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From an accounting perspective, taxes reduce profits and are often perceived as diminishing shareholders’ rights. Consequently, government support through tax reductions plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of corporate strategies aimed at minimizing tax burdens. From the perspective of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), government tax incentive policies serve as vital signals to investors, shaping their expectations and influencing investment decisions. This study focuses on Indonesia’s tax incentive policy introduced at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on April 1, 2020, and continuing until September 30, 2023. To assess market efficiency during this period, portfolios were constructed from the top 21 firms listed on the IDX Quality 30 and IDX High Dividend 20 indices, categorized by their systematic risk and cost of equity. The findings indicate that portfolios with higher systematic risk and cost of equity exhibit more optimal returns, greater volatility, and better risk-return trade-offs. Conversely, portfolios with lower systematic risk and cost of equity tend to yield suboptimal returns due to their passive investment characteristics. Overall, the returns from all portfolios during the tax incentive period align with the weak form of the EMH, albeit showing negative autocorrelation instead of a purely random walk pattern. These findings imply that information regarding tax incentives influences prices primarily among firms with higher cost of equity or systematic risk. This study contributes to the understanding of the EMH by examining the impact of tax incentives during the pandemic while controlling for both the cost of equity and systematic risk.

BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance in patient with breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women globally. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is involved in the metabolism of TAM, and recently NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has recently been found as its regulator. However, the impact of Nrf2-mediated CYP2D6 regulation in the context of breast cancer and TAM resistance are currently unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the role of CYP2D6 and Nrf2 in breast cancer prognosis. MEDTHODS: The roles of CYP2D6 and Nrf2 were investigated in the T47D breast cancer cell line and T47D-derived TAM-resistant cells by examining the gene expression, cell viability, and transcriptional regulation by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), MTT, and reporter gene assay, respectively. Additionally, comprehensive in silico analysis of the transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were performed to uncover the prognostic role of CYP2D6 and its regulator in breast cancer patients. RESULTS: CYP2D6 mRNA was low and Nrf2 protein was high in TAM-resistant T47D cells compared to parental cells. Nrf2 knockdown upregulated CYP2D6 mRNA levels and enhanced the cytotoxicity of TAM. Similarly, in silico analysis revealed that low CYP2D6 mRNA and high Nrf2 protein were related to a lower probability of survival. The rs1238662089 within the identified Nrf2-binding site was found to greatly affect CYP2D6 expression levels, indicating its role as predictor for better prognosis. CONCLUSION: This study revealed for the first time that Nrf2 regulates CYP2D6expression in breast cancer and is involved in TAM sensitivity; thus, plays a role in breast cancer patient prognosis. KEYWORDS: breast cancer, CYP2D6, Nrf2, pharmacoepigenetics, SNPs

Introduction: Pleural effusion is associated with a high mortality rate. Tube thoracostomy remains the standard treatment. Despite this, double-lumen catheters, typically used for central venous access, are infrequently employed for pleural drainage. This study compared the characteristics of patients undergoing double-lumen catheter versus pigtail catheter placements for pleural effusion. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, and St. Elisabeth Hospital, Medan, from September 2022 to April 2024. This study analyzed patient demographics and clinical presentations for those receiving either catheter type. Results: The mean age of patients with double-lumen catheters was 58.21 years old, while those with pigtail catheters averaged 54.9 years old. Patients with double-lumen catheters frequently presented with a combination of shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain, while those with pigtail catheters primarily reported shortness of breath. Both groups predominantly exhibited exudative pleural effusions. Radiological evaluations indicated moderate pleural effusion was most common in both groups, with thoracic ultrasound revealing fluid volumes between 500 and 2,000 cc. Conclusion: Double-lumen catheters are more frequently utilized for moderate to massive pleural effusion, whereas pigtail catheters are typically reserved for moderate cases. The choice of catheter depends on the patient's condition, the underlying cause of the effusion, and radiological findings.

