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Collaborations between academia and industry are vital for modern industrial research and development projects, combining the best of both worlds to develop sustainable chemical processes. Herein we summarize a number of successful cooperations between DSM Nutritional Products and Swiss academic institutions that have been carried out over approximately the past decade. A wide variety of reactions and processes have been investigated with experts located in Switzerland. New synthetic routes, chemical transformations and reactor concepts have been developed to produce industrially relevant compounds. Additionally the scope of known catalytic systems has been probed and new catalysts showing improved selectivity have been designed, synthesized and tested. We describe how the research was supported by DSM, the parallel in-house investigations and also how the projects were continued and further developed.

The Community Partnership Program (PKM) activity in the Tesbatan Village Women's Group aims to exploit local potential, namely moringa leaves, corn, chili, tomatoes, papaya and coconut. The local potentials are processed into nutritional products with long shelf life. Thus it will increase the income and health of partner families. Partners are trained and assistanced during the processing practice of tea products, noodles, moringa cake, corn tortillas, VCO, and sukade. The training was conducted in groups with the andragogy approach that was presented with a ratio of 30% theory and 70% practice. The implementation of PKM has provided training participants with knowledge about cassava diversification, packaging and labeling. The main target of assistance to farmer groups is to enable the group to independently produce processed products as to increase nutritional and economic value by being marketed around the partner group's residence so that they can continue to carry out housework. In addition to the activities of processed local products, counseling was also carried out about the urgency of stunting on adolescent women and their effects on future generations. Partners are also equipped with knowledge about packaging and label design for the products. The activity received a very good response, this can be seen from the involvement of partners during the PKM, as well as a positive attitude and high motivation throughout the series of activities indicated by the presence and interest of partners in every discussion, training, and monitoring activity.

Background AOAC Method 2015.06 is a Final Action Official MethodSM for the determination of 12 elements (Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo) in infant formula and adult nutritional products, based on inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS. Currently, its scope does not include certain kinds of formulations used in India. The method would likely be used more in Indian laboratories if its performance were characterized on Indian matrixes. Objective In this study we describe a typical single-laboratory validation (SLV) exercise designed to characterize the precision and accuracy of AOAC Method 2015.06 for common Indian nutritional matrixes so that the scope of the method can be extended to include them. Method Six matrixes specific to the Indian market were carried through an SLV and the Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®) previously published for this method were used to evaluate the results. Results The method demonstrated typical repeatability ( Conclusions The SLV results showed that AOAC Method 2015.06 can be extended to include these Indian matrices. Highlights The two special sample preparation procedures can now be considered validated.

The culture of olive trees has been spreading worldwide with huge areas being used for this purpose. This activity, in addiction to that of the olive oil industries, has resulted in the formation of much biomass and effluents contaminated with high concentrations of organic compounds. Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated compound, abundant in olive oil and almonds and used for the production of energy, cosmetics, nutritional products and pharmaceuticals, with many nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, it may be present in toxic amounts in industrial effluents of the food sector. There is an increasing incidence of neurological diseases associated with excessive neuronal zinc release and also with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly in mitochondria. This work addresses the impact of oleic acid in neuronal zinc movements and compares OA induced zinc and ROS signals. The measurements were performed using the fluorescent zinc and ROS indicators Newport Green and H2DCFDA, respectively, and oleic acid concentrations in the 10 μM – 100 μM range. The measured zinc and ROS signals, which include autofluorescence, were both enhanced in the presence of the higher concentrations of oleic acid. In general, their amplitude increased with the OA concentration but, upon washout, the zinc changes were reversible while the ROS signals were maintained. These results suggest that there is a correlation between both types of cellular changes.

Introduction Nutrition therapy is medical treatment that includes assessment of patients’ nutritional status, their nutrient requirements, supply of nutritional products in appropriate quantities, and monitoring all of these processes. The nutrition support team is responsible for the organization of the nutrition therapy. Aim To evaluate the activity of nutrition support teams in hospitals in the Greater Poland voivodeship. Material and methods An evaluation of nutrition support teams’ activity and the types of nutrition therapy used in hospitals in the Greater Poland voivodeship was made. In order to collect all the necessary data, a questionnaire with closed-ended questions was sent to all hospitals registered in the voivodeship. Results Out of 25 hospitals that returned the completed questionnaire, 15 (60.0%) confirmed the presence of a nutrition support team in their structures. In previous reports it was 17 centres (68.0%) that had such team, but sometimes the team was not working to its full extent. 73.0% of hospitals were satisfied with both the presence of the team and its activity concerning proper fulfilment of entrusted tasks. The activity of nutrition support teams in the Greater Poland voivodeship correlated closely with the size of the hospital. Conclusions Nutrition support teams function in the majority of hospitals in the Greater Poland voivodeship. Nutrition teams are more common in larger hospitals. In order to provide proper medical nutrition therapy, the legal obligation to appoint nutrition support teams in the hospitals should be restored.

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL. Lamarck syn.Convolvulus batatasL.) is a perennial, herbaceous climber with tuberous edible roots, and is a major leguminous crop of global importance with widespread applicability and economic value of its products in the global market. The aim of the presented investigations was to review the experimental articles and patents referring to the application of sweet potato-based nutritional products for athletes published in the period 2000–2020. Altogether, 69 patents and 12 experimental articles were included in the analysis. The statistical analysis showed that similar number of inventions was patented in periods 2000–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015 and 2016–2020. Generally, the inventors patented food supplements in different forms (e.g.bars, beverages, powders, snacks, tablets). Other authors invented methods of extraction and application of sweet potato constituents such as carbohydrates (i.a.slowly digestible starch) and polyphenols (i.a.anthocyanins). The empirical articles evidenced wide acceptability of sweet potato products due to their beneficial effects on health and performance such as improvement of cardiopulmonatory functions, prolongation of physical performance and recovery from fatigue. Despite growing interest in the application of sweet potato constituents in nutritional products for athletes, further investigations are highly desirable.

