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Effects of the nematode-trapping fungi, Dactylaria brochopaga and the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on Meloidogyne incognita infested peanut plants Arachis hypogaea cv. Giza 5 were tested under field conditions. D. brochopaga was applied into the soil in two forms, as a suspension of spores at two rates 20 and 40 liter/feddan after complete germination, and as granules added to the soil at two rates 100 and 200 kg/feddan around the peanut seed at planting time. H. bacteriophora alone was added to the soil at one rate 1x106 larvae/liter, and another treatment was a combination between H. bacteriophora and D. brochopaga as a suspension at 20 and 40 liter/feddan. An untreated check was used. The highest reduction percentage of M. incognita population densities in soil at the end of the growing season was in the treatment of D. brochopaga as granules at the two rates recorded (92 and 93%), respectively, followed by D. brochopaga as liquid (85 and 93%) for the low and high rates, respectively. The reductions in the combined treatment were (86 and 91%), respectively. H. bacteriophora alone was the least effective (50%) on larvae in soil. On the other hand, the effect of the treatments on numbers of M. incognita larvae in roots indicated that D. brochopaga as granules at two rates was the best treatment, with reduction of (75 and 85%) at the end of growing season, while the combination attained (71 and 80%). D. brochopaga as a liquid recorded (67 and 72%) and H. bacteriophora attained (39%) reductions. The highest peanut yield was recorded in the treatment with D. brochopaga as granules, followed by the mixture of both as a liquid but H. bacteriophora alone did not significantly increase the yield compared to untreated plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of the fungus, Dactylaria brochopaga in liquid suspension or loaded on crushed vermiculite, molasses and yeast on the reproduction of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting snap bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris variety Ogzera was reported. Data revealed that the percentage reduction in the number of larvae per one kg soil was 84% for fungus D. brochopaga (9Kg) spores and broadcasted mycelia carried on granules of vermiculite, yeast, and molasses (two doses) on November 23rd 2014, while it was 94% for D. brochopaga (9Kgm) spores and broadcasted mycelia carried on granules of vermiculite, yeast, and molasses (two doses) on January 20th 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting the potato Solanum tuberosum L.cv. sponta could be controlled under field conditions in Egypt using some biocontrol compounds. These compounds were a suspension of spores of two species of antagonistic rhizobacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens (1:1) and the nematode trapping fungi Dactylaria brochopaga in a suspension or granule form. Each suspension was added to the soil at three rates 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 liter/ karate (karate =175m2) before planting the tubers. D. brochopaga as granules was similarly added at the rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg/karate. Furadan was also used as a granular nematicide at 1 kg/karate in addition to an untreated check. The results showed that all treatments significantly reduced the population densities of M. incognita in soil, as well as gall formation on potato roots, compared to control at harvesting. Such nematicidal effect increased proportionally by successive increase of concentration. D. brochopaga as a granule form was the most effective treatment on both juvenile numbers in the soil recorded 59.82, 76.21 and 77.68% reduction and on root galls, recorded 48.56 and 68% reduction, at the three tested doses, respectively. The suspension containing D. brochopaga was less effective, it achieved 28.56% and 40% gall reductions but 28.57%, 68.75%, and 55.38% reductions in juveniles; respectively. Total numbers of pathogenic fungi were affected by the biocontrol agents added. Their numbers were negatively affected with all treatments compared to control. Also, the total number of B. subtilies and P. fluorescens were increased by time. Generally, potato yield was significantly increased due to treatments, especially when applied at high dosage levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field trial was conducted at El-Shourouk Farm, El-Beheira governorate, Egypt to determine the effectiveness of the commercial bio-product Dbx 1003, 20% containing the nematode-trapping fungus, Dactylaria brochopaga against rootknot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infesting grapevine variety Superior. Its effects on plant growth criteria and yield production were also investigated. The fungus was introduced to soil by either of two ways; soil was drenched with spore suspension at the rate of 3L/tree and ½ kg of a vermiculite substrate, as a carrier of spores and mycelia, was added around each tree, both as single and twice applications in autumn and spring. All treatments significantly (p ⩽ 0.05) reduced M. incognita 2nd instar juvenile in the soil and number of root galls compared to the untreated control. Significant yield increases were recorded at all treatments. Twice applications of spores' suspension gave highest yield production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a field experiment, the nematode-biocide, Dbx-1003, was evaluated against the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans infecting Mandarin, Citrus reticulata, Dbx-1003 20% G., was applied in October 2008 at the rate 1/2 kg/tree, and root and soil samples were collected monthly until the next October, 2009. Successive treatment of the same biocide was added in May 2009. For the comparison, Vydate 24% L, was applied as well as non-treated check trees were left. Data revealed that the biocide treatment greatly affected the citrus nematode numbers both in soil and roots, in comparing with those of Vydate or induced by Dbx-1003 was 97% and 70%; respectively in soil and roots. Rates of reproduction increase of the citrus nematode also reached 3% and 30% in both soil and roots; respectively. Vydate treatment resulted in a relatively lesser percentages. Growth of the concomitant fungus, Trichoderma sp. was increased specially in the last samples of October 2009, however those of fungi; Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp. and Rhizopus sp. were reduced, due to Dbx-1003 treatment. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. were not affected by the presence of the biocide. Vydate did not affect the co-inhabitant fungi to a great extent.

Propolis is a resinous substances collected by honey bees, It cannot be used as a raw material, so it must be purified by extraction with solvent. This work aimed to study the physiological influence of propolis extract as foliar application or soil drench on faba bean plants and its role against nematode infection. Propolis samples were extracted by using three different solvents (distilled water or 70% ethanol or acetone) (750 and 1000 mg/l). Qualitative tests of the propolis extracts proved that these extracts contain sterols, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Moreover, few numbers of phenolic acids (coumaric, ferulic, salicylic and benzoic acid) were also detected on TLC plates. All treatments of propolis extract (as foliar application or soil drench) increased total chlorophyll and carotenoid and the magnitude of increase was more pronounced by applying the higher concentration (1000 mg/l). Moreover, alll propolis extracts increased shoot height; root dry weight; number of branches and pods/plant; number of seeds/pod as well as seed index. Acetonic extract was the most effective particularly at higher concentration. Applying propolis extracts as foliar application or soil drench caused an increase in carbohydrate content of the yielded seeds accompanied by a decrease in phytic acid and vicine content. In addition, foliar application of all propolis extracts caused an increasing in protein content and phenolic compounds of the yielded seeds, whereas, soil drench with ethanolic or acetonic extract only at 1000 mg/L increased protein content. The data revealed that the propolis extract as soil drench reduced the juvenile-Meloidogyne sp.-population density per one kg soil and number of root-galls per one gm roots specially at the higher concentration (1000 mg/l). It is worthy to mention that faba bean plants treated with propolis extract either as foliar application or soil drench could overcome the inhibitory influence of nematode infection.

A field trial was conducted in El-Shourouk Farm, El-Beheira governorate, western Nile valley, Egypt to determine the effectiveness of the commercial bio-product Dbx 1003 20% containing the nematode-trapping fungus Dactylaria brochopaga against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infesting grapevine variety Superior. Its effects on plant growth criteria and yield production were also investigated. The fungus was introduced to soil by either of two ways. First: soil was drenched with spore suspension at the rate of 3 l/tree. Second: 1/2 kg of a vermiculite substrate, as a carrier of spores and mycelia was added around each tree both as single and twice application in autumn and spring. All treatments significantly reduced M. incognita J2 in soil and number of root galls compared with the untreated control. Significant yield increases have been observed with all treatments compared with the untreated control. Spores suspension twice applications gave the highest yield production.