The East Java Community Eye Hospital (RSMM Jatim) is a Type B specialty hospital owned by the Provincial Government of East Java. RSMM Jatim envisions becoming a nationally recognized eye hospital. To achieve this vision, one critical requirement is providing high-quality pharmaceutical services. However, the hospital’s pharmacy department currently faces several challenges in supporting its business processes, such as long queues in pharmacy services, inaccuracies in drug inventory data, and lack of system integration. Although RSMM Jatim has implemented the Medify application to manage its Hospital Management Information System (HMIS), its development has not been fully optimized to support all business processes in the pharmacy department. Therefore, this study aims to design an information system architecture using the Enterprise Architecture (EA) approach with The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) Architecture Development Method (ADM) 9.2. The research focuses on Phase A: Architecture Vision, Phase B: Business Architecture, and Phase C: Information System Architecture. The study involves remapping the pharmacy department's business processes and designing an integrated information system to manage pharmacy queue registration, pharmaceutical supply requests, inventory management, and the handling of expired medications. The research outputs include deliverables for each phase, such as the Principle Catalog, Requirement Catalog, Value Chain Diagram, Functional Decomposition Diagram, Goal/Objective/Requirement, Business Architecture Solutions, Data Entity/Component Catalog, and Application Portfolio Catalog Targeting. This architecture design is expected to serve as a guide for RSMM Jatim in developing an integrated information system for its pharmacy department, ultimately improving service quality and operational efficiency.

One of Perum Bulog's efforts to maintain price stability and food availability is distributing its products through the "Rumah Pangan Kita" (RPK) partnership. However, in 2022, it was recorded that most of RPK's partners would no longer run their businesses. It is suspected that this happened because the income obtained did not match the expectations of fundamental food traders. This research aims to analyze the influence of the RPK partnership factor on the income of fundamental food traders, which is calculated through Return on Asset analysis (ROA) in Malang. The sample used in this study consisted of 30 respondents and was analyzed using multiple linear regression methods. The results showed that the variables of cooperation and commitment had a significant influence on the ROA of grocery traders in Malang. Other variables do not have a significant influence. The implications of this research highlight the importance of strengthening cooperation and commitment within the RPK partnership program to improve the profitability of fundamental food traders. Moreover, the findings suggest that communication and openness, while not significantly impactful in this study, should not be overlooked but optimized as supporting factors to enhance the overall partnership effectiveness.

This study investigates natural ventilation strategies in Javanese vernacular houses to enhance sustainable building design tailored to local climates and promote comfort and environmental sustainability in Javanese communities. It examines adaptations of these strategies in rural (Saradan) and urban (Laweyan) contexts using a comprehensive methodology comprising document analysis, literature review, stakeholder interviews, and case studies. Insights from classical texts and architectural records inform traditional values and principles related to energy sustainability, supplemented by perspectives gathered through interviews with homeowners, architects, and cultural experts on integrating local values into sustainable practices. The findings reveal that in Saradan’s rural areas, expansive layouts and natural elements effectively facilitate natural ventilation, utilizing large courtyards and strategically positioned windows to optimize airflow and thermal comfort. In contrast, Laweyan’s urban setting employs compact designs with smaller openings and internal courtyards to manage airflow and mitigate heat accumulation. The study illustrates how traditional Javanese architectural practices adapt to contemporary contexts, supporting energy efficiency and occupant well-being while reconciling technological advancements with cultural heritage preservation. It offers insights for architects, researchers, and policymakers to develop guidelines and innovations that optimize Javanese ventilation strategies across diverse climatic conditions and explore their socio-economic impacts.

Abstract Background Quadrilateral space syndrome is a painful disorder of the shoulder caused by static or dynamic entrapment of the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery. It was first described in 1983; however, it is an uncommon syndrome that initially presents with nonspecific shoulder pain or selective deltoid atrophy, and diagnosis is often delayed owing to its rarity. Young athletes of overhead sports are more commonly affected by this syndrome. Symptoms of quadrilateral space syndrome include silent deltoid atrophy, persistent posterior shoulder pain, paresthesias, and tenderness over the quadrilateral space. Vascular symptoms may involve thrombosis and embolisms of the upper limb. Instrumental tests and imaging are not always conclusive, leading to frequent misdiagnosis of the syndrome. Patients and methods The aim of this study is to present a case series of four patients diagnosed with neurogenic quadrilateral space syndrome, describe different clinical presentations, and suggest tips for diagnosing this syndrome. All patients underwent a detailed medical history collection, were interviewed about the sports and hobbies they engaged in, and received a comprehensive clinical examination of the neck and shoulder. Patients also underwent diagnostic exams such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electromyography. An ultrasound-guided injection of local anesthetic was performed into the quadrilateral space. Results All patients affected by neurogenic quadrilateral space syndrome underwent conservative treatment, which included a rehabilitation program. Only one out of four patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms and did not require surgical decompression. Conclusions To properly treat this rare syndrome, we propose classifying it as either “dynamic” or “static,” on the basis of the clinical history, MRI findings, and physical examination. The study includes a rehabilitation program that was effective for one patient, demonstrating that surgical decompression may be avoidable if the cases are promptly diagnosed and classified. Level of evidence IV according to “The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence”

