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1. Genome Sequence of the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica EP155: A Fundamental Resource for an Archetypical Invasive Plant Pathogen.

Author

Crouch, Jo Anne, Dawe, Angus, Aerts, Andrea, Barry, Kerrie, Churchill, Alice CL, Grimwood, Jane, Hillman, Bradley I, Milgroom, Michael G, Pangilinan, Jasmyn, Smith, Myron, Salamov, Asaf, Schmutz, Jeremy, Yadav, Jagjit S, Grigoriev, Igor V, and Nuss, Donald L

Subjects
Ascomycota, Fagaceae, Plant Diseases, North America, Fungal Viruses, chestnut blight, forest pathology, mycology, mycoviruses, transposable elements, vegetative incompatibility, Plant Biology & Botany, Microbiology, Plant Biology, Crop and Pasture Production
Abstract

Cryphonectria parasitica is the causal agent of chestnut blight, a fungal disease that almost entirely eliminated mature American chestnut from North America over a 50-year period. Here, we formally report the genome of C. parasitica EP155 using a Sanger shotgun sequencing approach. After finishing and integration with simple-sequence repeat markers, the assembly was 43.8 Mb in 26 scaffolds (L50 = 5; N50 = 4.0Mb). Eight chromosomes are predicted: five scaffolds have two telomeres and six scaffolds have one telomere sequence. In total, 11,609 gene models were predicted, of which 85% show similarities to other proteins. This genome resource has already increased the utility of a fundamental plant pathogen experimental system through new understanding of the fungal vegetative incompatibility system, with significant implications for enhancing mycovirus-based biological control.

Published
2020

31. Microarray analysis of Cryphonectria parasitica G[alpha]- and G[beta][gamma]-signalling pathways reveals extensive modulation by hypovirus infection

Author

Dawe, Angus L., Segers, Gert C., Allen, Todd D., McMains, Vanessa C., and Nuss, Donald L.

Subjects
G proteins -- Research, Fungi, Phytopathogenic -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Using an established spotted cDNA microarray platform, the nature of changes in the transcriptional profiles of 2200 unique genes from the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica in response to the absence of either the G[alpha] subunit CPG-1 or the G[beta] subunit CPGB-1 has been explored. It is reported that 216 transcripts were altered in accumulation in the [DELTA]cpg-1 strain and 163 in the [DELTA]cpgb- 1 strain, with a considerable overlap (100 genes) that were changed in both cases. Of note, these commonly altered transcripts were changed in the same direction in every instance, thus suggesting a considerable redundancy in pathway control or extensive crosstalk. To further knowledge of the potential impact on G-protein-signalling of infection by hypovirus CHV1-EP713, the accumulation of CPG-1 and CPGB-1 was also investigated by Western analysis. It was demonstrated that both signalling components were reduced in abundance to approximately 25% of wild-type levels, while their transcripts were slightly elevated. Comparison of a list of genes with altered expression in the presence of CHV1-EP713 to the data obtained in the absence of either G-protein subunit showed that more than one-half of all the transcripts changed by hypovirus infection were also changed in at least one G-protein mutant strain, with one-third being changed in both. Significantly, 95% of the co-changed genes were altered in the same direction. These data provide the first evidence for modulation of G[beta] protein levels as well as the G[beta][gamma]-signalling pathways by hypovirus infection, and support the hypothesis that modification of G-protein-signalling via both G[alpha] and G[beta][gamma] provides for a significant contribution to hypovirus-mediated phenotype.

Published
2004

33. An ordered collection of expressed sequences from Cryphonectria parasitica and evidence of genomic microsynteny with Neurospora crassa and Magnaporthe grisea

Author

Dawe, Angus L., McMains, Vanessa C., Panglao, Maria, Kasahara, Shin, Chen, Baoshan, and Nuss, Donald L.

