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1. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in postsecondary students

Author

Nugent K and Smart W

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Kevin Nugent,1 Wallace Smart2,3 1Kinark Child and Family Services, Trent University and Sir Sanford Fleming College, Peterborough, ON, Canada; 2Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 3University of Lethbridge Health Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada Abstract: A PubMed review was conducted for papers reporting on attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in postsecondary students. The review was performed in order to determine the prevalence and symptomatology of ADHD in postsecondary students, to examine its effects on academic achievement, and discuss appropriate management. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms among postsecondary students ranges from 2% to 12%. Students with ADHD have lower grade point averages and are more likely to withdraw from courses, to indulge in risky behaviors, and to have other psychiatric comorbidities than their non-ADHD peers. Ensuring that students with ADHD receive appropriate support requires documented evidence of impairment to academic and day-to-day functioning. In adults with ADHD, stimulants improve concentration and attention, although improved academic productivity remains to be demonstrated. ADHD negatively impacts academic performance in students and increases the likelihood of drug and alcohol problems. Affected students may therefore benefit from disability support services, academic accommodations, and pharmacological treatment. Keywords: adults, academic performance, stimulants, treatment

Published
2014

11. Atmospheric extinction properties above Mauna Kea from the Nearby Supernova Factory spectro-photometric data set

Author

Buton, C., Copin, Y., Aldering, G., Antilogus, P., Aragon, C., Bailey, S., Baltay, C., Bongard, S., Canto, A., Cellier-Holzem, F., Childress, M., Chotard, N., Fakhouri, H. K., Gangler, E., Guy, J., Hsiao, E. Y., Kerschhaggl, M., Kowalski, M., Loken, S., Paech, P. Nugent K., Pain, R., Pécontal, E., Pereira, R., Perlmutter, S., Rabinowitz, D., Rigault, M., Runge, K., Scalzo, R., Smadja, G., Tao, C., Thomas, R. C., Weave, B. A., and Wu, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a new atmospheric extinction curve for Mauna Kea spanning 3200--9700 \AA. It is the most comprehensive to date, being based on some 4285 standard star spectra obtained on 478 nights spread over a period of 7 years obtained by the Nearby SuperNova Factory using the SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph. This mean curve and its dispersion can be used as an aid in calibrating spectroscopic or imaging data from Mauna Kea, and in estimating the calibration uncertainty associated with the use of a mean extinction curve. Our method for decomposing the extinction curve into physical components, and the ability to determine the chromatic portion of the extinction even on cloudy nights, is described and verified over the wide range of conditions sampled by our large dataset. We demonstrate good agreement with atmospheric science data obtain at nearby Mauna Loa Observatory, and with previously published measurements of the extinction above Mauna Kea., Comment: 22 pages, 24 figures, 6 tables

Published
2012
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12. Coherence Properties of Individual Femtosecond Pulses of an X-ray Free-Electron Laser

Author

Vartanyants, I. A., Singer, A., Mancuso, A. P., Yefanov, O., Sakdinawat, A., Liu, Y., Bang, E., Williams, G. J., Cadenazzi, G., Abbey, B., Sinn, H., Attwood, D., Nugent, K. A., Weckert, E., Wang, T., Zhu, D., Wu, B., Graves, C., Scherz, A., Turner, J. J., Schlotter, W. F., Messerschmidt, M., Luning, J., Acremann, Y., Heimann, P., Mancini, D. C., Joshi, V., Krzywinski, J., Soufli, R., Fernandez-Perea, M., Hau-Riege, S., Peele, A. G., Feng, Y., Krupin, O., Moeller, S., and Wurth, W.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Measurements of the spatial and temporal coherence of single, femtosecond x-ray pulses generated by the first hard x-ray free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), are presented. Single shot measurements were performed at 780 eV x-ray photon energy using apertures containing double pinholes in "diffract and destroy" mode. We determined a coherence length of 17 micrometers in the vertical direction, which is approximately the size of the focused LCLS beam in the same direction. The analysis of the diffraction patterns produced by the pinholes with the largest separation yields an estimate of the temporal coherence time of 0.6 fs. We find that the total degree of transverse coherence is 56% and that the x-ray pulses are adequately described by two transverse coherent modes in each direction. This leads us to the conclusion that 78% of the total power is contained in the dominant mode., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2011
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13. Acute Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Toxicity Results from a Prospective Randomized Phase II Trial Evaluating Adjuvant Pelvic Radiotherapy Using Either IMRT or 3-Dimensional Planning for Endometrial Cancer

