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The vibronic structure and nuclear dynamics in the first five excited singlet electronic states of bithiophene (2T) are investigated here. Specifically, considerations are given to comprehend the first two structureless and broad electronic absorption bands and the role of nonadiabatic coupling in the excited state relaxation mechanism of 2T in the gas phase. Associated potential energy surfaces (PESs) are established by constructing a model vibronic coupling Hamiltonian using 18 vibrational degrees of freedom and extensive ab initio electronic structure calculations. The topographies of these PESs are critically examined, and multiple conical intersections are established. The nuclear dynamics calculations are performed by propagating wave packets on the coupled electronic manifold. The present theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental observations. It is found that strong nonadiabatic coupling between the S1–S4 and S1–S5 states along totally symmetric modes is predominantly responsible for the structureless and broad first absorption band, and overlapping S2, S3, S4, and S5 states form the second absorption band. Photorelaxation from the highly excited S5 to the lowest S1 state takes place through a cascade of diabatic population transfers among the S1–S4–S5 electronic manifold within the first ∼100 fs. Totally symmetric C=C stretching, C–S stretching, C–H wagging, ring puckering, and inter-ring bending modes collectively drive such relaxation dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Random-Phase approximation (RPA) provides an appealing framework for semi-local density functional theory. In its Resolution-of-the-Identity (RI) approach, it is a very accurate and more cost-effective method than most other wavefunction-based correlation methods. For widespread applications, efficient implementations of nuclear gradients for structure optimizations and data sampling of machine learning approaches are required. We report a well scaling implementation of RI-RPA nuclear gradients on massively parallel computers. The approach is applied to two polymorphs of the benzene crystal obtaining very good cohesive and relative energies. Different correction and extrapolation schemes are investigated for further improvement of the results and estimations of error bars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Note: Photoelectron imaging of MnO3- to probe its nuclear and electronic structure In this note, we revisit the MnO SB 3 sb SP - sp photoelectron spectrum using photoelectron imaging and reassess the assignment, showing that in fact, MnO SB 3 sb is planar in its ground electronic state. Using anion photoelectron spectroscopy, a previous study by Gutsev I et al. i [1] found the ground state of MnO SB 3 sb to have a trigonal pyramidal structure. A 126(22), 3495-3501 (2022). 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02008 9 J. B. Kim, M. L. Weichman, and D. M. Neumark, "Structural isomers of Ti2O4 and Zr2O4 anions identified by slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136(19), 7159-7168 (2014). 10.1021/ja502713v 10 V. D. Moravec and C. C. Jarrold, "Study of the low-lying states of NiO- and NiO using anion photoelectron spectroscopy", J. Chem. Phys. [Extracted from the article]

The nuclear and magnetic structures of CaxSr2−xWMnO6 (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) have been investigated by neutron diffraction at 295, 30 or 40 K, and 4 or 5 K. The compounds crystallized in the monoclinic symmetry with a space group P21/n. The nuclear structure consists of ordered WO6 and Mn2+O6 octahedral frameworks, with lattice constant a decreasing more rapidly than b with increasing Ca content. No structural change was found around the magnetic transition temperature, although the Mn octahedron below the magnetic order temperature exhibited a slightly compressed Jahn–Teller distortion (0.1–0.3 Å) along the c axis. A standard magnetic model was used to solve the magnetic structure, with the Mn magnetic moments ferromagnetically coupled along the a axis and anti-ferromagnetically coupled along the b and c axes, resulting in a magnetic propagation vector of k = (0,1/2, 1/2) and a magnetic superlattice of 1a × 2b × 2c. In each crystallographic cell, the Mn1–Mn2 atoms are antiferromagnetically configurated, compensating the total moment to zero by symmetry. A layer-type magnetism along the (111) crystallographic plane was confirmed to couple antiferromagnetically between these planes and ferromagnetically within them. The magnetic structure refinement confirmed an average Mn moment of 4.5 μB. Also, it reveals that the collinear magnetic Mn configuration has three possible spin orientations, namely, (with their standard deviation) [μx = (3.3 ± 0.4) μB, μy = (2.5 ± 0.3) μB, μz = (−0.7 ± 0.7) μB], [μx = (3.0 ± 0.4) μB, μy = (0.5 ± 0.2) μB, μz = (−2.8 ± 0.2) μB, and [μx = (−1.8 ± 0.4) μB, μy = (2.9 ± 0.2) μB, μz = (−2.4 ± 0.3) μB. The first