Informasi yang tersebar di platform media sosial berperan penting dalam membentuk persepsi dan pertimbangan individu, yang kemudian tercermin dalam keyakinan mengenai kredibilitas dan integritas merek, yang dapat memotivasi keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) dan kepercayaan merek terhadap minat beli produk Somethinc, khususnya pada Generasi Z di Kota Banda Aceh. Berdasarkan teori reasoned action dari Icek Ajzen dan Martin Fishbein, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuisioner melalui Google Form kepada 289 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SPSS. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa e-WOM dan kepercayaan merek secara signifikan mempengaruhi minat beli secara parsial dan simultan. Selain itu, nilai adjusted R square sebesar 0,554 yang menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen mempengaruhi variabel dependen sebesar 55,4%, sementara sisa 44,6% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa e-WOM dan kepercayaan merek berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli produk Somethinc di kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Banda Aceh. The information shared on social media platforms plays an important role in shaping individuals' perceptions and considerations, which are then reflected in beliefs about a brand's credibility and integrity, potentially motivating purchasing decisions. This study aims to examine the influence of Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) and brand trust on the purchase intention of Somethinc products, specifically among Generation Z in Banda Aceh. Based on the Reasoned Action Theory by Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein, this study adopts a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms to 289 respondents. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS software. The results of data analysis indicate that e-WOM and brand trust significantly affect purchase intention both partially and simultaneously. Additionally, the adjusted R-square value of 0.554 shows that the independent variables explain 55.4% of the dependent variable, while the remaining 44.6% is influenced by other variables. Therefore, it can be concluded that e-WOM and brand trust significantly influence the purchase intention of Somethinc products among Generation Z in Banda Aceh.

This study was motivated by the low numeracy skills of students in economic subjects at SMA 2 Kuningan which was known through pre-research conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using educational game-based technology learning media on students' numeracy skills in economic subjects in class XII SMAN 2 Kuningan Regency. The method used in this research is experimental method. The number of respondents in each class was 32 students each. Data processing methodology begins with instrument testing (including validity and reliability tests) followed by prerequisite assessment in the form of normality and homogeneity tests. Hypothesis testing using t-test and n-gain. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, there are significant differences in learning outcomes between students who utilize technology-based educational games and students who do not utilize technology-based educational games. These results indicate a difference in learning outcomes and numeracy skills between students who use technology-based educational games and those who do not. The results showed that the average normalized gain score of the experimental class of 76.76% was included in the effective category based on the interpretation of the effectiveness gain index. Therefore, it can be concluded that the integration of technology-based educational games is efficacious in improving students' numeracy skills in class XII economics subjects at SMAN 2 Kuningan

Background: Spatial employment modeling investigates employment distribution, patterns, influencing factors, neighboring area impact, and regional policy efficacy. Conventional studies often rely on traditional data sources, which may overlook critical employment-related phenomena. In 2022, Java recorded the lowest labor absorption rate in Indonesia, necessitating a new approach. Aim: This study combines imagery, crowdsourced data, and official statistics to identify factors influencing labor absorption in Java Island. Method: Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was employed to account for spatial effects in the data. Results: The model reveals that nighttime light intensity in urban and agricultural areas, along with environmental quality, significantly enhances labor absorption across Java. Internet facilities, universities, and the number of micro and small industries also positively influence most districts/cities. Conclusion: Incorporating new data sources offers valuable insights for understanding employment patterns and can enrich employment research frameworks.