Background: Hundred percent human milk diet plays a vital part in the nutritional management of preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). NICU nurses play an important role in the management of nutrition and growth of preterm infants, who will also oversee the implementation of an exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) in the NICU. Objective: To understand the NICU nurses' perspectives on the benefits of 100% human milk diet through human milk-derived nutritional products in preterm infants. Material and Methods: Online survey was conducted through Google Forms which had nine questions on the benefits of human milk-based nutrition finalized by expert neonatologists. An online survey link was shared with the NICU nurses through emails and text messages. A request was made to the neonatologists and head nurses to disseminate the survey link with their counterparts and colleagues. Results: All the participants rated that exclusive breastfeeding or using 100% Human Milk Diet is very important for preterm babies in NICU [n=152 (100%)]. 46.7% (n=71) participants reported that seventy calories pasteurized human breast milk, (PHBM – 70 Cal) is the best option for preterm infants when the mother’s own milk (MOM) is unavailable. 84.9% (n=129) of the participants stated that the Human milk-based fortifier (HMDF) – Mother’s Milk Fortifier (MMF) is the best option for fortification. 96% (n=146) participants were satisfied with the safety and tolerance of 100% human milk-based products like PHBM - 70 calories and MMF. Conclusion: The majority of the NICU nurses in India are aware of the benefits of human milk and 100% human milk diet in preterm infants. Human milk-derived nutritional products; HMDF (MMF) and 70 Calories are reported to be having good tolerance and safety in preterm infants by most of the NICU nurses. Having regular training sessions about EHMD for NICU nurses would be impactful.

The case is about struggles of Danone India, a French based firm that envisioned high stakes in the Indian dairy market but had to exit early due to its inability to adapt to the Indian market conditions. The firm had a vision of “giving fresh impetus to the business and conquering the world” that transcended boundaries by providing healthier dairy products to the customers. Danone plans to expand into emerging markets by 2020, an endeavor driving 12 percent of its dairy business. The 22-billion-USD French food giant entered in India in the year 2010. It forayed into India’s dairy market with milk products such as flavored yogurt, buttermilk, cold coffee, curd, and smoothies. Danone was known to excel in its nutrition-based products, which were more than 90 percent of the business in India. However, having covered 200,000 retail outlets in 20 cities once, Danone struggled to expand and failed to capture the Indian dairy market, leading to its exit in 2018. Dilemma: How much will the nutritional product market get affected by Danone’s decision to quit the milk product market? Theory: Environment scanning and selecting the right strategy to quit Type of the case: Observation-based applied single case study Protagonist: Not needed. Case written with information drawn from secondary sources Options: Out of the various exit strategies such as acquisition, merger, IPO, or shutting down operations, why did Danone choose the last option? Discussions and case questions: The case discusses the reasons for the failure of the Danone milk business in India. Was pricing the most dominant factor behind the exit of Danone from India? Further, the case also discusses what lessons Danone should learn from its milk segment failure in India that may help it grow in the nutrition business in India. How can the company withstand the competition in the category of nutritional products? Will the firm re-enter the Indian market in the near future?

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding 1,500 phytase units (FYT/kg; Ronozyme HiPhos 2,500; DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) when credited with its corresponding nutrient release values to growing-finishing pigs. The assumed phytase release values were 0.146% standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P, 0.102% STTD Ca, 8.6 kcal/kg of net energy (NE), and 0.0217%, 0.0003%, 0.0086%, 0.0224%, 0.0056%, 0.0122%, and 0.0163% standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, Met+Cys, Thr, Trp, Ile, and Val, respectively. In Exp. 1, 1,215 pigs (PIC 359 × Camborough, initially 28.0 ± 0.46 kg) were used. Pens were assigned to one of three dietary treatments with 27 pigs per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Experimental diets consisted of a control with no added phytase or diets with 1,500 FYT fed either in the grower period (days 0–57) then switched to the control diet until market or fed throughout the entire study (day 0 to market). Diets containing added phytase were adjusted based on the supplier-provided expected nutrient release values. During the grower period, pigs fed the control diet with no added phytase had increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) compared with pigs fed added phytase. Overall, pigs fed either the control or phytase only in the grower period had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with pigs fed phytase until market. In Exp. 2, 2,268 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050, initially 28.5 ± 1.96 kg) were used. There were six dietary treatments with 27 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Experimental diets consisted of a control with no added phytase or five diets with 1,500 FYT assuming nutrient release values for Ca and P; Ca, P, and Amino Acid (AA); Ca, P, AA, and half of the suggested NE; Ca, P, AA, and full NE; or no nutrient release. Overall, there was no evidence for difference in ADG or average daily feed intake among treatments; however, pigs fed the diet containing 1,500 FYT assuming that no nutrient release had improved (P < 0.05) G:F compared to pigs fed diets containing 1,500 FYT assuming either Ca and P or Ca, P, AA, and full NE release, with others intermediate. In summary, pigs fed phytase-added diets accounting for full nutrient release values in both experiments had the poorest performance. This suggests that using all of the nutrient release values attributed to this source of phytase was too aggressive and resulted in lower nutrient concentrations than needed to optimize performance.

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Bovaer® 10 as a zootechnical additive for ruminants for milk production and reproduction. Systemic exposure or site of contact toxicity for the active substance 3‐nitrooxypropanol (3‐NOP), for which genotoxicity has not been fully clarified, in the target species, is unlikely based on ADME data available. Consequently, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that Bovaer® 10 was safe for dairy cows at the maximum recommended level. However, as a margin of safety could not be established, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of the additive for other animal species/categories. The FEEDAP Panel considered that the consumer was exposed to 3‐nitrooxypropionic acid (NOPA), which is one of the 3‐NOP metabolites. NOPA was not genotoxic based on the studies provided. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of Bovaer® 10 in animal nutrition under the conditions of use proposed was of no concern for consumer safety and for the environment. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the active substance 3‐NOP may be harmful if inhaled. It is irritant (but not corrosive) to skin, irritant to the eyes but it is not a skin sensitiser. As the genotoxicity of 3‐NOP is not completely elucidated, the exposure through inhalation of the additive may represent an additional risk for the user. The Panel concluded that the additive has a potential to be efficacious in dairy cows to reduce enteric methane production under the proposed conditions of use. This conclusion was extrapolated to all other ruminants for milk production and reproduction.