Subjects
Virulence (Microbiology) -- Research, Research, Gene expression -- Physiological aspects, Bacterial proteins -- Physiological aspects, Bacterial proteins -- Genetic aspects, Plasmids -- Genetic aspects, RNA -- Genetic aspects, Fungi -- Genetic aspects, Fungi -- Physiological aspects, Cloning -- Genetic aspects, DNA -- Genetic aspects, Microbiology -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Cryphonectria parasitica, the causative agent of chestnut blight, has proven to be a tractable experimental system for studying fungal pathogenesis. Moreover, the development of infectious cDNA clones of C. parasitica hypoviruses, capable of attenuating fungal virulence, has provided the opportunity to examine molecular aspects of fungal plant pathogenesis in the context of biological control. In order to establish a genomic base for future studies of C. parasitica, the authors have analysed a collection of expressed sequences. A mixed cDNA library was prepared from RNA isolated from wild-type (virus-free) and hypovirus-infected C. parasitica strains. Plasmid DNA was recovered from individual transformants and sequenced from the 5' end of the insert. Contig analysis of the collected sequences revealed that they represented approximately 2200 individual ORFs. An assessment of functional diversity present in this collection was achieved by using the BLAST software utilities and the NCBI protein database. Candidate genes were identified with significant potential relevance to C. parasitica growth, development, pathogenesis and vegetative incompatibility. Additional investigations of a 12.9 kbp genomic region revealed microsynteny between C. parasitica and both Neurospora crassa and Magnaporthe grisea, two closely related fungi. These data represent the largest collection of sequence information currently available for C. parasitica and are now forming the basis of further studies using microarray analyses to determine global changes in transcription that occur in response to hypovirus infection.

Published
2003

34. Hypoviruses and chestnut blight: Exploiting viruses to understand and modulate fungal pathogenesis

Author

Dawe, Angus L. and Nuss, Donald L.

Subjects
Fungal diseases of plants -- Research, Fungi, Pathogenic -- Analysis -- Research, Chestnut -- Diseases and pests -- Analysis -- Research, Virus research -- Analysis -- Research, Biological sciences, Analysis, Diseases and pests, Research
Abstract

Key Words biological control, hypovirulence, mycovirus, signal transduction, viral determinants * Abstract Fungal viruses are considered unconventional because they lack an extracellular route of infection and persistently infect their hosts, [...]