Sustainable development aims to raise the standard of living for present and future generations. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 objectives related to sustainable development. Education for Sustainable Development, or ESD, is one initiative to achieve the SDGs. Presenting the findings of literature research on the features and use of ESD in science education is the goal of this paper. The primary source material for this literature study came from seven publications published in different journals. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach with a concurrent triangulation design involving questionnaires, interviews, and FGDs with 78 physics teachers. The TPACK scores showed a mean of 3.10, with the highest score in Attitude (3.27) and the lowest in Inquiry (3.04). The analysis's findings indicate that 1) Eight critical competencies are thought to be crucial for promoting sustainable development. 2) Learning tools, learning media, and learning models are ways ESD can be included in science education. These findings demonstrate that integrating ESD capabilities into science instruction can promote sustainable development and help attain the SDGs. The results highlight the need for targeted training in inquiry-based approaches and technology integration to enhance ESD implementation in physics education.

In the midst of the growing prominence of educational technology, Discord emerges as a promising platform for facilitating language learning. Nevertheless, its role in blended learning models aimed at improving English speaking skills and student engagement, particularly among middle school students, remains insufficiently examined. This study explores the application of Discord, a social communication tool, within a blended learning framework to enhance English speaking skills among middle school learners. Using a qualitative case study method, the research involves 23 purposively sampled students representing diverse levels of English proficiency. Data is gathered through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and document analysis. The literature underscores the critical role of fluent speaking skills in language education, highlighting various influencing factors, such as speaking conditions, attitudes, listening skills, and feedback. Discord's distinctive features such as voice channels and instant messaging facilitate real-time communication and collaborative learning opportunities. While prior studies have predominantly concentrated on traditional educational technologies, they often overlook the potential of emerging platforms like Discord. The findings indicate that Discord significantly enhances interactivity, collaboration, and multimedia integration in learning activities. Educators utilize Discord's functionalities to host engaging discussions, deliver diverse learning materials, and conduct both formative and summative assessments effectively. Students report enhanced collaboration, active participation, and improved language proficiency through the platform's use. Integrating Discord into a blended learning approach offers an innovative and effective solution for language education, addressing the shortcomings of conventional methods and fostering a more engaging learning atmosphere. This research contributes valuable empirical insights into Discord's effectiveness in improving English speaking skills and promoting student engagement, while providing actionable recommendations for educators aiming to integrate advanced technologies into language teaching. Keywords: Discord; Blended Learning; English Speaking Skills; Student Engagement

A major challenge in the use of supercapacitor energy storage applications is optimizing 3D-hierarchical porous and 2D nanofiber structures to improve the electrochemical performance of colored biomass-derived activated carbon (AC). Therefore, this study aims to synthesize AC from Dracaena Angustifolia (DA) leaves and dregs using a sustainable method through chemical activation and high-temperature pyrolysis. AC was designed to be adhesive-free to maintain the true mechanical properties of the precursor. Research results showed that the sample of DA-dregs-KOH shows optimal results with a specific surface area (317.66 m2 g-1). The electrochemical performance of hierarchical porous carbon treated with 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte in a 2-electrode system had a nanofiber structure with the highest specific capacitance (248 F g-1) at 1 A g-1 and energy density (12.96 Wh kg-1) with a coulomb efficiency 84.1%. Based on these results, DA dreg-KOH based porous AC with hierarchical porous morphology shows significant potential to be used as binder-free electrode materials that can produce high-performance supercapacitors as a new renewable and sustainable energy storage solution.

This study investigates the relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding to mothers in the Banjarangkan II Public Health Center, Regional Technical Implementation Unit (RTIU). This study employs the correlative analytical method of cross-sectional design, utilizing a retrospective approach. This study lasted from February to April 2024. The random proportional sample method consists of 58 individuals. We collected data through questionnaires and used the Fisher exact test for data analysis. The results of the study showed that the majority (89.7%) of mothers of babies aged 7–12 months had EIBFs, and most (82.8%) had exclusive breastfeeding. Studies show that mothers who perform EIBF in the Banjarangkan II Public Health Center's Regional Technical Implementation Unit work area and have babies aged 7–12 months are more likely to provide breast milk as the only source of nutrition for babies, often called exclusive breastfeeding. The results indicate a correlation between the history of EIBF and exclusive breastfeeding among mothers, with a contingency coefficient value of 0.597. To implement EIBF, midwives must continue to promote pregnant mothers’ health.