configuration is estimated to be the ground state, while the other magnetic configurations are an optimum local value derived from the refinements. Combined with the density functional theory calculations, these experimental results confirm a high-spin state Mn2+ (d5) electron configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multi-organ autoimmune disease marked by the production of autoantibodies against nuclear structures, formation of immune complexes, and chronic inflammation triggered by their tissular deposition. SLE is characterized by alternating periods of relapse and remission and each flare has the potential to cause new organ damage related to either the disease process or the medication toxicity. Despite remarkable progress across its multiple domains, SLE is still an area with many unmet needs, calling for innovative and practical solutions. The efforts of the drug development programme in lupus have led to considerable growth in the last decade, owing to the approval of belimumab, anifrolumab, and voclosporin. The increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease has enabled the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. New discoveries in the intricate cytokine kaleidoscope of lupus have made the concept of targeted therapy an attractive and promising research focus. JAK inhibitors are oral targeted therapies approved for a wide variety of diseases across the Rheumatology, Gastroenterology, Dermatology, and Haematology fields. Multiple JAKis are currently being investigated in SLE. This paper aims to summarize existing data coming from both clinical trials and case reports regarding the use of JAK inhibitors in SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of the cell nucleus of higher organisms has become a major topic of advanced light microscopy. So far, a variety of methods have been applied, including confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, 4Pi, STED and localisation microscopy approaches, as well as different types of patterned illumination microscopy, modulated either laterally (in the object plane) or axially (along the optical axis). Based on our experience, we discuss here some application perspectives of Modulated Illumination Microscopy (MIM) and its combination with single‐molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM). For example, spatially modulated illumination microscopy/SMI (illumination modulation along the optical axis) has been used to determine the axial extension (size) of small, optically isolated fluorescent objects between ≤ 200 nm and ≥ 40 nm diameter with a precision down to the few nm range; it also allows the axial positioning of such structures down to the 1 nm scale; combined with laterally structured illumination/SIM, a 3D localisation precision of ≤1 nm is expected using fluorescence yields typical for SMLM applications. Together with the nanosizing capability of SMI, this can be used to analyse macromolecular nuclear complexes with a resolution approaching that of cryoelectron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the epi-cadmium neutron-induced fission of 239Pu, cumulative and independent yields of various fission products within the mass ranges of 83 to 117 and 123 to 156 have been measured by using an off-line gamma-ray spectrometric technique. The spectrum average neutron energy is 1.9 MeV. Charge distribution correction on the cumulative yields was applied to obtain their post-neutron mass yields. Mass yield distribution parameters such as the peak-to-valley (P/V) ratio, the full-width at tenth-maximum of light and heavy mass wings, the average light mass and heavy mass , and the average neutron number <ν> were obtained. The mass yields in the epi-cadmium and thermal neutron–induced fission of 239Pu were compared to examine the role of excitation energy on the P/V ratio and the nuclear structure effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stem cell loss in aging and disease is associated with nuclear deformation. Yet, how nuclear shape influences stem cell homeostasis is poorly understood. We investigated this connection using Drosophila germline stem cells, as survival of these stem cells is compromised by dysfunction of the nuclear lamina, the extensive protein network that lines the inner nuclear membrane and gives shape to the nucleus. To induce nuclear distortion in germline stem cells, we used the GAL4-UAS system to increase expression of the permanently farnesylated nuclear lamina protein, Kugelkern, a rate limiting factor for nuclear growth. We show that elevated Kugelkern levels cause severe nuclear distortion in germline stem cells, including extensive thickening and lobulation of the nuclear envelope and nuclear lamina, as well as alteration of internal nuclear compartments. Despite these changes, germline stem cell number, proliferation, and female fertility are preserved, even as females age. Collectively, these data demonstrate that disruption of nuclear architecture does not