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Pelecehan seksual merupakan penyalahgunaan hubungan perempuan dan laki-laki yang merugikan salah satu pihak. Berdasarkan laporan data kasus kekerasan di Provinsi Lampung tahun 2022 terdapat 41% kasus pelecehan seksual. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian pelecehan seksual salah satunya adalah pola asuh orangtua. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orangtua dengan kejadian pelecehan seksual di SMP X Kabupaten Pesisir Barat tahun 2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh remaja kelas VIII di SMP X Kabupaten Pesisir Barat dengan jumlah 150 orang. Teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu total sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan chi square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 38 (25,3%) responden yang pernah mengalami pelecehan seksual dan 112 (74,7%) responden tidak pernah mengalami pelecahan seksual. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan pola asuh otoriter ayah ibu (p=0,001; 0,008), demokratis ayah (p=0,024), lalai ayah ibu (p=0,039; 0,029), dan memanjakan ayah ibu (p=0,042; 0,045) dengan kejadian pelecehan seksual. Sedangkan pola asuh demokratis ibu (p=0,791) tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian pelecehan seksual. Diharapkan petugas kesehatan dapat edukasi mengenai batasan-batasan dalam seksualitas sehingga remaja mengerti batasan-batasan yang dapat dijaga dan dianggap privasi.

Parsea americana Mill. is a natural resource that has been studied for its antibacterial properties. The pulp, peel, and seed of Parsea americana Mill. have potential as an antibacterial agent. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity and phenolic content of Parsea americana Mill. peels extract and fraction against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Parsea americana Mill. was macerated with 96% ethanol and then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent. Determination of the fraction that has the greatest antibacterial activity against S. aureus was carried out using the Kirby Bauer method. The total phenolic content in the extract and fraction was calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) using the Folin-Ciocalteu method spectrometrically. Antibacterial activity test of the 96% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fractions, and methanol fractions at a concentration of 10% w/v showed activity with a measurable inhibition zone. On the other hand, the n-hexane fraction showed no inhibition zone. The highest inhibition zone was the ethyl acetate fraction with approximately 8.33 ± 0.58 mm. The ethyl acetate fraction of Parsea americana Mill. resulted in 536.26 ± 14.29 mg GAE/g fraction. The conclusion was that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic content and was the most active fraction in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and TLC-bioautography profile of the active fractions of Muntingia calabura L. leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. Muntingia calabura L. leaves were macerated with ethanol 96% then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent, respectively. The antibacterial activity was tested by the Kirby-Bauer method to determine the most active fraction and the lowest concentration that inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. TLC-bioautography was tested using chloroform: ethyl acetate (2:8) as the mobile phase and silica gel F254 as the stationary phase. Antibacterial activity test of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions at a concentration of 10% w/v showed activities with inhibition zone diameter of 0.330.288 and 9.665.77 mm, respectively. At the same time, the methanol fraction showed no activity. The lowest concentration of ethyl acetate fraction which still showed the inhibition zone was 0.312% w/v. The TLC-bioautography profile showed active spots with an Rf value of 0.82 and had an inhibitory zone diameter of 4.0130.864 mm. It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction that inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and had one active spot on the bioautography test.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the bacteria that triggers nosocomial diseases. Bacterial resistance requires continuous exploration of active antimicrobial substances from various sources, including medicinal plants. Leaves of cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) reportedly contain three classes of compounds, namely, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. This research was designed to identify active antimicrobial substances in cherry leaves that could inhibit the growth of MRSA. It employed the Kirby-Bauer test to examine the antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts of Muntingia calabura L. (EMC) against MRSA. Through GC-MS, active substances were detected from the presence of active spots on TLC plates, as determined by direct-contact bioautography. The TLC used silica gel F254 as the stationary phase and chloroform:ethyl acetate (9:1) as the mobile phase. The antimicrobial activity test results showed that the zone of inhibition of 10% w/v EMC was 10.91±0.75 mm in diameter. At 5% w/v and 2.5% w/v, EMC created zones of inhibition with diameters of 8.5±0.25 mm and 7.25±0.25 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, at 1.25% w/v, it showed no inhibitory activities. Based on the TLC-Bioautography profile, the active spot that produced zones of inhibition was located at Rf 0.04 mm. The GC-MS analysis of this spot detected the presence of two compounds: the first compound had a similarity index of 35% with 3,11,13-triacetycynaratriol, and the second one had a similarity index of 80% with hexaborane-12. Cynaratriol is known to posses antimicrobial activity, whereas hexaborane is the opposite. In conclusion, the minimum inhibitory concentration of EMC for MRSA is 2.5% w/v. Also, the active compounds of EMC bear 35% similarities to 3,11,13-triacetycynaratriol.

Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker yang paling mendominasi di Indonesia. Pengobatan tradisional menggunakan tapak liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) sebagai antikanker menjadi pilihan karena mengandung senyawa seperti seskuiterpen . Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak etanol tapak liman terhadap sel T47D melalui induksi apoptosis. Metode ekstraksi menggunakan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%, dilakukan pengujian Flavonoid total dengan menggunakan baku quersetin secara spektrofotometri. uji sitotoksik menggunakan microtetrazoliom (MTT test), dan uji apoptosis menggunakan double staining (ethidium bromide-acrydine orange) dibawah mikroskop fluorescence. Konsentrasi senyawa yang digunakan adalah 1000 µg/ml; 500 µg/ml; 250µg/ml; 125 µg/ml, 62,5 µg/ml; 31,25 µg/ml. Hasil pengujian uji MTT berupa nilai IC50 yang dianalisis menggunakan angka probit dan uji apoptosis dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persamaan regresi linear y = 0,0934x-0,0292 dengan kadar flavonoid yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,979% b/b dihitung terhadap quersetin (QE) dengan . dengan metode MTT mempunyai IC50 sebesar 59 µg/ml, sedangkan pengujian metode double staining ditandai warna hijau terang yang menunjukan mengalami apoptosis awal dan warna orange pada sel yang mengalami apoptosis akhir. Hasil Fragmentasi DNA menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Tapak Liman menginduksi fragmen DNA. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah ekstrak tapak liman memiliki potensi aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D melalui induksi apoptosis.

Perception is an individual response about something that can be influenced by knowledge. Good individual knowledge of alcohol will affect their perception of alcohol-containing product. The MUI fatwa permits the use of alcohol in cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to observe the perception of alcohol content in cosmetics. The observation was carried out using a questionnaire technique with a nonprobability sampling technique with accidental sampling. The questionnaire was conducted by Pearson correlation test, validity test, reliability test, normality test, chi-square test, and description. In this study, using 98 respondents and get an average value of knowledge about cosmetics 6,73 with SD value of 0,49; knowledge of alcohol 4,54 with SD 1,17 and behavior with SD 1,46. There is a relationship between age with the level of cosmetic knowledge with p-value

ABSTRACTBackground: Menstruation is a sign of puberty for female adolescents. The common menstrual disorder experienced by adolescent is called painful menstruation (primary dysmenorrhea). Primary dysmenorrhea triggers both physical and psychological symptoms. One of the psychological impacts is anxiety. Self-tapping is a non-pharmacological therapy which can reduce anxiety.Aim: To figure out the effect of self tapping toward anxiety level among nursing students experiencing menstrual cramps.Methods: This study was a quasy-experimental research with non equivalent pretest-posttest with control group. The total 60 respondents were divided into intervention and control group with 30 respondents each. Self tapping was practiced in intervention group, meanwhile deep breath was performed in control group. The instruments to measure anxiety were anxiety screening questionare and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Wilcoxon statistical test was applied to compare the level of anxiety before and after the treatment in both groups. Besides, Mann Whitney satistical test was used to compare the effectiveness of both treatments in reducing the anxiety level in each group.Results: The anxiety mean score of the intervention group decreased from 24,63 to 16,03 after self tapping (?=8,6; p=0,000), while the anxiety mean score of the control group decreased from 23,5 to 17,73 after the implementation of deep breath technique (?=5,77; p=0,000). There was a significant difference between self tapping and deep breath technique in reducing anxiety level (p-value=0.006). Conclusion: Self tapping indeed has impact towards anxiety level among nursing students experiencing menstrual cramps.

Lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) contains a lot of anthocyanin. Anthocyanin in Lakum fruit has a high stability if stored at low temperatures, acidic conditions, and without light. The acidic product such as yogurt can provide an optimum condition for anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to optimize yogurt formulation fortified by lakum fruit extract as an antioxidant according to the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Lakum fruit extract was formulated in yogurt with various concentrations at 0%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. Evaluations were carried out including tests of physical, chemical and microbiological properties and anthocyanin test and antioxidant of yogurt. The results showed that the yogurt formula fortified lakum fruit extract at 7.5% concentration resulted highest anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity that fulfilled SNI requirements and the preferred level of respondents' preference with anthocyanin levels of 53.35±1.04 mg/L, antioxidant activity 69.15±0.24%, t90 7.97 days, total of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 48.2x107 colony/gram, fat 3.72±0.03%, pH 3.87±0.03, total acid 0.83±0.06%, viscosity 639.07±2.06 cP, protein of 4.90±0.11%, hedonic test, 6.88 (like), and organoleptic purple (5), the distinctive aroma of lakum fruit (4.95), sour taste (4.85), fine texture (4.9) and slightly liquid viscosity (4.85).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which is becoming the first number of health problem in Indonesia, based on the results of the Basic Health Research of Ministry of Health in 2013. One of the diabetes complications affected by high levels of blood glucose is diabetic ulcers wich 85% the number of cases was overed by amputation as the result of improper handling. Herbal treatments could be an alternative treatment of diabetic ulcers, one of them is binahong plant. The results of previous studies have shown the ability of ethanolic extract of binahong leaf in accelerating wound healing in diabetic rats. This study would be a continued study to test five kinds of binahong leaf fractions (FDB) with gradual solvent polarity in accelerating wound healing in diabetic ulcer. Wound healing parameters observed were percentage of wound healing from the wound diameter contraction. The test begins with ethanolic extract of binahong leaf fractionation to produce fractions of hexane (FHDB), chloroform (FKDB), ethyl acetate (FEADB), and ethanol (FEDB). Water fraction (FADB) was obtained from ethanolic leaf extract residues of binahong leaf extraction. Each fraction activity was tested topically twice daily on dorsal of test animals that created wounds using a punch biopsy 5 mm diameters. Grouping of test animals were divided into 13 groups with normal control group (non diabetes), negative control (diabetes + topical application of biocream®), positive control (diabetes + topical application of madecassol), and 10 diabetes groups with topical application of 5 kinds of binahong leaf fractions with each fractions consist of a concentrations of 5% and 10% with biocream® as a vehicle. Diabetic parameters measured include blood glucose levels (KGD) and weight lost percentage (PB%) in day 1 and 10 during a 10-day treatment. The results showed the influence of KGD in the condition of diabetes on wound healing rats diabetic ulcers which topically treated with binahong leaf fractions. FADB 10% has significant differences potention in wound healing process in diabetic rats macroscopically that accelerates wound contraction compared with negative and positive control groups (p

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has been known as traditional medicinal plants. It needed to evaluate the safety of roselle extract on long-term oral administration. The research aimed to determine the savety of ethanolic extract of roselle calyx. Subchronic toxicity study of ethanolic extract of roselle calyx had been carried out on 60 Sprague Dawleys (SD) rats for 28 days. The roselle extract was administered orally every day, with doses of 50,100 and 200 mg/kgBW. There are 2 satellite groups, kept for another 14 days after the treatment in order to detect a delayed occurrence of toxic effect. Satellite group was given extract 200 mg/kgBW for 28 days and followed aquadest treatment for 14 days. At the end of experiment the blood was collected for meansuring SGPT, SGOT and ALP activity. The result showed that treatment of roselle calyx extract had no significant changes in SGPT SGOT, ALP activity. The delayed effect was not also observed. The ethanolic extract of roselle calyx didn’t show toxic effects on the liver on subchronic administration.