Published
2001

35. Contributors

Author

Adachi, Hideki, primary, Adachi, Osao, additional, Adam, Zach, additional, Adams, Michael W.W., additional, Adang, Michael J., additional, Adham, Ibrahim M., additional, Aducci, Patrizia, additional, Agard, David A., additional, Agranovsky, Alexey A., additional, Ahn, Kyunghye, additional, Akiyama, Yoshinori, additional, Alejo, Alí, additional, Amberg, Sean M., additional, Amerik, Alexander Y., additional, Andrés, Germán, additional, Andrews, Robert K., additional, Antalis, Toni M., additional, Apte, Suneel S., additional, Arima, Kazunari, additional, Arlaud, Gérard J., additional, Aronson, Nathan N., additional, Asano, Yasuhisa, additional, Ascenzi, Paolo, additional, Assakura, Marina T., additional, Auld, David S., additional, Avilés, Francesc X., additional, Awad, William M., additional, Babé, Lilia M., additional, Badorff, Cornel, additional, Bai, Shan, additional, Baird, Teaster T., additional, Paul Bajaj, S., additional, Baker, Rohan T., additional, Baker, Susan C., additional, Ballinger, Marcus D., additional, Banbula, Agnieszka, additional, Bannikov, Gregory A., additional, Barrett, Alan J., additional, Bartlett, John D., additional, Baskova, Isolda P., additional, Bauer, Karl, additional, Baumann, Ulrich, additional, Baumeister, Wolfgang, additional, Beauvais, Anne, additional, Belas, Robert, additional, Beppu, Teruhiko, additional, Bergmann, Ernst M., additional, Bergo, Martin O., additional, Berndt, Michael C., additional, Berry, Colin, additional, Bertenshaw, Greg P., additional, Betzel, Ch., additional, Bierbaum, Gabriele, additional, Bieth, Joseph G., additional, Bjarnason, Jón B., additional, Blaber, M., additional, Blaber, S.I., additional, Black, Roy A., additional, Blackman, M.J., additional, Blinkovsky, Alexander, additional, Blobel, Carl P., additional, Boatright, Kelly M., additional, Böck, August, additional, Boeke, Jef D., additional, Boileau, Guy, additional, Bolken, Tové C., additional, Bond, Judith S., additional, Bordallo, Javier, additional, Bordusa, Frank, additional, Boucaut, Kerry J., additional, Bouvier, Jacques, additional, Bowman, Barry J., additional, Bradshaw, Ralph A., additional, Braun, Hans-Peter, additional, Breddam, Klaus, additional, Brindley, Paul J., additional, Broadhurst, Anne, additional, Brocklehurst, Keith, additional, Broder, Dan H., additional, Brömme, Dieter, additional, Bron, Sierd, additional, Broom, Murray, additional, Brown, Kenneth D., additional, Brown, Mark A., additional, Bunn, Rhonda, additional, Burleigh, Barbara A., additional, Butler, Michael J., additional, Buttle, David J., additional, Byrd, Chelsea M., additional, Byun, Tony, additional, Cadel, Sandrine, additional, Caffrey, Conor R., additional, Caldentey, Javier, additional, Caprioglio, Daniel R., additional, Carbonell, Juan, additional, Carpentier, Mélanie, additional, Carter, Ruth E., additional, Casey, Patrick J., additional, Castellino, Francis J., additional, Catanese, Joseph J., additional, Caterson, Bruce, additional, Caughey, George H., additional, Cawley, Niamh X., additional, Cawston, Tim E., additional, Jose Cazzulo, Juan, additional, Cercós, Manuel, additional, Chakraborty, Trinad, additional, Chambers, Henry F., additional, Chang, L.S., additional, Chan, Michael K., additional, Chan, Sunney I., additional, Chao, Julie, additional, Chapot-Chartier, Marie-Pierre, additional, Chave, Karen J., additional, Chen, Jian-Min, additional, Chen, Jinq-May, additional, Chesneau, Valérie, additional, Chevrier, Bernard, additional, Chich, Jean-François, additional, Yong Choi, Kwan, additional, Chrétien, Michel, additional, Ha Chung, Chin, additional, Chung, Dominic W., additional, Clamagirand, Christine, additional, Clark, Ian M., additional, Clarke, Adrian K., additional, Clarke, Steven, additional, Cleary, Paul P., additional, Clements, Judith A., additional, Cleuziat, Philippe, additional, Cohen, Paul, additional, Colige, Alain, additional, Collen, D., additional, Collier, Ivan E., additional, Colloms, Sean D., additional, Colman, Robert W., additional, Conner, Gregory E., additional, Conzelmann, Andreas, additional, Coolbear, Tim, additional, Coombs, Graham H., additional, Cooper, Jonathan B., additional, Cooper, Max D., additional, Copeland, Nikki A., additional, Corvol, Pierre, additional, Cottrell, Graeme S., additional, Coyle, Joseph T., additional, Craik, Charles S., additional, Creemers, John W.M., additional, Croce, Jenifer, additional, Cueva, Rosario, additional, Cutting, Simon, additional, d′Enfert, Christophe, additional, D′Orchymont, Hugues, additional, Daenke, S., additional, Dahlbäck, Björn, additional, Dalbey, Ross E., additional, Dalton, John P., additional, Dando (Deceased), Pamela M., additional, Daniel, R.M., additional, Darke, Paul L., additional, Lagerblad de Oliveira, Pedro, additional, de