cause a failure of germline stem cell survival or homeostasis, revealing that nuclear deformation does not invariably promote stem cell loss. [Display omitted] • Nuclear lamina (NL) assembly is unaffected by nuclear envelope expansion. • Nuclear envelope (NE) expansion alters structure of internal nuclear compartments. • Excess NE and NL do not interfere with centrosome remodeling in GSC mitosis. • NL distortion is not sufficient to promote a failure of GSC survival or homeostasis. • Functional consequences of nuclear distortion are contextual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent studies showed an interphase chromosome architecture—a specific coiled nucleosome structure—derived from cryopreserved EM tomograms, and dispersed throughout the nucleus. The images were computationally processed to fill in the missing wedges of data caused by incomplete tomographic tilts. The resulting structures increased z-resolution enabling an extension of the proposed architecture to that of mitotic chromosomes. Here, we provide additional insights into the chromosome architecture that was recently published [M. Elbaum et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 119, e2119101119 (2022)]. We build on the defined chromosomes time-dependent structures in an effort to probe their dynamics. Variants of the coiled chromosome structures, possibly further defining specific regions, are discussed. We propose, based on generalized specific uncoiling of mitotic chromosomes in telophase, large-scale reorganization of interphase chromosomes. Chromosome territories, organized as micron-sized small patches, are constructed, satisfying complex volume considerations. Finally, we unveiled the structures of replicated coiled chromosomes, still attached to centromeres, as part of chromosome architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: We used marker-free technologies to study chromatin at cellular resolution. Our results show asymmetric chromatin distribution, explore chromatin dynamics during mitosis, and reveal structural differences between trichoblast and atrichoblast cell. The shapes, sizes, and structural organizations of plant nuclei vary considerably among cell types, tissues, and species. This diversity is dependent on various factors, including cellular function, developmental stage, and environmental or physiological conditions. The differences in nuclear structure reflect the state of chromatin, which, in turn, controls gene expression and regulates cell fate. To examine the interrelationship between nuclear structure, cell morphology, and tissue-specific cell proliferation and differentiation processes, we conducted multiple visualizations of H3K4me1, H3K9me2, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, 5-ethynyl 2′-deoxyuridine, and SCRI Renaissance 2200, followed by subsequent quantitative analysis of individual cells and nuclei. By assigning cylindrical coordinates to the nuclei in the iRoCS toolbox, we were able to construct in situ digital three-dimensional chromatin maps for all the tissue layers of individual roots. A detailed analysis of the nuclei features of H3K4me1 and H3K9me2 in the mitotic and the elongation zones in trichoblast and atrichoblast cells at the root apical meristem revealed cell type-specific chromatin dynamics with asymmetric distribution of euchromatin and heterochromatin marks that may be associated with cell cycle and cell differentiation characteristics of specific cells. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of nuclei stained with 5-ethynyl 2′-deoxyuridine in the epidermis and cortex tissues suggests short-range coordination of cell division and nuclear migration in a linear sequence through an unknown regulatory mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental reaction and decay studies producing nuclei in the A=230 mass chain have been reviewed. Data on elements from radon (Z=86) to americium (Z=95) are included, and level and decay schemes are presented for these nuclides. This work supersedes the previous evaluation for this mass chain (2012Br12). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor (85%) of kidney cancer and has a complex histological pattern and nuclear structure. The manual diagnosis of kidney cancer or any other cancer from histopathology image depends on the knowledge and experience of pathologists, and the pathologist's experience influences the results. According to studies, the kind of histology in kidney cancer is related to the prognosis and course of treatment. Since the kind of histology, molecular profile, and stage of the disease all affect how the disease is treated, there is an essential need to develop an automated system that can precisely analyze the histopathological images of the disease. This work demonstrates how a deep learning framework can be used to predict and classify associated grades of RCC from provided haematoxylin and eosin (H &E) images. The proposed model focuses on two important tasks- First to capture