Author

Nugent, K., primary, Browne, D., additional, Dunne, M., additional, Osullivan, L., additional, Shannon, A.M., additional, Sharma, D., additional, Bradshaw, S., additional, McArdle, O., additional, Salib, O., additional, Lavan, N., additional, and Gillham, C., additional

Published
2023
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14. Coherence properties of light propagated through a scattering medium

Author

Aruldoss, C. K., Dragomir, N., Nugent, K. A., and Roberts, A.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Partially-coherent, quasi-monochromatic optical fields are fully described by their Mutual Optical Intensity (MOI) or the phase-space equivalent, the Generalised Radiance (GR). This paper reports on the application of a propagation-based phase-space tomographic technique for determining both the MOI and the GR of wavefields. This method is applied to the reconstruction of the MOI and the GR of an optical wavefield propagated through a suspension of \~10micrometre diameter polystyrene spheres., Comment: Photonics 2004, 7th International conference on optoelectronics, fibre optics and photonics, Kochi, India

Published
2007

16. International Consensus Definition of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome

Author

Keane, Celia, Fearnhead, Nicola S., Bordeianou, Liliana G., Christensen, Peter, Basany, Eloy Espin, Laurberg, Søren, Mellgren, Anders, Messick, Craig, Orangio, Guy R., Verjee, Azmina, Wing, Kirsty, Bissett, Ian, An, V, Bryant, A, Byrne, C, Chen, T, Croft, S, Clark, D, Gladman, M, Heriot, A, Kariappa, S, Keck, J, Lubowski, D, Dinning, P, Khera, A, Kirkwood, K, Petersen, D, Sloots, K, Totten, B, Weston, M, Andersen, P, Bachmann, C, Barht, H, Emmertsen, K, Faaborg, P, Gögenur, I, Ingerslev, P, Isaksen, D, Iversen, H, Iversen, L, Jacobsen, K, Jansen, T, Jocobsen, I, Juul, T, Kjar, D, Krogh, K, Majgaard, M, Mynster, A, Neuenschwander, A, Nielsen, C, Nielsen, R, Nielsen, M, Nielsen, T, Olsen, J, Poulsen, B, Rahr, H, Snedker, B, Sørensen, G, Stolzenburg, T, Vaabengaard, P, Acheson, A, Andreyev, J, Bach, S, Battersby, N, Bradbury, J, Brown, S, Cecil, T, Chapman, S, Chapman, M, Chave, H, Cook, T, Cuffy, L, Davies, J, Dawson, C, Dixon, J, Duff, S, Edwards, C, Geh, I, Hamilton, C, Hancock, L, Harji, D, Hill, J, Holtham, S, Jenkins, J, Johnston, R, Kapur, S, Maxwell-Armstrong, C, McArthur, D, Moran, B, Norton, C, Nugent, K, Pateman, L, Perston, Y, Rockall, T, Sagar, P, Saunders, M, Sebag-Montefiore, D, Senapati, A, Singh, B, Skaife, P, Sykes, H, Smart, N, Taylor, C, Thorpe, G, Tierney, G, Voyce, S, Walsh, C, Warren, O, Wheeler, J, Woodward, A, Winter, D, Abbott, S, Beban, V, Bennett, M, Chadwick, T, Collinson, R, Corbett, S, Dennett, E, Eglinton, T, Fraser, A, Glue, J, Hohaia, D, Menzi, E, O’Connor, M, Stevenson, D, Wells, C, Wolyncewicz, S, Woodfield, J, Bence, K, Boutros, M, Brueseke, M, DeKorte, J, Floruta, C, Francone, T, Frederick, F, Grasso, J, Gurland, B, Higgins, K, Hull, T, Keller, D, Laffan, A, Lovett, S, Marlatt, J, McAdams, D, McCarthy, C, Milch, H, Natale, S, Pappou, E, Paquette, I, Pulskamp, S, Rich, M, Savitt, L, Shafi, M, Steele, S, Stein, S, Tolbert, M, Varma, M, Vogler, S, Vuong, T, Wells, K, Wexner, S, Wo, J, Wright, J, Wunderlich, C, Campbell, K, Lim, M, Moug, S, Oliphant, R, Labaka-Aretaga, I, Ballester, C, Belen-Bueno, A, Vaquer-Casas, G, Jerez, J, Castillo, J, Paniagua-Cayetano, G, Codina-Cazador, A, Blanco-Colino, R, de la Portilla, F, Pascual-Damieta, M, Enriquez-Navascuez, JM, Martin-Fernández, M, Araujo-Ferreiro, M, Sanchez-García, C, Vico-García, E, Gallego-García, M, Jimenez, LM, Martinez-Sanchez, C, Carrillo-Moreno, J, Muñoz, A, Ramirez, L, Vigorita, V, Adams, R, Cornish, J, Davies, M, Evans, M, Torkington, J, and Turner, J

