Commission „Trade for All". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family business is distinguished from the traditional business model by the specificity of relationships, family ties, a sense of stability, continuity, responsibility and mutual trust of family members. Although the aim of family business is undoubtedly to carry out business activities in accordance with the Commercial Code, the family business also aims, among other things, to strengthen family values and to implement the principles of sustainable family business. In a broader context, the scientific study analyses the conditions for the implementation of the family business model, highlighting the implementation of the principles of sustainability in specific family businesses in Slovakia. The contribution of the scientific study to the theory and practice of management is to highlight the implementation of the principles of sustainable family business, which creates a unique organizational culture, and commitment to the local community and the introduction of modern technologies in the framework of innovation in family businesses, especially with regard to environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union requires its Member States to fulfil their commitments stemming from the membership in the EU responsibly and to assist in carrying out tasks flowing from the Treaties and to achieve the Union's objectives in accordance with the principle of sincere cooperation. This scientific thesis points out the responsibility of Member States to fulfil their obligations in bona fide in accordance with principle pacta sunt servanda and it refers to well established case law of the Court of Justice of the EU clarifying the application primacy of EU law over national laws. At the same time it opens the discussion about decisions of constitutional courts related to the primacy of EU law in some EU Member States, in particular in Germany and Poland. This scientific thesis points out the significance of EU law in the process of further deepening of European integration and promoting rule of law values common to the EU Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific study analyses in broader terms the financial crime in economic relationships. It introduces concrete facts and processes connected with financial crime that represents the global phenomenon of these days and has significant devastating effects on the economy, society and trust in the legal system. The financial crime has various forms that are more and more sophisticated in the digital era. The study contains updated data about the financial crime in Slovakia and identifies factors having impact on the financial crime. The aim of this study is to contribute to the expert discussion on current economic problems and to point out the responsibility in the management of companies. From among the scientific methods of knowledge we have also used the analytical and descriptive method to approach and analyse the legal situation. By comparative method we introduce different views on the legal regulation and the interpretation of examined notions. The contribution of this study for the theory and practice is pointing out on the undesirable social phenomenon with not only national, but also international dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific study analyses the introduction and transposition of common rules for the provision of payment transactions, if they are electronic means of payment (e-money), in the Pan-European market. Our study must analyse a dual objective: The Second Payment Services Directive of the European Union and a Slovak Act about payment services regarding the provision of payment initiation services and account information services. The legal regulation introduces conditions for the provision of services by non-bank payment service providers and regulates the relationship between a payment service provider and its corporate and retail customers. Our findings show that the law of the European Union directly or indirectly influences the formation of an open market for payment services in the Member States of the European Union; this can be considered as liberalization of payment services and allows the entrance of new providers with innovative payment services. In the present study, we discuss the responsibility of the Member States of the European Union regarding the transposition of EU secondary acts into national law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data protection ranks among the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. The processing of personal data of individuals forms part of the labor relations. It is necessary in all processing operations that employers ensure the protection of personal data of their employees on the required level and that they would not provide information on personal data without the consent of involved person. This thesis analyses the Slovak legal regulation of personal data protection with regard to the obligations of the employers to protect the personal data of their employees. The employers are obliged within the framework of fulfilment of legal obligations in relation to various state authorities (social security authority tax authorities) and other entities to process personal data of the employees. The result of the analysis is that the protection of personal data of individuals in Slovakia is ensured at a high level and complies with the European standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of EU regulations on the creation and development of state aid policy in the Slovak Republic in connection with proper functioning of the EU internal market and the strengthening of transparency. The present Slovak national system of state aid provision and control is significantly influenced by the regulations of modernization of state aid and by the implementation of principles of independence, transparency and publicity. The paper will examine the introduced measures of publicity related to state aid provision from public sources. In the paper we highlight the significance of transparency in the area of public finance provision to economic entities, which reduces uncertainty and enables enterprises to check whether the state aid provided to competitors was legal and legitimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sovereignty of a state can be defined as the biggest independent power of the state, i.e. the independence of the state power from any other power that cannot be limited in any way. The part of the state sovereignty represents also its economic sovereignty. This thesis aims to analyse the transnational forms of economic cooperation that are transformed into the gradual sectoral integration, whereby the states loose their economic sovereignty and become economically dependent. The states are responsible for the economic development as well as for the international economic cooperation, as even the sovereign states cannot stay isolated in the current process of globalisation. The results of this thesis showed that in principle they are the international organisations that change the position of states and interfere with their legal, political, economic, social and cultural system. The mentioned results confirm the rising economic dependence of the states and of the Slovak Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inevitable part of the globalisation process is a change of economic relations, investment relations, and trade relations that is taking part in nowadays global environment. Referring to the theoretical postulates the globalisation also affects the employment policies of the states, and facilitates economic development. The most important actors of globalisation are transnational corporations that are highly concentrated mainly in the oil and automotive industries worldwide. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of globalisation on the Slovak labor market and to reveal major changes in employment policy as a result of foreign investments. At the same time, we have focused on the state economic instruments that are provided to economic entity's players provided new jobs are created. Globalization of the business is closely related to increasing frequency of international interaction of managers and employees, closer teamwork and need of new form of international collaboration. It increases demand for international management, for managers with international competences and effective leadership abilities in multicultural work condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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