Palliative care is defined as care with an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families in dealing with problems associated with life-threatening illnesses. As many as 75% of patients treated in the intensive care unit experience unpleasant symptoms. Various studies have shown that palliative care can reduce symptoms caused by invasive procedures in intensive care units and can provide end-of-life care. Thus, assisting patients proactively, decision-making with families, prospects for continued care planning and possible scenarios for end-of-life decisions are essential in intensive care units (ICUs). The integration of palliative care is an important part of comprehensive critical patient care. Critical care providers are often asked to provide pain relief to critically ill patients, hold family meetings to clarify the goals of care, deliver bad news, or provide end-of-life care and care for critically ill patients while providing support to their loved ones. Most ICU patients who are unable to make decisions rely on their families or carers for clinical decision making. Decision making for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cessation of life-sustaining treatment (LST), and provision of artificial nutrition and hydration should be based on the patient's willingness to discontinue LST, with the involvement of family members and the multidisciplinary team, ensuring that decisions are aligned with the patient's values and goals. The application of palliative care in ICU care can relieve symptoms experienced by patients and can reduce unnecessary invasive procedures. In its application, decision making in palliative care must be based on ethical principles and involve the patient's family, and the decisions made must also be in line with the wishes and values of the patient. The application of palliative care focuses on good symptom management to reduce patient suffering.

The prevalence of diarrhea in Madura is higher than in East Java. Mandangin island, an isolated island in Sampang, Madura has limited access to healthcare and knowledge. It will lead to disruptions in the children’s growth and development. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of health education on community knowledge about gastrointestinal disorders and children’s development. This cross-sectional study involved 48 subjects from Mandangin Island, Sampang by total sampling. The subjects received some presentations related to gastrointestinal disease, growth, and development in children using a handbook and audio-visual media. The subjects were required to complete pretest and posttest questionnaires. The pretest and post-test results were processed and analyzed using the statistical software “SPSS” and the Wilcoxon test. Most of the subjects were housewives with a mean age of 28.73 ± 6.22 years old. There was a significant difference between pre-and post-test in gastrointestinal disease, growth, and development in children (46.04 ± 21.71 vs 62.29 ± 13.25, p

This study offers a comprehensive review of research trends in WASH in Indonesia from 1975 to April 2021. A total of 272 articles related to Sustainable Development Goals 6.1 and 6.2 were analyzed, sourced from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The analysis found that water-related research (41%) was more prominent than topics related to sanitation (22%) or hygiene (13%). Social aspects (39%) were the most common focus in literature, particularly studies exploring the factors influencing WASH-related behaviors. However, there was a noticeable lack of studies on the implementation of WASH programs or interventions aimed at changing behavior, highlighting a disconnect between research findings and their application in policy and practice. In contrast, topics on hygiene (14%) and WASH financing (6%) were among the least covered. There was also a significant amount of research that combined multiple topics (23%) and themes (15%), reflecting a growing recognition of the need to address WASH challenges from a holistic, multi-faceted perspective. Geographically, most WASH research was centered in central Indonesia, even though WASH issues, such as inadequate services and poor behavior, tend to be more acute in other areas. This study also identifies several research gaps relating to topic selection, thematic focus, and regional coverage that should be addressed in future WASH studies in Indonesia.

Ruang Normal Coffee UMKM implements online buying and selling in marketing their products, but these UMKM do not yet have distribution packaging to protect the product during delivery. Based on the field survey, the distribution problems were the coffee cup packaging being dented, leaking, difficult to carry, and unattractive. The distribution packaging is currently considered not following consumer preferences because it is only in the form of clear plastic. This study aims to design packaging for distributing MSME coffee drinks in the Normal Room according to consumer preferences. The method used is Kansei Engineering (KE). KE implementation is supported by decision-making methods in determining packaging design concepts and packaging design elements. The term frequency-inverse document frequency (TFIDF) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods determine the design concept. In contrast, the Rough Set method determines the design elements. Sampling of respondents using purposive sampling with a minimum number of 30 respondents. The results of this study were that there were 21-word pairs based on TFIDF extraction and 40 packaging samples. The design concept was obtained through PCA analysis of the two main components that have a variance value of 1, namely PC-1 produces the concept of "challenging-modern" and PC-2 produces the concept of "old-fashioned-practical." The combination of design elements from rough set analysis for the “challenging-modern” concept is cardboard/corrugated material, blunt end handles, folding cartons, tray/box type without additional features, sans-serif fonts, and illustrations. Meanwhile, the "old fashioned-practical" concept consists of kraft materials, round handles, sleeve shapes, inner stands or trays/boxes, pop-up designs, classic concepts, monochrome, and illustrations. The final step is implementing the design elements into the 3D packaging mockup model. This research has an impact on the development of science and technology in the packaging design process by considering consumer feelings using quantitative methods that are more objective