and extract associated features from the H &E images of five different grades. Second, to classify the new set of unseen H &E images into five separate grades using the obtained features. The proposed architecture has been tested and experimented on two independent datasets containing H &E stained histopathology images. The proposed architecture has been examined using the following performance metrics namely precision, recall, F1 - score, accuracy, Floating-point operations (FLOPs), and the total number of parameters. The obtained results show that the proposed architecture attains better results over seven state-of-the-art deep learning architectures on two different H &E stained histopathology image datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alterations in nuclear structure and function are hallmarks of cancer cells. Little is known about these changes in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), crucial components of the tumor microenvironment. Loss of the androgen receptor (AR) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), which triggers early steps of CAF activation, leads to nuclear membrane changes and micronuclei formation, independent of cellular senescence. Similar changes occur in established CAFs and are reversed by restoring AR activity. AR associates with nuclear lamin A/C, and its loss causes lamin A/C nucleoplasmic redistribution. AR serves as a bridge between lamin A/C and the protein phosphatase PPP1. Loss of AR decreases lamin-PPP1 association and increases lamin A/C phosphorylation at Ser 301, a characteristic of CAFs. Phosphorylated lamin A/C at Ser 301 binds to the regulatory region of CAF effector genes of the myofibroblast subtype. Expression of a lamin A/C Ser301 phosphomimetic mutant alone can transform normal fibroblasts into tumor-promoting CAFs. Alterations in nuclear structure are hallmarks of cancer cells but little is known about these changes in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs). Here, the authors show that loss of the androgen receptor (AR) in fibroblasts causes nuclear alteration and transforms them into tumor-promoting CAFs through increased phosphorylation of lamin A/C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malassezia is a lipophilic commensal yeast that resides mainly on the mammalian skin and is also found to associate with the internal organs. Dysbiosis of Malassezia is related to several diseases and often escapes detection as it is difficult to culture and maintain. Malassezia cell wall differs from other budding yeasts like S. cerevisiae due to the difference in the lipid content and is difficult to transform. In this study, we present a methodology to stain Malassezia's nucleus and perform cell cycle studies. However, staining presents a challenge due to its exceptionally thick cell wall with high lipid content, hindering conventional methods. Our novel methodology addresses this challenge and enables the staining of the Malassezia nucleus with a low background. This would allow researchers to visualize the overall nuclear health specifically nuclear morphology and analyze DNA content, crucial for cell cycle progression. By employing DNA-specific dyes like DAPI or Hoechst, we can observe the nuclear structure, and using PI we can differentiate cells in distinct cell cycle phases using techniques like flow cytometry. This novel staining methodology unlocks the door for in-depth cell cycle analysis in Malassezia which has challenged us through ages being refractory to genetic manipulations, paving the way for a deeper understanding of this commensal fungus and its potential role in human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten populations of Caucasian juniper J. communis var. oblonga were analyzed using seven microsatellite nSSR loci to draw conclusions about migration routes and genetic relationships with populations in the northern part of their range. These new data were combined with data previously obtained from the main Eurasian range. The results of nSSR analysis confirm the data on the cpDNA structure of J. communis var. oblonga about the existence of a deep divergence between the populations of the eastern part of the Greater Caucasus and the populations of the main range, which is likely due to the long-term isolation of juniper in this part of the Caucasus. At the same time, the results indicate the existence of a juniper gene flow from the main range toward the Western Caucasus, which was more intense with seeds. The migration routes of birds established during interglacial periods contributed to the dispersal of seeds over long distances and contacts of juniper from the main part of its range with juniper in the western part of the Caucasus, which was reflected in the structure of nuclear DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of nuclear science has considerably advanced since its beginning just over a century ago. Today, the science of rare isotopes is on the cusp of a new era with