Microalgae have acquired a great deal of attention in recent years since they represent one of the most underexploited sources of novel products and have considerable potential for mass production of a wide variety of valuable biomolecules (Vilchez et al., 2011). With the world population on the rise, proper nourishment is a growing concern and new sources of nutrition providing low cost and ease of production paired with massive and rapid production rates are of the essence. Algae are plentiful all over the world and have successfully adapted to a wide variety of environments; thus, they have acquired the ability to produce very diverse biomolecules with the potential to support human nutrition and health and play an important role in the development of novel nutritional products. Microalgae utilize sunlight energy more efficiently than higher plants, making them ideal for the production of high-value compounds; currently, algae are crucial in the production of commercial carotenoids for the aquaculture feed industry. The single-celled alga Dunaliella salina, when cultivated under stressful conditions, can accumulate great amounts of beta-carotene to maintain its normal function and continue its development. This ability – along with the exceptional physiological traits of this species – has led to the cultivation of D. salina for the mass production of beta-carotene for use in a variety of industries such as human nutrition, aquaculture, and cosmetics. The growing need for natural ingredients is driving the development and evolution of the commercial cultivation of D. salina and places more pressure on optimizing and expanding this industry.

Ukraine needs to introduce high standards for the safety and quality of dairy products, which have become the norm for the world's leading producers. According to the order of the profile ministry of the state «On approval of the Requirements for the safety and quality of milk and dairy products» must determine the safety of milk. The minimum milk to be processed must meet the relevant criteria. The requirements approved by the decree shall apply to milk and dairy market operators exporting or declaring their readiness for such exports to the competent authority. For all other milk and dairy market operators, the above requirements apply from January 2022. The new national standards, harmonized with the European ones, require gradual implementation, which is why the order provides for a transitional period. The Milk Producers Association (AVM) states that it is not profitable to produce milk by extravagance. According to the US National Profile Board, if the milk contains about 400,000 / ml somatic cells, then the farmer loses about 700 kg of milk during the cow's lactation period. The overall goal of new legislative changes in Ukraine is to create and implement in our country a modern food safety monitoring system based on risk assessment in the dairy value chain. Therefore, dairy farms and the private population (who supply milk) should be prepared for periodic inspections of raw milk (laboratory tests) and for production inspection. The article investigates the quality of milk collected from farms and private farms. Reasons for the decrease in the quality of the product under study were identified. Proposed ways to improve the quality of milk raw materials.

The main objective of this work is to characterize the seasonal influences on the potential nutritional assessment of extracts of the brown alga Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta, harvested on the khadra coast, in the wilaya of Mostaganem (Algeria). The Stricta cystosira extracts have been shown to have high seasonal physicochemical parameters in which the biochemical parameters determine that the maximum total chlorophyll content was 21.38 μg / ml, with a maximum value of 8.45 ± 1.06 μg / ml. Carotenoids and. the humidity give a 52% Spring with 22.6% of ash in the Autumn, with a 15.5% wilting and 21 ± 1.16% carbohydrate and 130 (AAE / 100g) of ascorbic acids in the Summer, the lipids it exceeds 19.8%. a 120 G AE / 100g total phenolic content record in the winter with a better anti-free radical activity it exceeds 0.71 (EAA / mg) in the Autumn and 50% inhibition of the percentage of CI to give a 6.31 μg / ml at the L The results indicated a change in biochemical compositions were abundant according to the seasons. These results have proved to be an important contribution to the valorization of these species of macroalgae and isolation some bioactive molecules in the different pharmaceutical field as a source of recent biochemical compounds and selected as important nutritional products.

Background: An acid hydrolysis ultrahigh-performance LC–UV method was evaluated for the determination of total amino acids in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula. Objective: It was assessed for compliance against AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) established by the Stakeholder Panel for Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN). Methods: A single-laboratory validation (SLV) study was conducted as a first step in the process to validate the method. In this SLV, 17 SPIFAN matrices representing a range of infant formula and adult nutritional products were evaluated for their amino acid content. Results: The analytical range was found to be within the needs for all products; some may require a dilution. Evaluation of trueness performed on Standard Reference Material 1849a (Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula) showed all compounds met the SMPR theoretical value, with exceptions for threonine and tyrosine. These may have a bias for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) data, depending on hydrolysis used in the determination of the NIST certificate of analysis. Conclusions: Based on the results of this SLV, this method met the SMPR and was approved as a First Action method by the AOAC Expert Review Panel on Nutrient Methods on August 28, 2018.

The global recognition for the potential of nanoproducts and processes in human biomedicine has given impetus for the development of novel strategies for rapid, reliable, and proficient diagnosis, prevention, and control of animal diseases. Nanomaterials exhibit significant antifungal and antimycotoxin activities against mycosis and mycotoxicosis disorders in animals, as evidenced through reports published over the recent decade and more. These nanoantifungals can be potentially utilized for the development of a variety of products of pharmaceutical and biomedical significance including the nano-scale vaccines, adjuvants, anticancer and gene therapy systems, farm disinfectants, animal husbandry, and nutritional products. This review will provide details on the therapeutic and preventative aspects of nanoantifungals against diverse fungal and mycotoxin-related diseases in animals. The predominant mechanisms of action of these nanoantifungals and their potential as antifungal and cytotoxicity-causing agents will also be illustrated. Also, the other theragnostic applications of nanoantifungals in veterinary medicine will be identified.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panelon Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of muramidase produced by Trichoderma reesei DSM 32338 (Balancius™) as a feed additive for weaned piglets. The additive has been previously assessed by the FEEDAP Panelin the context of other applications, and in the current assessment the applicant requests for an extension of use. Based on the data available in a sub-chronic oral toxicity study, the Panelconcluded that the additive is safe for weaned piglets at the maximum recommended level of 65,000 LSU(F)/kg feed. The additive is safe for the consumers and the environment but should be considered a potential respiratory sensitiser. The Panelcould not conclude on the potential of the additive for skin/eye irritancy and skin sensitisation. The additive has the potential to be efficacious as a zootechnical additive for weaned piglets at the dose of 50,000 LSU(F)/kg feed.