Students' needs in the learning process are different. For this reason, learning needs to be designed according to student characteristics in order to obtain optimal results. Apart from that, it is also necessary to pay attention to the values that will be given in each learning process. This is because the aim of education is not only human development, apart from science and technology, but also development from the faith and piety side, so that it can optimize the potential that is possessed both cognitively and socio-emotionally. So the aim of this research is to develop teaching materials based on differentiated learning with an Islamic values approach in the Differential Calculus course. This research uses a Research and Development approach. The development model used is the ADDIE model. Limited trials showed that the teaching materials developed obtained a percentage of 85% (very suitable) for use. There is differentiation in processes, material content and learning products and integration of Islamic values in the teaching materials developed.

Context: High-fat diets contribute to oxidative stress and trigger cellular senescence through an imbalance in reactive oxygen species. The potential of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed, known for its therapeutic properties against oxidative stress and senescence in obese hearts, has been relatively unexplored. Aims: To evaluate the impact of ethanol-based C. sativum seed extract on oxidative stress, antioxidant levels, and senescence parameters in the hearts of obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: Twenty-nine male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, fed different diets for 24 weeks, and received C. sativum extract treatment for 12 weeks. This experiment assessed malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker, antioxidant level by measuring catalase and glutathione (GSH), cellular senescence state by measuring senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, and p21 levels in heart tissue. Results: C. sativum seed extract demonstrated a significant reduction in MDA levels in the hearts of obese rats when compared to the control groups. Furthermore, the extract led to a significant increase in catalase and GSH levels in the hearts of non-obese rats, whether on a normal or high-fat diet. Although the C. sativum-treated groups exhibited a downward trend in senescence markers (SA-β-Gal and p21), the observed differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Ethanol-based C. sativum seed extract exhibited promising potential in mitigating oxidative stress in the hearts of obese rats and enhancing antioxidant levels in the hearts of non-obese rats subjected to both normal and high-fat diets. This underscores the preventive role of C. sativum seed extract in alleviating oxidative stress, particularly in the context of a high-fat diet. However, there was insufficient evidence to conclusively demonstrate a significant improvement in cellular senescence with the use of ethanol-based C. sativum seed extract.

The rapid aging of the global population is a major worldwide issue because of the close relationship between age and the development of several diseases. Aging or senescence is among the most widely studied topics at the moment. However, no pharmaceuticals have been developed that claim to possess anti-senescence properties. Andrographis paniculata, is a medicinal plant found widely throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. This review aims to identify the potential anti- senescence effect of A. paniculata extract and its bioactive compounds. By following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, five databases were used and in vivo and in vitro studies were included in this review. A. paniculata extracts and their bioactive compounds exert anti-senescence properties through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This herb and its compounds enhanced memory, cognitive function and behaviour in Alzheimer's disease. The extract also promoted cell cycle progression and proliferation in the skin. In addition, andrographolide exhibited anti-senescence effects in endothelial cells through the activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf and PI3K/Akt/AP-1 pathways. A. paniculata along with its bioactive compounds including andrographolide and 14-deoxyandrographolide, may have the potential to be used as anti-senescence through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the specific markers to evaluate the senescence are necessary to be conducted. Any clinical trials should be done to establish these findings. Since in clinical settings this potential herbal may be used for long-life time, the safety profile and toxicity of A. paniculata should be considered. Keywords: herbal plants, Andrographis paniculata, andrographolide, bioactive compounds, senescence