Annona muricata plant is a medicinal plant using by research and drug for human healthy including diabetes mellitus. This research aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract and chloroform extract of the sirsak leaf as antidiabetes mellitus. This research was conducted in 9 groups of male Wistar rats consisting of 5 rats per group, consisting of normal control, alloxan control, glibenclamide control dose of 10 mg/Kg BW, group of ethanol extract sirsak leaf dose of 50 mg/Kg BW; 100 mg/Kg BW; 200 mg/Kg BW, and group of chloroform extract sirsak leaf dose of 50 mg/kg BW; 100 mg/Kg BW; 250 mg/Kg BW. Tests carried out for 2 weeks. It also conducted assays of total flavonoids and histopathological tests of pancreatic β cells. Results of this research showed that the ethanol extract of sirsak leaves dose of 200 mg/Kg BW has activity in decreasing blood glucose levels better than any other group. Results of the ethanol extract and chloroform extract all doses except the ethanol extract treatment group dose of 200 mg/kg BW and 100 mg/kg BW after a 14-day look is still high triglyceride levels and decrease in total cholesterol (TC) were seen in all group Ethanol extract dose of 200 mg / kgBW has a good potential to reduce levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. The conclusion of this research is the ethanol extract of sirsak leaf have activity antidiabetic mellitusand decreased total cholesterol.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) was used as a traditional medicine because it has antioxidant activity. Traditional medicine used to treat a disease should consider the safety aspects through the toxicity tests. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepar histopathology in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Acute toxicity tests was done by orall administration of single dose ethanolic extract at dose 40, 200, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg BB. The test was observed during 14 days post treatment. The activity of AST, ALT and ALP were measured by specthrophotometer UV-Vis Diasys® method. The results showed that LD50 of ethanolic extract of calyx roselle was found at 850,90 mg/kg BW, the activity of AST, ALT, ALP did not different significantly in the treatment to be and control group (p

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Sediaan Nanopartikel Kitosan Ekstrak Etanol Rosela (SNKEER) terhadap profil lipid tikus galur Sprague Dawley yang diinduksi hiperkolesterol. Pembuatan SNKEER dilakukan berdasarkan hasil optimasi dengan perbandingan 2:1:1/10 (ekstrak etanol rosela (EER) : kitosan : TPP), selanjutnya dilakukan uji in vivo dengan menggunakan Tikus putih betina galur Sprague Dawley (SD) umur 6-8 minggu sejumlah 25 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok I (K1) adalah kelompok kontrol diberi pakan standar; kelompok II (K2) diinduksi hiperkolesterol; serta kelompok III (3), IV (4), dan V (5) diinduksi hiperkolesterol dan SNKEER masing-masing dengan dosis 25, 50, dan 100 mg/kgBB, selama 30 hari. Pada hari ke 31 semua hewan uji diambil darahnya melalui vena orbitalis mata untuk dilakukan pengukuran profil lipid (Kolesterol Total, kadar LDL, HDL, Trigliserida). Analisis yang dilakukan terhadap penelitian ini adalah One Way Analisis Of Variance (ANOVA) dengan uji lanjutan Tukey 5 %.Hasil penelitian rata-rata pengukuran profil lipid adalah sebagai berikut : pada pengukuran Kolesterol K1, K2, K3, K4,K5 berturut-turut yaitu 106,76; 233,45; 197,63; 158,61; 133,94 mg/dl, Trigliserida : 73,33; 125,51; 107,97; 90,43; 80,87 mg/dl, HDL: 44,41; 14,45; 18,19; 23,68; 30,90mg/dl , LDL: 51,58; 72,24; 63,16; 54,61; 51,84 mg/dl. Hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kelompok SNKEER dosis (25, 50, 100 mg/kgBB) dapat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perbaikan profil lipid terutama dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan kadar LDL serta dapat meningkatkan kadar HDL secara signifikan bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok hiperkolesterol (K2). Adapun kelompok perlakuan yang memberikan hasil perbaikan profil lipid terbaik adalah kelompok SNKEER dosis 100 mg/kgBB bila dibandingkan dengan semua kelompok perlakuan (P