Published
2020
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31. Observations of phase changes in monoolein during high viscous injection

Author

Wells, DJ, Berntsen, P, Balaur, E, Kewish, CM, Adams, P, Aquila, A, Binns, J, Boutet, S, Broomhall, H, Caleman, C, Christofferson, A, Conn, CE, Dahlqvist, C, Flueckiger, L, Roque, FG, Greaves, TL, Hejazian, M, Hunter, M, Jazi, MH, Jonsson, HO, Pathirannahalage, SK, Kirian, RA, Kozlov, A, Kurta, RP, Marman, H, Mendez, D, Morgan, A, Nugent, K, Oberthuer, D, Quiney, H, Reinhardt, J, Saha, S, Sellberg, JA, Sierra, R, Wiedorn, M, Abbey, B, Martin, A, Darmanin, C, Wells, DJ, Berntsen, P, Balaur, E, Kewish, CM, Adams, P, Aquila, A, Binns, J, Boutet, S, Broomhall, H, Caleman, C, Christofferson, A, Conn, CE, Dahlqvist, C, Flueckiger, L, Roque, FG, Greaves, TL, Hejazian, M, Hunter, M, Jazi, MH, Jonsson, HO, Pathirannahalage, SK, Kirian, RA, Kozlov, A, Kurta, RP, Marman, H, Mendez, D, Morgan, A, Nugent, K, Oberthuer, D, Quiney, H, Reinhardt, J, Saha, S, Sellberg, JA, Sierra, R, Wiedorn, M, Abbey, B, Martin, A, and Darmanin, C

Abstract

Serial crystallography of membrane proteins often employs high-viscosity injectors (HVIs) to deliver micrometre-sized crystals to the X-ray beam. Typically, the carrier medium is a lipidic cubic phase (LCP) media, which can also be used to nucleate and grow the crystals. However, despite the fact that the LCP is widely used with HVIs, the potential impact of the injection process on the LCP structure has not been reported and hence is not yet well understood. The self-assembled structure of the LCP can be affected by pressure, dehydration and temperature changes, all of which occur during continuous flow injection. These changes to the LCP structure may in turn impact the results of X-ray diffraction measurements from membrane protein crystals. To investigate the influence of HVIs on the structure of the LCP we conducted a study of the phase changes in monoolein/water and monoolein/buffer mixtures during continuous flow injection, at both atmospheric pressure and under vacuum. The reservoir pressure in the HVI was tracked to determine if there is any correlation with the phase behaviour of the LCP. The results indicated that, even though the reservoir pressure underwent (at times) significant variation, this did not appear to correlate with observed phase changes in the sample stream or correspond to shifts in the LCP lattice parameter. During vacuum injection, there was a three-way coexistence of the gyroid cubic phase, diamond cubic phase and lamellar phase. During injection at atmospheric pressure, the coexistence of a cubic phase and lamellar phase in the monoolein/water mixtures was also observed. The degree to which the lamellar phase is formed was found to be strongly dependent on the co-flowing gas conditions used to stabilize the LCP stream. A combination of laboratory-based optical polarization microscopy and simulation studies was used to investigate these observations.