Ronozyme® ProAct is the trade name of the feed additive under assessment and contains serine protease produced by a genetically modified strain of Bacillus licheniformis. Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Ronozyme® ProAct when used as a zootechnical additive for chickens for fattening. The additive is available in coated thermotolerant granulated and liquid forms (Ronozyme® ProAct CT/L). The production strain and its recombinant DNA were not detected in an intermediate concentrated product used to produce the final formulations. The final products do not trigger a safety concern with regard to the genetic modification. Based on the results obtained in a tolerance study in chickens for fattening and the data from a subchronic oral toxicity study the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is safe for chickens for fattening. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of Ronozyme® ProAct CT/L as a feed additive gives rise to no concern for consumers and for the environment. The additive, in either form, is not an eye irritant but should be considered a skin irritant. In the absence of data, no conclusions on the skin sensitisation potential can be reached. Owing to the proteinaceous nature of the active substance it should be considered a respiratory sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel also concluded that the additive has the potential to be efficacious at 15,000 PROT/kg compound feed for chickens for fattening.

Milk is one of the value-added nutritional products for animal health. Different types of milk are being used as a diet for different health benefits. Human milk also being used as trading milk for the nourishment of human health. In diary business, high value-added milk generally mixed with low-value milk for business trading. Consumption of these adulterated dairy products may cause an allergic response in certain individuals. In this study, we analyzed various milk samples, using gas chromatography (GC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) to identity the difference among milk samples. FT-IR analysis showed, all milk samples show common wavelength signal at 1384 cm-1 and also distinguish various wavelength spectral patterns (human: 1077 cm-1, donkey: 1092 cm-1, buffalo: 3435 cm-1, cow: 3450 cm-1 and goat: 3443 cm-1. GC analysis results also identified common and distinct profiles for the milk samples tested. SEM-EDAX showed the presence of unique metals such as human milk contains Si-8.82wt%, donkey contains Fe-6.24wt%, and buffalo contains Si-31.29 wt% and surprisingly cow showed a very low percentage of oxygen of about 33.76 wt% when compared to other kinds of milks. Taken together, results confirmed that kinds of milks samples can be distinguished using FT-IR, GC and SEM-EDAX techniques.

Pediatric associations have been urged not to interact with and not to accept support from commercial providers of breast milk substitutes (BMSs), based on the assumption that such interaction would lead to diminished promotion and support of breastfeeding. The leadership of seven European pediatric learned societies reviewed the issue and share their position and policy conclusions here. We consider breastfeeding as the best way of infant feeding and strongly encourage its active promotion, protection, and support. We support the World Health Organization (WHO) Code of Marketing of BMSs. Infant formula and follow-on formula for older infants should not be advertised to families or the public, to avoid undermining breastfeeding. With consistently restricted marketing of BMSs, families need counseling on infant feeding choices by well-informed pediatricians. Current and trustworthy information is shared through congresses and other medical education directed and supervised by independent pediatric organizations or public bodies. Financial support from commercial organizations for congresses, educational, and scientific activities of pediatric organizations is an acceptable option if scientific, ethical, societal, and legal standards are followed; any influence of commercial organizations on the program is excluded, and transparency is ensured. Public–private research collaborations for improving and evaluating pharmaceuticals, vaccines, medical devices, dietetic products, and other products and services for children are actively encouraged, provided they are guided by the goal of enhancing child health and are performed following established high standards. We support increasing investment of public funding for research aiming at promoting child health, as well as for medical education., BK is the Else Kröner - Senior Professor of Paediatrics at LMU co-funded by Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation and LMU

Due to development of many nutraceuticals and other nutritional products people are facing huge problems in maintaining their health. People now are attracted to the food Available outside rather than homemade and naturally occurring fruits. Objective of this survey the people following natural organic food as they need regularly to maintain their health. It is based on the people who follows natural organic diet like vegetable, meat, and fruits. By taking all the reports from the people we finally came to know that people are moving forward by taking organic, natural vegetable, meat, and fruits than the marketed products available.

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed forthe simultaneous qualification of relevant forms of B group vitamins including vitamin B1, B2,B3 and B6 in nutritional products. Samples are hydrolyzed by enzymatic digestion at 37ºC in theshaking water bath within approximately 12 to 14 hours. Papain and α-amylase enzymes wereused to hydrolize the protein and complex carbohydrate. Acid phosphatase was used to cutphosphoryl links to form free vitamin forms. The separation was achieved on a C18 column(100mm×2.1mm×1.7μm). Analytes were eluted with the mobile phase of 10 mM ammoniumformate and methanol by gradient program at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. The calibration curvesranged from 0.2 to 2000 ng/mL with the correlation coefficients > 0.998. Limits of detection andquantification of method ranged from 2.7 to 3.8 μg/100g and 9.1 - 12.6 μg/100g, respectively.The method was validated at three different concentrations with the recovery of 80 - 110%, relativestandard deviation of repeatability, RSDr %, of 2.61 - 4.69%, and intermediate reproducibility,RSDR% of 3.40 - 9.69%. The method was applied to simultaneously determine the four watersoluble vitamins in several of nutritional products. &nbsp