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek sediaan nanopartikel kitosan ekstrak etanol rosela (SNKEER) terhadap aktivitas enzim SOD pada tikus hiperkolesterol. Pembuatan SNKEER dilakukan berdasarkan hasil optimasi terbaik dengan perbandingan 2:1:1/10 (ekstrak etanol rosela : kitosan : TPP), selanjutnya dilakukan uji in vivo dengan menyiapkan tikus putih betina galur Sprague Dawley (SD) umur 6-8 minggu dengan berat badan 150-250 g sejumlah 25 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok I adalah kelompok kontrol diberi pakan standar; kelompok II diinduksi hiperkolesterol ; kelompok III, IV, dan V diinduksi hiperkolesterol dan SNKEER masing-masing dengan dosis 25mg/ Kg BB/ hari, 50 mg/ Kg BB/ hari, dan 100 mg/ Kg BB/ hari selama 30 hari. Pada hari ke 31 semua tikus di ambil darahnya melalui vena orbitalis mata untuk dilakukan pengukuran aktivitas SOD dengan metode Ransod Standard. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji tukey 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pengukuran aktivitas SOD pada kelompok I, kelompok II, kelompok III, kelompok IV, dan kelompok V berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut : 50,96 U/ml, 6,13 U/ml, 16,09 U/ml, 21,07 U/ml, 23,75 U/ml. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kelompok pemberian terapi SNKEER dengan variasi dosis (25,50,100) mg/kg BB/hari dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan aktivitas SOD bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok hiperkolesterol (P

Eurycoma longifolia has been used as a remedy for detoxification, aphrodisiaca, anticancer and immunistimulant. The quassinoids of pasak bumi root extract, have antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory activity by increasing IL-12. This study aims to determine the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of pasak bumi root on macrophages phagocytic activity in vitro. Macrophages were isolated from peritoneal fluid of male Balb/Cmice, and thenwere cultured for 24 hours in 24 well plate. The ethyl actetate fraction ethanolic extract of pasak bumi root with concentration of 10, 50, and 100 µg/ml, lipopolysaccharides and dimethyl sulfoxide were added, and incubated for 1.5 hours. The phagocytosis tests was carried out by adding latex with density 5x104 /well and incubated for 1.5 hours at incubator (5% CO2,37o C). Macrophage were then stained by Giemsa. The results showed that the percentage of active phagocytic cells treated with ethyl actetate fraction of ethanolic extract of pasak bumi root of 10, 50 and 100 µg/ml, lipopolysaccharides, and dimethyl sulfoxide were 95.4%, 90%, 85.4%, 83.4%, and 79% respectively. Phagocytic capacity at treatment levels of 10, 50, and 100 µg/ml, lipopolysaccharides,and dimethyl sulfoxide were 469; 439.8; 360.8; 204.6; and 147.6 respectively. The result showed thatreatment of ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of pasak bumi root can increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages in vitro.

Elephantopus scaber Linn. has been reported to have cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells and the potential to be developed as anticancer agent. This study aims was to determine the cytotoxic activity and apoptosis induction effect of petroleum ether fractions of ethanolic extract of (Elephantopus scaber Linn) leaves against cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Petroleum ether fraction was obtained by dissolving eyhanolic extract in petroleum ether, and the soluble fraction was as petroleum ether fraction. The method used for cytotoxic activity test was MTT test. The concentration series used were 2000; 1500; 1000; 800; 400; 200; 100; 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25 and 3.125 mg/ml. The IC50 used as cytotoxic parameters. The apoptotic observations was conducted using acridine orange and ethidium bromide. The study showed the IC50 of petroleum ether fraction of (Elephantopus scaber Linn) ethanolic extract was 185 ug/ml. The study also showed the potency to stimulate apoptosis in HeLa cells.