theoretical and computing advances complementing experimental capabilities at new facilities internationally. In this article we present a vision for the science of rare isotope beams (RIBs). We do not attempt to cover the full breadth of the field; rather, we provide a perspective and address a selection of topics that reflect our own interests and expertise. We focus in particular on systems near the drip lines, where one often finds nuclei that are referred to as exotic and where the role of the nuclear continuum is only just starting to be explored. An important aspect of this article is its attempt to highlight the crucial connections between nuclear structure and the nuclear reactions required to fully interpret and leverage the rich data to be collected in the next years at RIB facilities. Further, we connect the efforts in structure and reactions to key questions of nuclear astrophysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a review of the conceptual basis, current knowledge, and recent progress regarding global analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). After introducing the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches for the extraction of nuclear PDFs from experimental data, we discuss how different measurements in fixed-target and collider experiments provide increasingly precise constraints on various aspects of nuclear PDFs, including shadowing, antishadowing, the EMC effect, Fermi motion, flavor separation, deuteron binding, and target-mass and other higher-twist effects. Particular emphasis is given to measurements carried out in proton–lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, which have revolutionized the global analysis during the past decade. These measurements include electroweak boson, jet, light hadron, and heavy flavor observables. Finally, we outline the expected impact of the future Electron Ion Collider and discuss the role and interplay of nuclear PDFs with other branches of nuclear, particle, and astroparticle physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclei will play a prominent role in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model as the active material in experiments. In order to reliably interpret new physics signals, one needs an accurate model of the underlying nuclear dynamics. In this review, we discuss recent progress made with quantum Monte Carlo approaches for calculating the electroweak structure of light nuclei. We place particular emphasis on recent β decay, muon capture, neutrinoless double β decay, and electron scattering results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the role of information entropy in understanding nuclear density distributions, including both stable configurations and non-traditional structures such as neutron halos and α -clustering. By quantifying the uncertainty and disorder inherent in nucleon distributions in nuclear many-body systems, information entropy provides a macroscopic measure of the physical properties of the system. A more dispersed and disordered density distribution results in a higher value of information entropy. This intrinsic relationship between information entropy and system complexity allows us to quantify uncertainty and disorder in nuclear structures by analyzing various geometric parameters such as nuclear radius, diffuseness, neutron skin, and cluster structural features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We introduce a new framework for the nuclear structure calculations, which describes the single-particle wave function as a superposition of localized Gaussians. It is a hybrid of the Hartree–Fock and antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) models. In the numerical calculations of oxygen, calcium isotopes, and |$^{100}{\rm Sn}$|⁠ , the framework shows its potential by significantly improving upon AMD and yielding results that are consistent with or even better than Hartree–Fock(–Bogoliubov) calculations based on harmonic oscillator expansions. In addition to the basic equations, general forms of the matrix elements are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct detection of dark matter constituents, particularly weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), is central to particle physics and cosmology. In this paper, we develop the formalism for WIMP–nucleus-induced transitions from isomeric nuclear states, with particular focus on the experimentally interesting target 180Ta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deformed shell model (DSM), based on Hartree–Fock intrinsic states with angular momentum projection and band mixing, has been found to be quite successful in describing many spectroscopic properties of nuclei in the A = 60–100 region. More importantly, DSM has been used recently with good success in calculating nuclear structure factors, which are needed for a variety of weak interaction processes. In this article, in addition to giving an overview of this, we discuss the applications of