Background: Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are pivotal factors influencing aging and age-related diseases. SASP secretes cytokines, chemokines, metalloproteinases, and growth factors that cause chronic inflammation. C-C ligand 2 (CCL2) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) are SASP markers secreted by senescent cells. This study investigated the relationship between the FOXO3 variant rs2802292 and SASP markers, focusing on CCL2 and TGF-β. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study involving 72 elderly individuals from Jakarta was conducted. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to quantify CCL2 and TGF-β concentrations. Random blood glucose, blood pressure, and FOXO3 rs2802292 genotyping data were obtained from a previous study. Differences in CCL2 and TGF-β concentrations between genotype groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Meanwhile, differences in CCL2 and TGF-β concentrations between allele groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The CCL2 and TGF-β concentrations of the subjects were 66.5 (10.58-190.9) pg/mL and 6,319 (2,379-13,846) pg/mL, respectively. There were significant differences in CCL2 concentrations among the FOXO3 rs2802292 genotypes (p=0.041). However, there were no significant differences in TGF-β concentrations among FOXO3 rs2802292 genotypes (p=0.955). Subjects with the G allele had significantly lower CCL2 concentrations compared with those with the T allele (p=0.033). TGF-β concentrations did not significantly differ between G and T alleles (p=0.771). Conclusion: CCL2 concentrations are associated with the FOXO3 variant rs2802292 in the elderly population. The T allele of FOXO3 rs2802292 increased CCL2 concentration and slightly decreased TGF-β concentration in elderly individuals. Keywords: aging, SASP, CCL2, TGF-β, SNP, FOXO3, rs2802292

After the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, the authority given to Village Governments became wider in managing their own households. This increasingly broad authority allows villages to receive funding channels from the Central Government called Village Funds. In managing these funds, the government has regulated it in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2018. This research aims to find out the role of village officials in accountability for managing village funds in Sumurgayam Village, Paciran District, Lamongan Regency, whether it is in accordance with Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2018. The type of research used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The data used in this research is primary data in the form of interviews with village officials, namely the Village Head, Village Secretary, Village Treasurer, BPD, Hamlet Head and several Sumurgayam Village residents. The secondary data used by researchers is in the form of village archives, namely the RPJMDesa village profile and the Village Fund Budget Realization Report. The results of this research show that Sumurgayam village officials have played a role in accordance with Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2018 starting from planning, implementation, administration, reporting, accountability to coaching and supervision. Accountability for managing village funds is in accordance with Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2018, but in the process there are still village officials who do not understand some of their duties. Transparency in the management of Sumurgayam village funds has been fulfilled even though there are still people who do not understand its function.

Fish identification in the Red Sea, particularly in Saudi Arabia, has a long history. Because of the vast fish diversity in Saudi Arabia, proper species identification is required. Indeed, identifying fish species is critical for biodiversity conservation, food and drug safety, and sustainable fishery management. Numerous approaches have been used to identify fish species, including conventional morphological identification, next-generation sequencing (NGS), nanopore sequencing, DNA barcoding, and environmental DNA analysis. In this review, we collected as much scientific information as possible on species identification in Saudi Arabia. Our findings suggest that the identification process has advanced and spread rapidly and broadly, as evidenced by the discovery of new fish species in Saudi Arabia. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were discussed as part of a comprehensive comparison. This study aimed to provide further scientific knowledge to promote the growth of fish diversity worldwide.

This research investigates the factors influencing plagiarism from the perspective of the fraud diamond framework. It aims to obtain empirical evidence that higher pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and competencies influence an increase in plagiarism. Currently, information technology has rapidly advanced, and artificial intelligence has become more sophisticated. Issues related to artificial intelligence in higher education primarily focus on concerns about threats to academic integrity and the potential for use in committing plagiarism. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the role of understanding of artificial intelligence in increasing plagiarism and moderating the influence of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and competencies on plagiarism. Research data were collected through surveys of postgraduate students in accounting and business from public and private universities in Indonesia and Malaysia, with 377 respondents. This study documents that higher levels of pressure, rationalization, competencies, and understanding of artificial intelligence lead to increased plagiarism. However, this research was unable to provide evidence that opportunity influences plagiarism. Meanwhile, evidence suggests that understanding of artificial intelligence strengthens the positive influence of rationalization on plagiarism. Conversely, this research did not find evidence that understanding of artificial intelligence moderates the influence of pressure, opportunity, and competencies on plagiarism.