Published
2022

43. Chronic constipation in adults: Contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges. 1: Epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology and investigation

Author

Scott, S M, Farmer, A D, Dinning, P G, Carrington, E V, Benninga, M A, Burgell, R E, Dimidi, E, Fikree, A, Ford, A C, Fox, M, Hoad, C L, Knowles, C H, Krogh, K, Nugent, K, Remes-Troche, J M, Whelan, K, and Corsetti, M

Subjects
chronic constipation, diagnosis, epidemiology, IBS-C, investigation, pathophysiology
Abstract

Chronic constipation is a prevalent disorder that affects patients’ quality of life and consumes resources in healthcare systems worldwide. In clinical practice, it is still considered a challenge as clinicians frequently are unsure as to which treatments to use and when. Over a decade ago, a Neurogastroenterology & Motility journal supplement devoted to the investigation and management of constipation was published (2009;21(Suppl.2)). This included seven articles, disseminating all themes covered during a preceding two-day meeting held in London, entitled ‘Current perspectives in chronic constipation: a scientific and clinical symposium’. In October 2018, the 3rd London Masterclass, entitled ‘Contemporary management of constipation’ was held, again over two days. All faculty members were invited to author two new review articles representing a collective synthesis of talks presented and discussions held during this meeting. PURPOSEThis article represents the first of these reviews, addressing epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology and investigation. Clearly not all aspects of the condition can be covered in adequate detail; hence, there is a focus on particular ‘hot topics’ and themes that are of contemporary interest. The second review addresses management of chronic constipation, covering behavioural, conservative, medical and surgical therapies.

Published
2021

49. X-Ray Optics Using Capillary Arrays

Author

Chapman, H. N., Nugent, K. A., Wilkins, S. W., Rodé, A. V., Stevenson, A. W., Davis, T. J., Luther-Davies, B., Lotsch, Helmut K. V., editor, Michette, Alan G., editor, Morrison, Graeme R., editor, and Buckley, Chistopher J., editor

Published
1992
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50. International consensus definition of low anterior resection syndrome