DSM to obtain cross-sections for coherent and incoherent neutrino nucleus scattering on 96,98,100Mo targets and also for obtaining two neutrino double beta decay nuclear transition matrix elements for 100Mo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the structural performance of novel steel-plate concrete containment structures, focusing on third-generation nuclear power plants. To address the challenges of increased complexities and costs associated with double-layer containment designs, this study explores the potential of steel-plate concrete structures to enhance safety, economic efficiency, and construction simplicity. The steel-plate concrete structure, characterized by its core concrete and dual steel plates, shows superior compressive strength, bending resistance, and elastoplasticity. Extensive numerical analyses, including finite element modeling and thermal-stress coupling, were conducted under various load conditions. Under structural integrity test conditions, the maximum radial displacement observed was 24.59 mm. Under design basis conditions, the maximum radial displacement was 47.61 mm; under severe accident conditions, it was 53.83 mm. The ultimate bearing capacity was 0.91 MPa, 2.17 times the design pressure. This study concludes that the steel-plate concrete containment structure maintains a high safety margin under all tested conditions, with stress and strain well within acceptable limits. It can effectively serve as a robust barrier against radioactive leakage and malicious impacts, providing a viable alternative to conventional containment designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper evaluates the seismic performance of the frame‐bent structure of a conventional island main building in a nuclear power plant (NPP) using the CAP1400 NPP project of Rongcheng Shidaowan in Shandong Province as a case study. A 12‐pin 3‐span prototype structural model of a steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frame‐bent main building is established in ABAQUS, and its seismic fragility is analyzed. The results show that under the conditions of an 8‐degree frequent earthquake and an 8‐degree fortification earthquake, the transcendental probability under the four limit states of the structural seismic fragility matrix with Sa as intensity measure (IM) is higher than that with peak ground acceleration (PGA) as IM. Moreover, under an 8‐degree rare earthquake, the structure has completely exceeded the normal service performance level and has reached the service performance level of temporary use and repair. The seismic damage index of the structure demonstrates that the structure's seismic damage does not exceed the medium damage state under a small earthquake. However, under the action of a moderate earthquake, the seismic damage of the structure ranges from moderate to serious damage. When subjected to large earthquakes, the seismic damage of the structure is basically in a state of serious damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental and theoretical studies of β electrons (electrons emitted in β-decay transitions) and their β-electron spectra have recently experienced a rapid expansion. These β spectral shapes have been used to study total β spectra of fission-product nuclei in the quest for explanation of the reactor-flux anomalies, and individual β transitions in search for β spectral shapes sensitive to the effective value of the weak axial coupling gA. In the former case the TAGS (total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy) can be efficiently used to measure the total β spectral shapes and in the latter case dedicated measurements of the involved forbidden nonunique β transitions have been deployed. The fourth-forbidden nonunique decay transitions 113Cd(1/2+g.s → 113In(9/2+g.s and 115In(9/2+g.s 115Sn(1/2+g.s represent theoretically and experimentally much-studied cases where the total β spectra consist of these single transitions. In these particular cases the TAGS method could be used to assess the effective value of gA. In the present work we have identified five more interesting cases where a total β spectrum consists of a single transition. These spectra correspond to second-forbidden nonunique transitions and are gA and/or sNME dependent, where sNME denotes the so-called small relativistic vector nuclear matrix element. These studies have been performed using the nuclear shell model with well established effective Hamiltonians. With this we target to β transitions that would potentially be of high interest for the TAGS and present and future dedicated β -spectrum experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of the nuclear structure of nuclides used for medical diagnosis using positron emission tomography (PET) is presented in this work. These nuclides are 11C, 13N, 15O and 18F, which are unstable by emitting β+ particles. They have half-lives of several minutes, which make them suitable radionuclides for PET. These radionuclides are produced through nuclear reactions using a cyclotron.  