Background: Biotin and folate are B-group vitamins that play a critical role in numerous metabolic reactions, and they are supplemented to infant and adult nutritional formulas as free biotin and folic acid. Objective: We describe a rapid method for the analysis of biotin and folic acid that is applicable to liquid milk, milk powders, infant formula, and milk-based nutritional products. Methods: Samples are autoclaved, centrifuged, filtered, and analyzed by HPLC–MS/MS, with quantitation accomplished by the internal standard technique. Results: The method was shown to be accurate, with acceptable spike recovery (biotin: 96.5–108.2%; folic acid: 92.6–104.4%), and no bias (α = 0.05) against either a certified reference material (biotin: P = 0.70; folic acid: P = 0.23) or established analytical method (biotin: P = 0.10; folic acid: P = 0.48) was found. Acceptable precision was confirmed with repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) and Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values (biotin: RSDr = 0.5–5.6%, HorRatr = 0.1–0.6; folic acid: RSDr = 2.0–3.1%, HorRatr = 0.3–0.5). Method detection limit and ruggedness experiments further demonstrated the suitability of this method for routine compliance testing. Conclusions: This rapid method is intended for use in high-throughput laboratories as part of the routine product compliance release testing of biotin and folic acid in the manufacturing of infant formulas and adult nutritional products.

Hypertension of SHR appears at an early age and progressively increases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lycopene in SHR with mild hypertension (young rats) or with high level of hypertension (adult rats). Four-weeks treatment with 10 mg/kg/day of lycopene progressively decreased blood pressure in young (from 144 ± 2 to 119 ± 3 mmHg) and adult (from 177 ± 5 to 159 ± 7 mmHg) SHR. Heart and renal hypertrophy and fibrosis were increased in adult compared to young SHR and lycopene, regardless of the age of the rats, improved the injury in both organs. Although aging induced morphological and functional alterations in the aorta, the treatment was only effective in preventing the former. Lycopene helped to improve all the parameters linked to oxidative stress determined in this study. In conclusion, lycopene treatment improved the age-associated harmful changes in hypertension, cardiovascular and renal remodelling, and indicators of oxidant-antioxidant systems in both young and adult SHR., This work was financed by the University of Salamanca (Spain). Pedro Ferreira Santos was the recipient of a fellowship funded by a project Art.83/LOU of University of Salamanca. Lycopene was kindly supplied by DSM NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A modern trend to carbon dioxide neutral production processes is based on renewable raw materials derived from sugar. Herein, an overview on modern approaches to fine chemicals for the nutritional industry is presented. In comparison to the traditional fossil-fuel-based processes the development of sustainable alternative transformations is necessary to enable the full potential of the new sustainable feedstocks.

A simple method for the verification of supplemental (6R,S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, “5-MTHF,” in nutritional products is described. Nutritional product samples are prepared for the liquid chromatographic/fluorescence detection (LC/FLD) determination of 5-MTHF by buffer dilution, 10-min centrifugation, and syringe filtration. Method performance has been defined by assessments of 5-MTHF linearity (r 2 averaged 0.9999 ± 0.0001, and all relative calibration errors averaged ≤0.6%, for ten consecutive six-point standard curves), intermediate precision (rsd = 1.1%, n = 9, for three products fortified at ∼1.73 μmol/kg = ∼795 μg/kg, tested on each of 3 days), accuracy (spike recovery average = 92.8 ± 1.0%, n = 9, for nutritional products spiked with 5-MTHF at ∼1.73 μmol/kg, or ∼795 μg/kg), and selectivity (absence of interference from reagent blanks, and from four compounds structurally related to 5-MTHF). The 5-MTHF recovery, as % of unheated controls, from a simulated heat treatment (20 min at 120 °C) averaged 99.1 ± 0.6%, n = 4. The limits of 5-MTHF detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/N = 10) were experimentally determined to be 10 μg/kg (∼0.020 μmol/kg) and 30 μg/kg (∼0.060 μmol/kg), respectively (

A limited single-laboratory validation (SLV) was conducted in the authors' laboratory to investigate the performance of AOAC Official MethodsSM 2011.19 Determination of Chromium (Cr), Selenium (Se), and Molybdenum (Mo) in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritional Products by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry and 2015.06 Determination of Minerals and Trace Elements in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry at analyte levels below the practical LOQs (PLOQs) already published for these Final Action Official Methods. This work was needed to verify that the actual LOQs were below the minimum requirements for minerals in infant formula as given in CODEX STAN 72 (1981). Linearity studies at low levels were conducted as well as the analysis of blanks over multiple days to establish the LOQs (as opposed to PLOQs) for these nutrients. Several placebo matrixes from the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) program were tested over multiple days at two different sample sizes to quantitate the effect of doubling the sample size given in the original publications. The SLV results indicate that both methods can meet the Codex minimum requirements as-is, without modification of the methods, albeit with a relaxation of the stringent precision criteria originally established for these methods by SPIFAN. Precision can be improved by doubling the sample size, but this step is not necessary to use the method for its intended purpose. A concurrent collaborative study of Method 2015.06 showed that the RSDR obtained across eight laboratories for several infant formula placebos containing mineral concentrations between the PLOQ and LOQ were indeed worse than SPIFAN expectations, but reasonable Horwitz ratios (HorRat) were nonetheless obtained for these analytes.

Plants are the important means of various kinds of phytochemicals with several applications in nanotechnology. Nanotechnology refers to the building and use of materials whose components exist at the nanoscale up to 100 nm in size. These biotechnological tools have been synthesized by the use of different kinds of plants. Plants have numerous natural products like tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, and other nutritional products that can be obtained from several plant parts like seed, barks, leaves, roots, shoots, flowers, and stems. It has been reported that the extracts from plants act as a powerful pioneer for a nanomaterial production in safe procedures. As the plant extracts have numerous secondary metabolites, it plays part as stabilizing and reducing factors for the bioreduction reaction to form new metallic nanoparticles. These plant-based nanoparticles have various applications in different fields especially in biofuel production.