Vos, Sarah, additional, Deghmane, Ala-Eddine, additional, Dekker, Niek, additional, DeLotto, Robert, additional, DeMartino, George N., additional, den Boon, Johan A., additional, Denison, Mark R., additional, DesGroseillers, Luc, additional, Deussing, Jan, additional, Devi, Lakshmi A., additional, Diamandis, Eleftherios P., additional, Dickson, Robert B., additional, Dingwall, Colin, additional, Dixon, Jack E., additional, Dodt, Johannes, additional, Dolenc, Iztoc, additional, Cat Dong, Tran, additional, Dong, Ying, additional, Dubois, Jean-Yves F., additional, Dudley, Edward G., additional, Dunn, Ben M., additional, Dupuy, Bruno, additional, Conceicão Duque-Magalhães, Maria, additional, Eeckhout, Yves, additional, Egelrud, Torbjörn, additional, Eijsink, Vincent, additional, Ellis, Vincent, additional, Engel, Wolfgang, additional, Erdös, Ervin G., additional, Etscheid, Michael, additional, Evans (Deceased), Herbert J., additional, Everett, Roger D., additional, Eyries, Mélanie, additional, Fahrenholz, Falk, additional, Fenster, Kurt M., additional, Férec, Claude, additional, Henrique Ferreira Sorgine, Marcos, additional, Fink, Doran, additional, Fives-Taylor, Paula M., additional, Foltmann, Bent, additional, Foster, Simon J., additional, Foulon, Thierry, additional, Foundling, Stephen I., additional, Fox, Jay W., additional, Freeze, Hudson H., additional, Frère, Jean-Marie, additional, Frey, Teryl K., additional, Flicker, Lloyd D., additional, Fritsche, Erich, additional, Froelich, Christopher J., additional, Fuhrmann, Cynthia N., additional, Fujimura, Satoshi, additional, Fukushima, J., additional, Fuller, Robert S., additional, Gaboriaud, Christine, additional, Gache, Christian, additional, Galivan, John, additional, Gary, Jonathan D., additional, Gaucher, G.M., additional, Ghuysen, Jean-Marie, additional, Gil, María J., additional, Giller, Thomas, additional, Goffin, Colette, additional, Gohda, Eiichi, additional, Goldberg, Alfred L., additional, Goldberg, Daniel E., additional, Goldberg, Gregory I., additional, Gorbalenya, Alexander E., additional, Gordon, Stuart G., additional, Götz, Friedrich, additional, Gráf, László, additional, Granados, Robert R., additional, Granell, Antonio, additional, Graycar, Thomas P., additional, Green, Jonathan, additional, Greenspan, Daniel S., additional, Grubman, Marvin J., additional, Grunden, Amy M., additional, Guillemain, Bernard, additional, Guinand, Micheline, additional, Gutiérrez, José Maria, additional, Haeggström, Jesper Z., additional, Hageman, James H., additional, Hagmann, Marie-Luise, additional, Halfon, Sherin, additional, Hamilton, Andrew J., additional, Seon Han, Ji, additional, Hara-Nishimura, Ikuko, additional, Harada, Minoru, additional, Hartzell, William O., additional, Hay, Rod J., additional, Hayashi, Kiyoshi, additional, Hendriks, Dirk F., additional, Henrich, Bernhard, additional, Henriet, Patrick, additional, Hernández-Arana, Andrés, additional, Herrera-Camacho, Irma, additional, Heusipp, Gerhard, additional, Hicks, P.M., additional, Hillman, Bradley I., additional, Yukihiro Hiraoka, B., additional, Hiratake, Jun, additional, Ho, Heng-Chien, additional, Thi Hoa, Ngo, additional, Hochstrasser, Mark, additional, Hofmann, Theo, additional, Hohn, Thomas, additional, Hoidal, John R., additional, Holbrook, Joanna D., additional, Höltje, Joachim-Volker, additional, Homma, Koichi J., additional, Hook, Vivian Y.H., additional, Hooper, John D., additional, Hooper, Nigel M., additional, Hosoi, Kazuo, additional, Hospital, Véronique, additional, Howe, Christopher J., additional, Hruby, Dennis E., additional, Huang, H.-C., additional, Huber, Robert, additional, Hughes, Clare E., additional, Ibrahim-Granet, Oumaïma, additional, Ichishima, Eiji, additional, Ikehara, Yukio, additional, Imamura, Takahisa, additional, Inagaki, Noritoshi, additional, Inagami, Tadashi, additional, Isaac, R.E., additional, Isaya, Grazia, additional, Ishihara, Kohji, additional, Ishii, Shin-ichi, additional, Itoh, Yoshifumi, additional, Ito, Kiyoshi, additional, Ito, Koreaki, additional, Iwanaga, Sadaaki, additional, Jack, Ralph W., additional, Jackson, Mel C., additional, James, Michael N.G., additional, Jeffrey (Deceased), John, additional, Jiang, Ping, additional, Johnson, Gary D., additional, Johnson, John E., additional, Johnson, Michael, additional, Albert Johnston, Stephen, additional, Jones, Elizabeth W., additional, Jongbloed, Jan D.H., additional, Joshua-Tor, Leemor, additional, Joudiou, Carine, additional, Juliano, Luiz, additional, Jupp, Ray, additional, Kaminogawa, Shuichi, additional, Kamio, Yoshiyuki, additional, Kan, Chen-Chen, additional, Kaneda, Makoto, additional, Gyun Kang, Sung, additional, Kania, Mary, additional, Kanjanahaluethai, Amornrat, additional, Kawabata, Shun-ichiro, additional, Kay, John, additional, Keiler, Kenneth