Studying the nuclear structure of these light nuclides is performed through the shell model. The full space of the p-shell model is used for the p-shell nuclei, and the full space of the sd-shell model for the sd-shell nucleus. The study includes calculations of magnetic moments and quadrupole electric moments. Calculations of form factors are presented to give predictions for future experimental studies. Protons and neutrons’ effective charges are used to include core-polarization effects. The single-particle states used in the calculations are those of the harmonic oscillator potential. Excellent agreement is obtained between the calculated observables and the available experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluated nuclear structure and decay data for all nuclei with mass number A=202 (202Os, 202Ir, 202Pt, 202Au, 202Hg, 202Tl, 202Pb, 202Bi, 202Po, 202At, 202Rn, 202Fr and 202Ra), are presented. All available experimental data are compiled and evaluated, and best values for level and γ -ray energies, quantum numbers, lifetimes, γ -ray intensities and transition probabilities, as well as other nuclear properties, are recommended. Inconsistencies and discrepancies that exist in the literature are discussed. A number of computer codes (https://www.nds.iaea.org/public/ensdf%5fpgm/) developed by members of the NSDD network were used during the evaluation process. This work supersedes the earlier evaluation by F.G. Kondev (2007Ko42), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 108 , 1471 (2007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental nuclear structure and decay data are evaluated for 13 known nuclides of mass number A=63 (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se). Detailed evaluated level properties and related information are presented and recommended spectroscopic parameters are provided, combining all the data from various reactions and decays. No excited state has been observed for 63Ti, 63As and 63Se, among which the first two nuclides have no halflife, decay modes and spin-parity being measured and reported yet. The ground-state spins and/or parities of 63V, 63Cr, 63Mn, and 63Ge still have not been definitely determined and information for excited states in these nuclides plus 63Fe is limited. Information for 63Ga is mostly from one measurement and no data for 63Ge ε + β + decay have been measured while this decay mode (%100) of the 63Ge parent is known. The 63Cu nuclide is the most extensively studied via more than 28 different reactions and decays, followed by 63Zn and 63Ni. Among all those nuclides, only 63Cu has a complete radioactive decay scheme. This work supersedes earlier full evaluations of A=63 published by 2001Ba27, 1991Ki10, 1979Au10, and 1975Au03. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear envelopathies are rare genetic diseases that compromise the integrity of the nuclear envelope. Patients with a defect in LEM domain nuclear envelope protein 2 (LEMD2) leading to LEMD2‐associated progeroid syndrome are exceedingly scarce in number, yet they exhibit shared clinical features including skeletal abnormalities and a prematurely‐aged appearance. Our study broadens the understanding of LEMD2‐associated progeroid syndrome by detailing its phenotypic and molecular characteristics in the first female and fourth reported case, highlighting a distinct impact on metabolic functions. The patient's history revealed growth delay, facial and skeletal abnormalities, and recurrent abdominal pain crises caused by hepatomegaly. Comparisons with the previously documented cases emphasized similarities in skeletal and facial features while showcasing unique variations, notably in cardiac and hepatic manifestations. In vitro experiments conducted on patient‐derived peripheral blood and urinary epithelial cells and LEMD2‐downregulated HepG2 cells confirmed abnormalities in the structure of the nuclear envelope in all three tissue‐types. Overall, our work offers a comprehensive profile of a patient with LEMD2‐related syndrome, emphasizing the hepatic involvement in the disease and broadening our understanding of clinical and molecular implications. This study not only contributes specific insights into LEMD2‐related conditions but also underscores potential therapeutic paths for disorders affecting nuclear envelope dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) stress significantly affect the growth, physiological characteristics, and nutrient uptake of rice plants. This study investigated the photosynthetic nitrogen (N) metabolism, N uptake, and N utilization of plants under varied P and K supplies. Two local conventional high-yield rice varieties (Shennong 265 and Liaojing 294) were used. These varieties were subjected to the following hydroponic experimental treatments: HPHK (normal P and K concentrations), HPLK (normal P and 1/20 normal K concentration), LPHK (normal K and 1/20 normal P concentration), and LPLK (1/20 normal P and K