The aim of the investigation was to review experimental articles and patents referring to corn-based nutritional products for sportspeople published in the period 19702019. Publications were searched in the ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases, as well as the Google Scholar and Google Patents internet search engines. Factorial combinations of the keywords (“Zea mays” or “maize” or “corn”) and (“athlete” or “sport”) were applied. Most papers and patents were published in the period 2010-2019 by researchers affiliated to the USA and China – the two largest global producers of corn. Altogether, 65 patents and 16 articles were recorded. Inventors patented food supplements based on corn-derived saccharides and proteins. Empirical articles were devoted to the impact of corn-based food products on health of sportspeople, evaluation of the impact of length of consumption on the metabolism and performance of athletes, as well the frequency of use and acceptance of nutritional products based on corn by sportspeople. Despite growing interest in the application of corn constituents in nutritional products for sportspeople, further investigations are strongly desirable.

Microalgae have been considered as valuable feedstock due to their versatile biorefinery applications. They have the ability to sequester CO2, valorize waste materials, and recover resources from wastewater. Microalgae biomass is a rich source of carbohydrates, protein, and lipids, which can be converted into a wide variety of bioproducts. In the past few years, microalgae biomass has been extensively experimented for biofuels production. However, the sustainability of microalgae-based biofuels production is still questionable. It ignites a debate to revisit the scope of microalgae and rationalize it with future biorefinery goals. It is an opportunity to delimit the use of microalgae biomass and exploit its use for other interesting applications. It has been realized that the use of microalgae as food and feed source has an appeal. Microalgae species offer diverse biomass composition and nutritional products. Some microalgae species are rich in protein, while the others contain an appreciable amount of carbohydrate. In addition to the use of microalgae biomass as a food and feed source, they are recognized as a remarkable source of coproducts. Coproducts are the bioproducts obtained from the microalgae biomass but in trace amount. Microalgae coproducts include β-carotene, β-1,3-glucan, chlorophyll, phycobiliprotein, lutein, polysaccharides, phycocyannin, fucoidans, agar, alginates, etc. This study aims to envision the use of microalgae as food, feed, and coproducts. It underlines the importance of coproducts, provides a perspective to improve their yield, and outlines a strategy to integrate it with current environmental techniques. This study can be helpful to evaluate the sustainability attributes of microalgae biorefinery to shift focus from fuel to food, feed, and other coproducts.

Non-conventional oilseeds are being of interest because their phytochemicals have a unique profile and might augment the supply of functional and nutritional products. Madhuca longifolia Syn. M. indica (family Sapotaceae) is an important tree growing in the subtropical region of the Indo-Pak. The chemical composition and functional properties of Madhuca longifolia fat (known as Mowrah butter) were reported. Madhuca longifolia is reported to contain steroids, saponins, sapogenins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides. It possesses spasmogenic, oxytocic, uterotonic, antibacterial, anti-implantation, antitumor, antiprogestational, anti-estrogenic activity against menorrhagia, and anticancer activities. This chapter summarizes the recent knowledge of bioactive compounds, functional traits, and food and health-promoting properties of M. longifolia butter. This review contains also the traditional uses and pharmacological activities of M. longifolia seeds.

Introduction Childhood obesity is a major risk factor for developing metabolic syndromes, with these patients five times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to those without metabolic syndromes. Significant contributors to obesity include decreased physical activity, poor diet, and sedentary behaviours, especially television viewing. Current guidelines recommend no more than 2-hours non-educational screen-time per day. Aims Examining parental knowledge regarding food-types on children’s programming and ascertain self-reporting of television viewing and parental concerns regarding nutritional influence of television. Methods Cross-sectional survey on parents of children aged 4–16 years old, presenting to University Hospital Limerick, October-April,2018. Surveys regarding demographics, television viewing, perceptions of television portrayal of nutrition. Data analysed on SPSS. Results Sixty parents completed the surveys with 15% reporting their children watched over 2 hours of television during weekdays, increasing 35% during weekends. Whilst the majority(55%) reported sweet snacks the most commonly depicted on television. 10% of children always watched television during meals with half of children regularly watching television during meals. 80% of parents admitted concern regarding advertising of unhealthy foods with 85% doubting the advertising industry would protect children. 75% of parents were concerned regarding children nutrition, with various concerns expressed. Conclusions Results showed high level of concern regarding advertising and children eating habits. Overall results showed significant proportion of children spending greater than the recommended time watching television, with a significant portrayal of unhealthy food types during this period. Future work in this area should fully explore the influence of screen time on food choice and nutritional intake of children.

