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1. Polyphenol-rich leaf of Aphanamixis polystachya averts liver inflammation, fibrogenesis and oxidative stress in ovariectomized Long-Evans rats

Author

Md. Mizanur Rahman, Nusaira Beenta Shahab, Pintu Miah, Md Mahamudur Rahaman, Arafat Ulla Kabir, Nusrat Subhan, Ahad Ali Khan, Mirola Afroze, Mala Khan, K. Shahin Ahmed, Hemayet Hossain, Md. Areeful Haque, and Md Ashraful Alam

Subjects
Aphanamixis polystachya, Polyphenolics, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Fibrosis, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.Parker, locally known as Pithraj, is a medicinal herb having enormous traditional applications. However, the scientific rationale underlying the ethnomedicinal claims was not well-founded. The current investigation aimed to explore the mechanistic insights of protective effects of ethanol extract of A. polystachya leaf (PT), given orally, on the chemical-intoxicated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in Long-Evans female overiectomized rats. The GC-MS and HPLC-DAD analysis of PT revealed the presence of several bioactive metabolites, including polyphenolic compounds. Catechin hydrate, caffeic acid, syringic acid, epicatechin and p-coumaric acid have been identified and quantified in the ethanol extract of PT leaf. Intoxication with CCl4 developed the oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation in liver of rats. Moreover, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) level were found increased; whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in the plasma and liver were decreased in CCl4 administered rats. Treatment with PT prominently mitigated the oxidative stress (TBARS, NO, APOP), and inflammatory (MPO) markers and improved the endogenous antioxidant enzymes (catalase and SOD) activities in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Additionally, histological assessment confirmed the clear manifestation of inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of CCl4-intoxicated rats, which was prevented by PT and silymarin treatment. In conclusion, PT treatment may protect the liver in CCl4-administered rats, probably by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, and also augmenting the function of the antioxidant enzymes.

Published
2021
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2. Polyphenol-rich leaf of Aphanamixis polystachya averts liver inflammation, fibrogenesis and oxidative stress in ovariectomized Long-Evans rats

Author

Arafat Ulla Kabir, Nusaira Beenta Shahab, Mahamudur Rahaman, Ahad Ali Khan, K. Shahin Ahmed, Mala Khan, Hemayet Hossain, Pintu Miah, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Ashraful Alam, Mirola Afroze, Md. Areeful Haque, and Nusrat Subhan

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Liver Cirrhosis, Antioxidant, Aphanamixis polystachya, Thiobarbituric acid, medicine.medical_treatment, Ovariectomy, RM1-950, Pharmacology, medicine.disease_cause, Protein oxidation, Antioxidants, Superoxide dismutase, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, TBARS, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, Inflammation, Plants, Medicinal, biology, Plant Extracts, Polyphenols, General Medicine, Polyphenolics, biology.organism_classification, Fibrosis, Rats, Plant Leaves, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Catalase, Oxidative stress, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Female, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
Abstract

Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.Parker, locally known as Pithraj, is a medicinal herb having enormous traditional applications. However, the scientific rationale underlying the ethnomedicinal claims was not well-founded. The current investigation aimed to explore the mechanistic insights of protective effects of ethanol extract of A. polystachya leaf (PT), given orally, on the chemical-intoxicated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in Long-Evans female overiectomized rats. The GC-MS and HPLC-DAD analysis of PT revealed the presence of several bioactive metabolites, including polyphenolic compounds. Catechin hydrate, caffeic acid, syringic acid, epicatechin and p-coumaric acid have been identified and quantified in the ethanol extract of PT leaf. Intoxication with CCl4 developed the oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation in liver of rats. Moreover, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) level were found increased; whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in the plasma and liver were decreased in CCl4 administered rats. Treatment with PT prominently mitigated the oxidative stress (TBARS, NO, APOP), and inflammatory (MPO) markers and improved the endogenous antioxidant enzymes (catalase and SOD) activities in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Additionally, histological assessment confirmed the clear manifestation of inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of CCl4-intoxicated rats, which was prevented by PT and silymarin treatment. In conclusion, PT treatment may protect the liver in CCl4-administered rats, probably by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, and also augmenting the function of the antioxidant enzymes.

Published
2021

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