concentrations). The results showed that the mesophyll cells had a relatively complete nuclear and chloroplast structures, and the antioxidant enzymes of the plants were significantly reduced under the HPHK treatment. Compared to the LP treatments (LPHK and LPLK), the HPHK treatment was found to have the following potential effects: effectively optimize plant configuration; promote leaf development (Pn, E, Ci, and Tr, chlorophyll, and leaf area index); significantly increase the N-metabolism-related enzyme activity of leaves and roots and the accumulation of N in the plant in the main growth stages; and significantly increase the rice yield and N-related efficiency. In conclusion, the HPHK treatment was found to be beneficial in improving the plant configuration, promoting photosynthetic N metabolism, and increasing grain yield and N-related utilization efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-neutron mass yield distribution in the epi-cadmium neutron-induced fission of 233U has been carried out by measuring the cumulative yields of various fission products within the mass ranges of 77 to 117 and 123 to 153 using an off-line gamma-ray spectrometric technique. Independent yields of a few fission products were also measured by using the same technique. Charge distribution correction has been applied on cumulative yields to obtain the post-neutron mass yields. The mass yield distribution parameters such as full-width at tenth-maximum of light and heavy mass wings, the average light mass and heavy mass , and the average number of neutrons <ν> were obtained. The spectrum average neutron energy is 1.9 MeV. Thus, the role of excitation energy on the nuclear structure effect was examined by comparing the mass yield data in between the epi-cadmium and thermal neutron–induced fission of 233U. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a finite element model to simulate the penetration of nanoneedles into the cellular nucleus. It is found that the nuclear lamina, the primary supporting structure of the nuclear membrane, plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the nuclear envelope and enhancing stress concentration in the nuclear membrane. Notably, nuclear lamina A exhibits a more pronounced effect compared to nuclear lamina B. Subsequently, we further conducted experiments by controlling the time of osteopontin (OPN) treatment to modify the nuclear lamina density, and the results showed that an increase in nuclear lamina density enhances the probability of nanoneedle penetration into the nuclear membrane. Through employing both simulation and experimental techniques, we have gathered compelling evidence indicating that an augmented density of nuclear lamina A can enhance the penetration of nanoneedles into the nuclear membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article discusses the field of nuclear physics and its various applications and frontiers. It highlights the importance of collaboration between theory and experiment in making breakthroughs in the field. The article includes contributions from researchers in different subfields of nuclear physics, such as nuclear structure, reactions, dynamics, hadron physics, nuclear astrophysics, and neutrino physics. It also discusses the use of different methodologies, including Monte Carlo approaches and ab initio methods. The article concludes by mentioning upcoming facilities and future opportunities for nuclear physics research. [Extracted from the article]

Well-developed α clusters are known to exist in light N=Z nuclei, and their properties are reasonably well described with modern nuclear structure theories. However, 'modestly' developed clusters in medium to heavy nuclei remain little understood, both theoretically and experimentally. Extension of the focus to include modestly developed clusters leads us to a concept of 'generalized clusters' and 'cluster ubiquitousness'. The former includes clusters more weakly bound than an α cluster, such as deuteron, triton and He3 , and even clusters partially broken owing to nuclear medium effects. The latter means the existence of clusters in any nuclei, where cluster development was not previously discussed. Effects of the tensor and the spin–orbit interactions on the coexistence of clusters with independent nucleons are discussed using recent nuclear theoretical models. A mixture of the clusters with shell-like components plays an essential role in the synthesis of elements in the universe and the origin of life, together with an α decay. It is also pointed out that clustering in heavy nuclei may accelerate fission and fusion processes. Future experimental plans using cluster knockout reactions, which have the potential to extract information of 'generalized clusters' in a variety of nuclei including stable and unstable nuclei, are also discussed. This article is part of the theme issue 'The liminal position of Nuclear Physics: from hadrons to neutron stars'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]