A of subsample of 448 growing pigs (PIC 327 × 1050) weaned from 52 sows fed varying dietary vitamin D regimens were used in a split-plot design to determine the effects of maternal and nursery dietary vitamin D on growth performance. Sows were previously administered diets containing vitamin D as vitamin D (800, 2,000, or 9,600 IU/kg) or as 25(OH)D (50 µg [or 2,000 IU vitamin D equivalent]/kg from HyD; DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ). Once weaned, pigs were allotted to pens on the basis of previous maternal vitamin D treatment, and then pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 nursery vitamin D dietary regimens (2,000 IU of vitamin D/kg or 50 µg 25(OH)D/kg). Pigs remained on nursery vitamin D treatments for 35 d, and then they were provided common finishing diets until market (135 kg). Growing pig serum 25(OH)D suggested that maternal dietary vitamin D influenced ( < 0.001 at weaning) serum concentrations early after weaning, but nursery vitamin D regimen had a larger impact ( < 0.001) on d 17 and 35 postweaning. Overall growth performance was not influenced by nursery vitamin D dietary treatments. From d 0 to 35 in the nursery, pigs from sows fed increasing vitamin D had increased (quadratic, < 0.003) ADG and ADFI, but G:F was similar regardless of maternal vitamin D regimen. Also, pigs from sows fed 50 µg/kg of 25(OH)D had increased ( = 0.002) ADG compared with pigs weaned from sows fed 800 IU of vitamin D. Throughout finishing (d 35 postweaning until 135 kg), ADG was increased (quadratic, = 0.005) and G:F was improved (quadratic, = 0.049) with increasing maternal dietary vitamin D. Also, pigs from sows fed 50 µg/kg of 25(OH)D had increased ( = 0.002) ADG compared with pigs weaned from sows fed 800 IU of vitamin D. Carcass data were collected from a subsample population separate from that used for the growth performance portion of the study, and a total of 642 carcasses from progeny of sows fed the varying dietary vitamin D treatments were used. Live BW of pigs at marketing and HCW were heavier ( < 0.030) for pigs from sows previously fed 25(OH)D compared with pigs from sows fed 9,600 IU of vitamin D. Overall, pigs from sows fed 2,000 IU of vitamin D grew faster after weaning compared with pigs from sows fed 800 or 9,600 IU of vitamin D. Pigs from sows fed 25(OH)D hag greater ADG compared with pigs from sows fed 800 IU of vitamin D, and they had increased final BW and HCW compared with pigs from sows fed 9,600 IU of vitamin D.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of Ronozyme HiPhos (DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.) in the immediate post weaning period and to determine the equivalency value of this phytase relative to P. A total of 568 mixed sex pigs were weaned at 26.3 ( ± 1.01, SD) d of age and an average weight of 7.9 ( ± 1.51) kg. Pigs were offered 1 of 8 diets. Diets were fed from weaning for a period of 3 wk and consisted of a negative control diet (NC) containing 0.5 % P, the NC diet + 0.05 % P, NC diet + 0.10 % P, NC diet + 0.15 % P, NC diet + 0.20 % P; and the NC diet + 500, 1,000, or 2,000 units of phytase FYT per kg. Increasing dietary P had no effect on ADFI or ADG, however it did improve G:F quadratically (P < 0.05). Increasing levels of dietary phytase tended to increase ADG (linear, P = 0.056) and linearly improved G:F (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary P or adding phytase improved apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P (linear, P < 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.05) and Ca (linear, P < 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.01). In conclusion, phytase was effective in improving performance and improving P and Ca ATTD of pigs during the immediate post weaning period. Based on ATTD of P, 500 FYT of phytase /kg was equivalent to the addition of 0.088 % of P in weaner pig diets.

A method was developed for the determination of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in raw ingredients, nutritional products, and infant formula using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Three raw ingredients (acid casein, maltodextrin, skim milk powder) and three standard reference materials [NIST 1548a (Typical Diet), NIST 1577c (Bovine Liver), NIST SRM 1568b (Rice Flour)] obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology were analyzed by two analysts using two ICP-MS instruments in different laboratories. NIST SRM 1568b was used as the control sample. All protocol validation parameters (intermediate precision, accuracy, linearity, quantitation limit, specificity, and robustness) were met. The overall precision (n = 8) for analyte concentrations (2.5–300 ng/g) ranged from 2 to 14% RSD. Spike recoveries ranged from 88 to109% for spike levels between 25 and 200%. The overall average concentration of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb measured in all three NIST SRMs were within the certified value ranges. Good linearity (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9995 or better) was obtained for all analytes. Control chart results for 8 independent days showed that the method is robust (precision values of 10% and all points within ±3 σ were obtained). Excellent specificity was also demonstrated when the analytes were measured in the presence of high concentrations of the other concomitants.

ObjectiveTo assess the acceptability and adherence to daily doses of lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) among children and micronutrient powder (MNP) among children and pregnant and lactating women.DesignHousehold interviews and sachet counting were conducted to measure acceptability and adherence, 15 and 30 d after product distribution. Qualitative information on product acceptability was collected using focus group discussions.SettingSaharawi refugee camps, Algeria, August–October 2009.SubjectsLNS was distributed to 123 children aged 6–35 months (LNS-C), and MNP to 112 children aged 36–59 months (MNP-C) and 119 pregnant or lactating women (MNP-W).ResultsAt the end of the test 98·4 % of LNS-C, 90·4 % of MNP-C and 75·5 % of MNP-W participants reported that they liked the product (PPPConclusionsAcceptability, consumption and adherence were higher in participants receiving LNS compared with MNP. However, both products were found to be suitable when compared with predefined acceptability criteria. Acceptability studies are feasible and important in emergency nutrition programmes when the use of novel special nutritional products is considered.

This study evaluated the relationship between salt-soluble protein (SSP) of maize and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of complete diets in response to exogenous α-amylase supplementation in broiler chickens. Samples of 12 maize batches originating from the mid-north and northeast of China were analyzed for SSP. Six of the 12 sources of maize with a wide variation of SSP (from 21.1 % to >50 %) were selected. Six maize-soybean meal basal diets were formulated, including each source of maize with or without the addition of α-amylase (Ronozyme® HiStarch; DSM Nutritional Products). A total of 960 day-old male Arbor Acres Plus broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 12 treatments with 8 replicates per treatment in wired cages and fed experimental diets in 2 phases (d 1−14; d 15−28). At d 28, 4 birds selected from each cage were euthanized for evaluation of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and energy. The addition of α-amylase reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens from 1 to 28 d (1.407 vs. 1.426) compared to the basal diets across maize batches, particularly from 1 to 7 d (1.049 vs. 1.078). An interaction between maize batch and α-amylase supplementation on FCR was detected only at 7 d, when the batch with the lowest SSP exhibited the greatest response to α-amylase. Neither a main effect of α-amylase nor an interaction with maize batch on AID of starch were detected (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, α-amylase supplementation increased ileal digestible energy (IDE) from 12.21 to 12.50 MJ/kg dry matter across maize batches. These increments were mainly driven by the maize batch with the lowest SSP. α-amylase supplementation reduced the variability of IDE from a coefficient variance (CV)=5.2 % to a CV=0.7 % across maize batches. Interestingly, there was a strong negative correlation (r

This paper describes an approach to developing a predictive model for the spray drying of powder nutritional products, both infant and adult formulas, in order to optimize drying efficiency and avoiding the sticking of the powder on the dryer walls. The model is based on the glass transition temperature measurement by rheology method, and subsequent sticky point characterization of the products to set constrains for process variables which affect the drying efficiency and powder stickiness. Three different approaches are presented to characterize the products: 1) using theoretical data, 2) using experimental results based on laboratory tests, and 3) data from direct measurement of the dryer temperature and moisture sensors. Equations for variable manipulations to reach the target powder moisture content have also been developed. The developed models have been successfully applied in a real manufacturing environment, demonstrating how the sticky point model fits an industrial spray drying process and are a useful tool to improving efficiency and reduce quality issues related to powder properties.

