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MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and tramadol are central nervous system stimulants known for inducing emotional communion and socializing effects. FMRFamide, an RFamide peptide isolated from mollusks, plays diverse roles in physiological processes. This study aimed to evaluate FMRFamide's impact on testicular toxicity induced by MDMA/tramadol in Wistar rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=5). Group A served as the control, Group B received 2 mg/kg FMRFamide for two consecutive days. Groups C, D, and E received MDMA/tramadol (20 mg/kg) for ten days, while Group F received the same dosage along with FMRFamide. Sperm analysis, biochemical, and histological assessments were conducted. The results revealed significant body weight loss, decreased sperm count and motility, increased abnormal sperm formation, and reduced serum LH, FSH, and Testosterone levels. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) expression was intensified in Groups A, B, D, and F. Notably, FMRFamide administration attenuated the adverse effects of MDMA/tramadolinduced testicular toxicity, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in safeguarding male reproductive health. These findings highlight the importance of further exploring FMRFamide's protective mechanisms and its potential application in mitigating drug-induced reproductive toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lead, a prime environmental toxicant and multi-organ poison, exerts its toxicity through interaction with essential metals and the generation of free radicals. Aim and Objectives: To explore and elucidate possible interaction dynamics between lead and the antioxidant-defence status in apparently healthy children with Elevated Blood Lead Level (EBLL) in Ibadan, South-West, Nigeria. Material and Methods: Three-hundred-and-nine apparently healthy, public primary school children were grouped into 169 children with EBLL (BLL > 5µg/dL) and 140 control (BLL= 5µg/dL). Blood lead (Pb), plasma enzymatic antioxidants [Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activities], antioxidant metals [Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se)], and oxidative stress parameters [Total Antioxidant Potential (TAP), Total Plasma Peroxide (TPP) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI)] were determined. Results: Levels of Pb, Zn, Se, TPP and OSI increased while SOD, GPx and TAP decreased in children with EBLL compared with control (p<0.05). No difference was observed in Cu levels between the two groups (p > 0.05). Lead associated positively with Se, TPP and OSI (p<0.05), negatively with TAP, SOD and GPx (p<0.05) but showed no association with Zn and Cu (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was impaired antioxidant-defence status in children with EBLLs which may predispose them to chronic diseases if unresolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]