C., additional, Kelly, R.M., additional, Kerr, Michael A, additional, Kervinen, Jukka, additional, Kessler, Efrat, additional, Kidd, Simon, additional, Kilian, Mogens, additional, Kim, Do-Hyung, additional, Seop Kim, In, additional, Kimura, Yukio, additional, Kirisako, Takayoshi, additional, Kirschke, Heidrun, additional, Kishi, Tadaaki, additional, Kitamura, Naomi, additional, Kitazono, Ana A., additional, Kleanthous, Colin, additional, Klein, Jürgen R., additional, Kobayashi, Hideyuki, additional, Koelsch, Gerald, additional, Kok, Jan, additional, Kolattukudy, P.E., additional, Kolmar, Harald, additional, Komori, Yumiko, additional, Konvalinka, Jan, additional, Korhonen, Timo K., additional, Kortt, Alexander A., additional, Kräusslich, Hans-Georg, additional, Kress, Lawrence F., additional, Kubo, Takeaki, additional, Kukkonen, Maini, additional, Kumagai, Hidehiko, additional, Kumazaki, Takashi, additional, Kümmerer, Beate M., additional, Kuno, Kouji, additional, Kurachi, Kotoku, additional, Kurkinen, Markku, additional, Lähteenmäki, Kaarina, additional, Laing, Gavin D., additional, Lambkin, Imelda J., additional, Lamppa, Gayle K., additional, Lång, Hannu, additional, Langer, Thomas, additional, Laursen, Richard A., additional, Le Bonniec, Bernard F., additional, Luel Lee, Bok, additional, Joon Lee, Kye, additional, Young Lee, So, additional, Lee, Soohee, additional, Leis, Jonathan, additional, LeMosy, Ellen K., additional, Lepage, Thierry, additional, Leppla, Stephen H., additional, Lessard, Ivan A.D., additional, Lhomond, Guy, additional, Liao, Ta-Hsiu, additional, Lieber, Toby, additional, Lijnen, H.R., additional, Lima, Christopher D., additional, Lin, Chen-Yong, additional, Lin, Xinli, additional, Lindsay, L.L., additional, Lipscomb, William N., additional, Little, Christopher B., additional, Little, John W., additional, Lively, Mark O., additional, Lobel, Peter, additional, Peng Loh, Y., additional, Lohi, Jouko, additional, Lomonossoff, G.P., additional, Looze, Yvan, additional, López-García, Alma, additional, López-Otín, Carlos, additional, Luo, Liu-Ying, additional, Lupas, Andrei, additional, MacKay, Vivian L., additional, Mains, Richard E., additional, Mäkinen, Kauko K., additional, Mäkinen, Pirkko-Liisa, additional, Mandelbaum, Fajga R., additional, Manning, James M., additional, Marcotrigiano, Joseph, additional, Markland, Francis S., additional, Maruyama, M., additional, Maruyama, Sususmu, additional, Masaki, Takeharu, additional, Mathew, Zacharia, additional, Matrisian, Lynn M., additional, Matsuda, Yoshihiro, additional, Matsuka, Yury V., additional, Matsushita, Osamu, additional, Matsuzawa, Hiroshi, additional, Maurizi, Michael R., additional, Mbikay, Majambu, additional, Ken McDonald, J., additional, McKerrow, James H., additional, McMillan, David, additional, Mecham, Robert P., additional, Mehta, Darshini P., additional, Meighan, Paul, additional, Mellors, Alan, additional, Melton, Roger G., additional, Ménard, Armelle, additional, Ménard, Robert, additional, Menéndez-Arias, Luis, additional, Meyer, Diane H., additional, Meyers, Gregor, additional, Michaelis, Susan, additional, Mielicki, Wojciech P., additional, Mierau, Igor, additional, Millán-Pérez-Peña, Lourdes, additional, Miller, Charles G., additional, Mills, John, additional, Mills, Kenneth V., additional, Mistou, Michel-Yves, additional, Misumi, Yoshio, additional, Miyoshi, Shin-ichi, additional, Mizutani, Shigehiko, additional, Mock, William L., additional, Möhrlen, Frank, additional, Moiré, Nathalie, additional, Monnet, Véronique, additional, Monod, Michel, additional, Montecucco, Cesare, additional, Morita, Takashi, additional, Morrissey, James H., additional, Mort, John S., additional, Mortensen, Uffe H., additional, Morty, Rory E., additional, Motoshima, Hidemasa, additional, Mottram, Jeremy C., additional, Mundt, Egbert, additional, Murakami, Kazuo, additional, Murakami-Murofushi, Kimiko, additional, Murao, Sawao, additional, Murata, Christina, additional, Murphy, Gillian, additional, Muta, Tatsushi, additional, Mzhavia, Nino, additional, Nagase, Hideaki, additional, Naik, Rajesh R., additional, Nakajima, Nobuyoshi, additional, Nakamura, Hiroyuki, additional, Nakamura, Yukio, additional, Nasmyth, Kim, additional, Navarro-García, Fernando, additional, Netzel-Arnett, Sarah, additional, Nguyen-Distéche, Martine, additional, Nicholson, Donald, additional, Nikai, Toshiaki, additional, Nirasawa, Satoru, additional, Nishii, Wataru, additional, Nishiyama, Makoto, additional, Niven, Gordon W., additional, Nomura, Seiji, additional, Norioka, Shigemi, additional, North, Michael J., additional, Nuss, Donald L., additional, O′Connor, Michael B., additional, Oberst, Michael, additional, Oda, Kohei, additional, Odorico, Dimitri M., additional, Oetjen, Joyce, additional, Ogura, Teru, additional, Ohkubo, Iwao, additional, Ohlendorf, Douglas