Steamed breads are economic hawker that can be enjoyed by all people. Steamed bread fortified with moringa leaves will make relatively low nutritional products raised in nutritional standards. It produces products that are not only filling but also steamed buns are also highly nutritious. Moringa leaves contain many nutrients and benefits, and their use has not been maximized. This study aims to determine the aspects of texture, dough development capacity, and the level of organoleptic acceptance of steamed bread with the addition of moringa leaf flour. Texture testing is done using a penetrometer and getting P1 to be the softest product compare to others mixtures (P0, P2, P3) with an average value of 223 mm/50g/10s. Measurements of the dough expandability show that P1 can expand by 53.8%. Furthermore, in terms of organoleptic, P1 treatment is preferred by most (60%) panellists for the colour category. The addition of moringa leaf flour by 5% (P1) and 10% (P2) is preferred by 40% and 45% for the aroma category. In contrast for taste, 40% of panellists favour steamed bread without the addition of moringa leaf flour (P0). Then, the more addition of Moringa leaf flour, the less number of panellists who like it.

Kosher supervision insists that both ingredients and production requirement are required to be kosher. The growth of the global ingredients supply chain for nutritional ingredients, and the desire among many manufacturers to certify those ingredients as kosher, has required kosher certification to apply these principles of kosher law to multiple and diverse circumstances of production. Besides the active ingredients used in a health-fortified product, solvents, excipients, and other inactive substances are also required to be kosher. Certification agencies also respond to a growing need for guidance on uncertified nutritional products.

A recently designed “industry-scale microfluidizer” (ISM) was applied to treat potato starch, then the structural and physicochemical properties of potato starch treated at different ISM pressure (30, 60, 90, and 120 MPa) were investigated. As ISM pressure increased, starch granule size was firstly increased, and subsequently declined at 120 MPa. A remarkable destruction of starch granules was observed, and all the large granules disintegrated into irregular block-like structures after treatment at 120 MPa. Both crystalline and short-range ordered structure were progressively disrupted with the increase of pressure. The structural destruction was attributed to starch gelatinization, which depended on ISM pressure. ISM treatment could arbitrarily adjust pasting viscosity and increase setback value of potato starch. Moreover, moduli and mechanical rigidity of starch pastes were enhanced by ISM treatment. These results implied that ISM treatment could be a potential choice to modify starch containing large granules at an industrial level. Industrial relevance Microfluidization was an available physical technique to improve functional properties of starch. However, it was difficult for conventional microfluidizer to treat starch containing big granule sizes both in laboratory and industrial scale owing to the drawbacks of devices. A recently designed “industry-scale microfluidizer” (ISM) in our laboratory could be applied to treat potato starch containing large granules. This preliminary study gave important indications that the practical industrial applications of potato starch could be widen by safe and simple microfludization technology, and ISM may be used for processing whole grains flour to obtain nutritional products.

Athletes are exposed to numerous nutritional products, attractively marketed with claims of optimizing health, function, and performance. However, there is limited evidence to support many of these claims, and the efficacy and safety of many products is questionable. The variety of nutritional aids considered for use by track-and-field athletes includes sports foods, performance supplements, and therapeutic nutritional aids. Support for sports foods and five evidence-based performance supplements (caffeine, creatine, nitrate/beetroot juice, β-alanine, and bicarbonate) varies according to the event, the specific scenario of use, and the individual athlete’s goals and responsiveness. Specific challenges include developing protocols to manage repeated use of performance supplements in multievent or heat-final competitions or the interaction between several products which are used concurrently. Potential disadvantages of supplement use include expense, false expectancy, and the risk of ingesting banned substances sometimes present as contaminants. However, a pragmatic approach to the decision-making process for supplement use is recommended. The authors conclude that it is pertinent for sports foods and nutritional supplements to be considered only where a strong evidence base supports their use as safe, legal, and effective and that such supplements are trialed thoroughly by the individual before committing to use in a competition setting.

The AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) defined fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) to include vitamins A, D, E, and K. The levels of FSVs have been closely scrutinized because of a number of factors, including nutrition value especially in foods used to provide sole-source nutrition and the potential for health risks associated with content both below and above recommended levels. Stricter scrutiny and emphasis on nutrient-level compliance with regulatory requirements placed an increased demand on analytical methods that were fit-for-purpose, provided accurate and precise results. Over time, compendial methods have been developed and published by organizations such as AOAC INTERNATIONAL, the European Committee for Standardization, the International Dairy Federation, and the International Organization for Standardization, among others. In general, these methods have shown adequate precision for regulatory compliance based on example food matrixes for which they were designed. However, method evaluation for infant formulas and adult nutritional products was limited to very few matrixes within these categories. As such, method applicability gaps were noted and correlated with more complicated or diverse product matrixes. AOAC undertook the task of modernizing test methods for the determination of nutrients in infant formulas and in adult nutritional products formulated specifically for both healthy adults and those requiring specific nutritional intake. Composition of products in this category continued to evolve, which in turn presented increasing and new challenges to analytical methodology. A summary of a new generation of candidate compendial methods for determination of FSVs in these matrixes, identified by SPIFAN, is presented here.