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The global economy's unfavorable condition and the excessive portion of cost recovery yield an uneconomic situation for the contractors. To bring back the situation and the Contractor's spirits to continue investing in Indonesia, the Indonesian Government provides incentives and other alternatives for contractors to amend the conventional Production Sharing Contract (PSC) scheme with PSC Gross Split scheme based on regulations of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 8 and Number 52 years 2017. However, the new scheme should prove its positive feasibility through economic simulation under both schemes in the worst field condition such as marginal conditions, a condition the oil production continuously declines from time to time. We select the YZ field in the Central Sumatra Basin or Rokan Block, Riau Province. This study aims to compare the feasibility of the project under both schemes and select the more appropriate option for rejuvenating YZ marginal field. Based on the results of calculations using the conventional PSC, the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Pay Out Time (POT) values are 78.35 M US$, 10.92%, 3.0 years, respectively. Moreover, Applying PSC gross split results NPV, IRR, and POT 621.38 M US$, IRR 15.73%, and 3.29 years consecutively. PSC gross-split scheme seems attractive for bringing more revenue, which can rejuvenate the activity in the marginal oil field. Sensitivity analysis results oil price and investment are the most sensitive parameters for conventional and gross-split PSC. Therefore, feasibility of marginal oil field under conventional PSC is highly depends on oil price while gross-split PSC affects in investment parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic and inorganic components in brine from the produced liquid exist during the oil exploitation stage. This appearance may trigger a "waste" issue without proper handling, whereby one of the strategies is through the filtration process. This experimental study analyses the filtration facility's performance, which compose of silica sand particle, walnut shell, and the activated carbon from the corncob waste. This study's concern indicators are temperature, pH, turbidity, phenol, ammonia, and oil-grease contents are parameters in performance assessment. Moreover, observation of the corncob activated carbon's adsorption ability on the pollutant inside the brine proves its effectiveness. The filtration experiment yields the ability to reduce turbidity and phenol content inside the produced brine for more than 90%. Another material such as ammonia and oil-grease more decrease more than 60% and 80%, respectively. The filtration product has 28oC, normal pH (around 7), and 15 NTU turbidity with residual ammonia 50 mg/L and phenol 0.03 mg/l. The addition of activated carbon material from corncob waste has a similar performance with commercial activated carbon after 3 filtration cycle. Both carbon materials can be complimented or can function as a substitute material when scarcity issues happened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an experimental study regarding activated carbon of peanut shells on rheology and filtration loss of drilling mud. Rheology and filtration loss are essential characteristics of mud that in controlling the accomplishment of drilling operations. This research begins by activating carbon from peanut shell waste (KKT) with three different activation temperatures, e.g., 700, 800, and 900°C. We conduct Rheology, i.e., absolute, plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength, to observe the effect of carbon activation temperature of KKT additive to those parameters. Moreover, filtration tests to determine mud-cake thickness also become one part of this study. The results showed that the mud sample with 5 g KKT activated carbon at 900°C activation temperature shows the best performance among all samples. Result from both rheology and filtration test yields 5 cp plastic viscosity, 10 yield point, 0.4 gel strength, the volume of the filtrate is 16 ml, and the mud cake is 0.16 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value rheology of mud drilling must be under the conditions of hole wells that do not lead to the problems at the time of drilling. One of the efforts to improve the rheology of drilling mud is by adding Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) additive, which helps increase viscosity and binding water. This study utilizes CMC originating from jackfruit skin because it is an underutilized organic waste, and the structure of jackfruit skin contains 50-55 cellulose. Manufacture CMC from jackfruit peel follows serial procedures such as the Delignification, alkalization, carboxymethylation, and sieving processes to obtain a uniform size of CMC powder. Subsequently, plastic-viscosity, yield-point, and gel strength parameters were determined through the Fann VG Meter apparatus and mud cake using a marsh funnel and volume filtration using a filter press. We varied the concentration of CMC additives from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 grams. Based on the tests, the addition of jackfruit skin CMC affects the rheology of drilling mud. Increasing additive concentration yields high mud rheology parameters. In addition, the addition of jackfruit skin CMC additives ranges from 1gr – 5 grams meets the API 13 A standard for the value of yield point/viscosity plastic, plastic viscosity, and maximum volume of filtrate. Furthermore, the gel strength value that meets the API 13 A requirement occurs for the sample with 5 grams additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]