H., additional, Ohman, Dennis E., additional, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, additional, Okabe, Akinobu, additional, Okuda, K., additional, Olesen, Kjeld, additional, Oroszlan, Stephen, additional, Orth, Kim, additional, Ota, Nobuyuki, additional, Ovadia, Michael, additional, Overgaard, Michael T., additional, O-Wang, Jiyang, additional, Oxvig, Claus, additional, Packer, Jeremy C.L., additional, Paetzel, Mark, additional, Paine, Mark J.I., additional, Park, John E., additional, Woo Park, Pyong, additional, Soo Park, Sung, additional, Parkin, Kirk L., additional, Parks, William C., additional, Pascall, John C., additional, Paschos, Athanasios, additional, Paul, Sudhir, additional, Pearce, David A., additional, Pei, Duanqing, additional, Pemberton, Alan D., additional, Peters, Jan-Michael, additional, Phylip, Lowri H., additional, Pichová, Iva, additional, Pieper, Michael, additional, Piesse, Christophe, additional, Pike, Rob, additional, Pinck, Lothaire, additional, Pirzad, Ramin, additional, Pitot, Henry C., additional, Plaut, Andrew G., additional, Polgár, László, additional, Postina, Rolf, additional, Potempa, Jan, additional, Poulsen, Knud, additional, Pritchard, David G., additional, Pshezhetsky, Alexey V., additional, Abul Qasim, M., additional, Rader, Stephen D., additional, Rando, Robert R., additional, Rao, Mala, additional, Rao, Narayanam V., additional, Ratnoff, Oscar D., additional, Rawlings, Neil D., additional, Rawson, Robert B., additional, Reddy, Vijay, additional, Redman, Colvin M., additional, Reichl (Deceased), Antonia P., additional, Reid, Julian R., additional, Reid, Kenneth B.M., additional, Remaut, Han, additional, James Remington, S., additional, Rettig, Wolfgang J., additional, Rholam, Mohamed, additional, Rice, Charles M., additional, Richter, Stefan, additional, Riezman, Howard, additional, Ritchie, Alison, additional, Ro, Hyo-Sung, additional, Robert-Baudouy, Janine, additional, Michael Roberts, R., additional, Robinson, Michael, additional, Rodríguez-Romero, Adela, additional, Rogers, John C., additional, Rosenthal, Philip J., additional, Rose, A.M., additional, Rosing, J., additional, Rossetto, Ornella, additional, Rossi, Cesare, additional, Rossi, Véronique, additional, Roth, Richard A., additional, Rowan, Andrew D., additional, Rozanov, Mikhail, additional, Rucavado, Alexandra, additional, Rul, Françoise, additional, Rümenapf, Tillmann, additional, Ryan, Martin D., additional, Ryan, Thomas J., additional, Sacco, Elena, additional, Evan Sadler, J., additional, Saenger, W., additional, Sahl, Hans-Georg, additional, Sajid, Mohammed, additional, Sakiyama, Fumio, additional, Salas, María L., additional, Salter, Jason P., additional, Salvesen, Guy S., additional, Sanchez, Eladio F., additional, Sang, Qing-Xiang Amy, additional, Sankaran, Krishnan, additional, Sarras, Michael P., additional, Sasagawa, Yoshikiyo, additional, Satoh, Kimiyuki, additional, Sauer, Robert T., additional, Sawada, Hitoshi, additional, Scarisbrick, I.A., additional, Schauer-Vukasinovic, Vesna, additional, Schlievert, Patrick M., additional, Schlösser, Manfred, additional, Schmidt, Amy E., additional, Schmidt, Brian F., additional, Schmidt, Walter K., additional, Schmitz, Udo K., additional, Schneemann, Anette, additional, Scholze, Henning, additional, Schomburg, Lutz, additional, Schwaeble, Wilhelm J., additional, Sedlacek, Radislav, additional, Seemüller, Erika, additional, Seidah, Nabil G., additional, Seiki, Motoharu, additional, Selistre de Araujo, Heloisa S., additional, Senior, Robert M., additional, Sik Seong, Ihn, additional, Serpe, Mihaela, additional, Serrano, Solange M.T., additional, Setlow, Peter, additional, Shanks, M., additional, Shao, Feng, additional, Shapiro, Steven D., additional, Shen, Lei, additional, Sherwood (Deceased), Roger F., additional, Shi, Yun-Bo, additional, Shimoi, Hitoshi, additional, Shinoda, Sumio, additional, Siigur, Ene, additional, Siigur, Jüri, additional, Sim, Robert B., additional, Simmer, James P., additional, Simmons, William H., additional, Sirakova, Tatiana D., additional, Skern, Tim, additional, Skidgel, Randal A., additional, Slack, Jeffrey, additional, Sleat, David E., additional, Smith, Janet L., additional, Smyth, Mark J., additional, Snijder, Eric J., additional, Söderhäll, Kenneth, additional, Sohar, Istvan, additional, Sorimachi, Hiroyuki, additional, Sottrup-Jensen, Lars, additional, Soubrier, Florent, additional, Soukhodolets, Karen E., additional, Springman, Eric B., additional, Geme, Joseph W. St., additional, Leger, Raymond J. 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Published
2004
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36. Distinct roles for two G protein alpha subunits in fungal virulence, morphology, and reproduction revealed by targeted gene disruption