Author

Keane, C, Fearnhead, NS, Bordeianou, L, Christensen, P, Espin Basany, E, Laurberg, S, Mellgren, A, Messick, C, Orangio, GR, Verjee, A, Wing, K, Bissett, I, An, V, Bryant, A, Byrne, C, Chen, T, Clark, D, Croft, S, Dinning, P, Gladman, M, Heriot, A, Kariappa, S, Keck, J, Lubowski, D, Khera, A, Kirkwood, K, Petersen, D, Sloots, K, Totten, B, Weston, M, Andersen, P, Bachmann, C, Barht, H, Emmertsen, K, Faaborg, P, Gögenur, I, Ingerslev, P, Isaksen, D, Iversen, H, Iversen, L, Jacobsen, K, Jansen, T, Jocobsen, I, Juul, T, Kjær, D, Krogh, K, Majgaard, M, Mynster, A, Neuenschwander, A, Nielsen, C, Nielsen, M, Nielsen, R, Nielsen, T, Olsen, J, Poulsen, B, Rahr, H, Snedker, B, Sørensen, G, Stolzenburg, T, Vaabengaard, P, Acheson, A, Andreyev, J, Bach, S, Battersby, N, Bradbury, J, Brown, S, Cecil, T, Chapman, M, Chapman, S, Chave, H, Cook, T, Cuffy, L, Davies, J, Dawson, C, Dixon, J, Duff, S, Edwards, C, Geh, I, Hamilton, C, Hancock, L, Harji, D, Hill, J, Holtham, S, Jenkins, J, Johnston, R, Kapur, S, Maxwell‐Armstrong, C, McArthur, D, Moran, B, Norton, C, Nugent, K, Pateman, L, Perston, Y, Rockall, T, Sagar, P, Saunders, M, Sebag‐Montefiore, D, Senapati, A, Singh, B, Skaife, P, Smart, N, Sykes, H, Taylor, C, Thorpe, G, Tierney, G, Voyce, S, Walsh, C, Warren, O, Wheeler, J, Woodward, A, Winter, D, Abbott, S, Beban, V, Bennett, M, Chadwick, T, Collinson, R, Corbett, S, Dennett, E, Eglinton, T, Fraser, A, Glue, J, Hohaia, D, Menzi, E, O’Connor, M, Stevenson, D, Wells, C, Wolyncewicz, S, Woodfield, J, Bence, K, Boutros, M, Brueseke, M, DeKorte, J, Floruta, C, Francone, T, Frederick, F, Grasso, J, Gurland, B, Higgins, K, Hull, T, Keller, D, Laffan, A, Lovett, S, Marlatt, J, McAdams, D, McCarthy, C, Milch, H, Natale, S, Pappou, E, Paquette, I, Pulskamp, S, Rich, M, Savitt, L, Shafi, M, Steele, S, Stein, S, Tolbert, M, Varma, M, Vogler, S, Vuong, T, Wells, K, Wexner, S, Wo, J, Wright, J, Wunderlich, C, Campbell, K, Lim, M, Moug, S, Oliphant, R, Araujo‐Ferreiro, M, Ballester, C, Belen‐Bueno, A, Blanco‐Colino, R, Carrillo‐Moreno, J, Castillo, J, Codina‐Cazador, A, Enriquez‐Navascuez, JM, Gallego‐García, M, Jerez, J, Jimenez, LM, Labaka‐Aretaga, I, Martin‐Fernández, M, Martinez‐Sanchez, C, Muñoz, A, Paniagua‐Cayetano, G, Pascual‐Damieta, M, de la Portilla, F, Ramirez, L, Sanchez‐García, C, Vaquer‐Casas, G, Vico‐García, E, Vigorita, V, Adams, R, Cornish, J, Davies, M, Evans, M, Torkington, J, and Turner, J

Abstract

Aim: Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is pragmatically defined as disordered bowel function after rectal resection leading to a detriment in quality of life. This broad characterization does not allow for precise estimates of prevalence. The LARS score was designed as a simple tool for clinical evaluation of LARS. Although the LARS score has good clinical utility, it may not capture all important aspects that patients may experience. The aim of this collaboration was to develop an international consensus definition of LARS that encompasses all aspects of the condition and is informed by all stakeholders. Method: This international patient–provider initiative used an online Delphi survey, regional patient consultation meetings, and an international consensus meeting. Three expert groups participated: patients, surgeons and other health professionals from five regions (Australasia, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain and Ireland, and North America) and in three languages (English, Spanish, and Danish). The primary outcome measured was the priorities for the definition of LARS. Results: Three hundred twenty-five participants (156 patients) registered. The response rates for successive rounds of the Delphi survey were 86%, 96% and 99%. Eighteen priorities emerged from the Delphi survey. Patient consultation and consensus meetings refined these priorities to eight symptoms and eight consequences that capture essential aspects of the syndrome. Sampling bias may have been present, in particular, in the patient panel because social media was used extensively in recruitment. There was also dominance of the surgical panel at the final consensus meeting despite attempts to mitigate this. Conclusion: This is the first definition of LARS developed with direct input from a large international patient panel. The involvement of patients in all phases has ensured that the definition presented encompasses the vital aspects of the patient experience of LARS. The novel separation of symptoms and consequences may enable greater sensitivity to detect changes in LARS over time and with intervention.

Published
2020

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