Author

Gao, Shaojian and Nuss, Donald L.

Subjects
G proteins -- Research, Fungi -- Genetic aspects, Cellular signal transduction -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Reduced accumulation of the GTP-binding protein [G.sub.i][Alpha] subunit CPG-1, due either to hypovirus infection or transgenic cosuppression, correlates with virulence attenuation of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica. The role of G protein-mediated signal transduction in fungal virulence was further examined by targeted disruption of the gene cpg-1, encoding CPG-1, and a second G[Alpha] gene, cpg-2, encoding the subunit CPG-2. Disruption of cpg-1 resulted in a set of phenotypic changes similar to, but more severe than, those associated with hypovirus infection. Changes included a marked reduction in fungal growth rate and loss of virulence, asexual sporulation, female fertility, and transcriptional induction of the gene lac-1, encoding the enzyme laccase. In contrast, cpg-2 disruption resulted in only slight reductions in growth rate and asexual sporulation and no significant reduction in virulence, female fertility, or lac-1 mRNA inducibility. These results provide definitive confirmation of previous correlative evidence that suggested a requirement of CPG-1-linked signaling for a number of fungal processes, including virulence and reproduction, while demonstrating that a second G[Alpha], CPG-2, is dispensable for these processes. They also significantly strengthen support for the apparent linkage between hypovirus-mediated disruption of G protein signal transduction and attenuation of fungal virulence.

Published
1996

37. Cloning and targeted disruption of enpg-1, encoding the major in vitro extracellular endopolygalacturonase of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica

Author

Gao, Shaojian, Choi, Gil H., Shain, Louis, and Nuss, Donald L.

Subjects
Fungi -- Genetic aspects, Gene expression -- Analysis, Cloning -- Research, Isoelectric focusing -- Usage, Virulence (Microbiology) -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The gene enpg-1 from the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica that codes the main extracellular endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) does not contribute to fungal virulence. The gene product, ENPG-1 has a molecular weight of 34.5 kDa and a pI of 7.2, and is 66% similar to endoPG from the maize pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum. Isoelectric focusing of the polygalacturonase activity indicates that infected tissues have low ENGP-1 activity and disruption mutant-infected tissues have no ENGP-1.

Published
1996

41. Virus-mediated or transgenic suppression of a G-protein alpha subunit and attenuation of fungal virulence

Author

Choi, Gil H., Chen, Baoshan, and Nuss, Donald L.

Subjects
Chestnut blight -- Research, Virulence (Microbiology) -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Analysis of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica strains carrying RNA viruses of the Hypovirus genus reveals reduced levels of a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit. These strains exhibit hypovirulence. Transgenic suppression diminishes this alpha subunit levels in virus-free fungal strains which also exhibit hypovirulence. Hence G-protein-linked signal transmission contributes to fungal pathogenesis.

Published
1995

42. Biological control of chestnut blight: an example of virus-mediated attenuation of fungal pathogenesis

Author

Nuss, Donald L.

Subjects
Chestnut blight -- Control, Fungi, Pathogenic -- Control, Plant genetic engineering -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

A natural form of biological control was developed as an alternative to the environmentally hazardous chemical means of control of microbial pests. The virulence of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectaria parasitica, was attentuated by the manipulation of an endogenous viral RNA genetic element. Further studies had been planned in the use of the genetically engineered transmissible hypovirulence for a more effective management of pathogenic fungi.

Published
1992

46. Identification of bdm-1, a gene involved in G protein [Beta]-subunit function and [Alpha]-subunit accumulation

Author

Kasahara, Shin, Wang, Ping, and Nuss, Donald L.

Subjects
Genetic research -- Analysis, G proteins -- Research, Fungi -- Genetic aspects, Science and technology
Abstract

Targeted disruption of G[Alpha] and G[Beta] genes has established the requirement of an intact G protein signaling pathway for optimal execution of several important physiological processes, including pathogenesis, in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. We now report the identification of a G protein signal transduction component, beta disruption mimic factor-1, BDM-1. Disruption of the corresponding gene, bdm-1, resulted in a phenotype indistinguishable from that previously observed after disruption of the G[Beta] subunit gene, cpgb-1. The BDM-1 deduced amino acid sequence contained several significant clusters of identity with mammalian phosducin, including a domain corresponding to a highly conserved 11-amino acid stretch that has been implicated in binding to the G[Beta][Gamma], dimer and two regions of defined G[Beta]/ phosducin contact points. Unlike the negative regulatory function proposed for mammalian phosducin, the genetic data presented in this report suggest that BDM-1 is required for or facilitates G[Beta] function. Moreover, disruption of either bdm-1 or cpgb-1 resulted in a significant, posttranscriptional reduction in the accumulation of CPG-1, a key G[Alpha] subunit required for a range of vital physiological processes. Cryphonectria parasitica | fungal pathogenesis | phosducin

Published
2000

48. Hypovirus-Responsive Transcription Factor Gene pro1 of the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica Is Required for Female Fertility, Asexual Spore Development, and Stable Maintenance of Hypovirus Infection▿

Author

Sun, Qihong, Choi, Gil H., and Nuss, Donald L.

Subjects
Virulence, fungi, Molecular Sequence Data, Aesculus, Articles, Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor), Spores, Fungal, Fungal Proteins, Ascomycota, Reproduction, Asexual, RNA Viruses, Amino Acid Sequence, Sequence Alignment, Plant Diseases
Abstract

We report characterization of the gene encoding putative transcription factor PRO1, identified in transcriptional profiling studies as being downregulated in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica in response to infection by virulence-attenuating hypoviruses. Sequence analysis confirmed that pro1 encodes a Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) binuclear cluster DNA binding protein with significant sequence similarity to the pro1 gene product that controls fruiting body development in Sordaria macrospora. Targeted disruption of the C. parasitica pro1 gene resulted in two phenotypic changes that also accompany hypovirus infection, a significant reduction in asexual sporulation that could be reversed by exposure to high light intensity, and loss of female fertility. The pro1 disruption mutant, however, retained full virulence. Although hypovirus CHV1-EP713 infection was established in the pro1 disruption mutant, infected colonies continually produced virus-free sectors, suggesting that PRO1 is required for stable maintenance of hypovirus infection. These results complement the recent characterization of the hypovirus-responsive homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste12 C(2)H(2) zinc finger transcription factor gene, cpst12, which was shown to be required for C. parasitica female fertility and virulence.

Published
2008

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