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1. Impact of COVID-19 on mortality in coastal Kenya: a longitudinal open cohort study

Author

Otiende, M., Nyaguara, A., Bottomley, C., Walumbe, D., Mochamah, G., Amadi, D., Nyundo, C., Kagucia, E. W., Etyang, A. O., Adetifa, I. M. O., Brand, S. P. C., Maitha, E., Chondo, E., Nzomo, E., Aman, R., Mwangangi, M., Amoth, P., Kasera, K., Ng’ang’a, W., Barasa, E., Tsofa, B., Mwangangi, J., Bejon, P., Agweyu, A., Williams, T. N., and Scott, J. A. G.

Published
2023
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2. Impact of COVID-19 on mortality in coastal Kenya: a longitudinal open cohort study

Author

Otiende, M, primary, Nyaguara, A, additional, Bottomley, C, additional, Walumbe, D, additional, Mochamah, G, additional, Amadi, D, additional, Nyundo, C, additional, Kagucia, EW, additional, Etyang, AO, additional, Adetifa, IMO, additional, Brand, SPC, additional, Maitha, E, additional, Chondo, E, additional, Nzomo, E, additional, Aman, R, additional, Mwangangi, M, additional, Amoth, P, additional, Kasera, K, additional, Ng’ang’a, W, additional, Barasa, E, additional, Tsofa, B, additional, Mwangangi, J, additional, Bejon, P, additional, Agweyu, A, additional, Williams, TN, additional, and Scott, JAG, additional

Published
2022
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3. Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mortality in rural coastal Kenya

Author

Otiende, M, primary, Nyaguara, A, additional, Bottomley, C, additional, Walumbe, D, additional, Mochamah, G, additional, Amadi, D, additional, Nyundo, C, additional, Kagucia, EW, additional, Etyang, AO, additional, Adetifa, IMO, additional, Maitha, E, additional, Chondo, E, additional, Nzomo, E, additional, Aman, R, additional, Mwangangi, M, additional, Amoth, P, additional, Kasera, K, additional, Ng’ang’a, W, additional, Barasa, E, additional, Tsofa, B, additional, Mwangangi, J, additional, Bejon, P, additional, Agweyu, A, additional, Williams, TN, additional, and Scott, JAG, additional

Published
2022
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4. Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in three Kenyan referral hospitals: Repeated cross-sectional surveys 2020-21

Author

Lucinde, RK, Mugo, D, Bottomley, C, Karani, A, Gardiner, E, Aziza, R, Gitonga, JN, Karanja, H, Nyagwange, J, Tuju, J, Wanjiku, P, Nzomo, E, Kamuri, E, Thuranira, K, Agunda, S, Nyutu, G, Etyang, AO, Adetifa, IMO, Kagucia, E, Uyoga, S, Otiende, M, Otieno, E, Ndwiga, L, Agoti, CN, Aman, RA, Mwangangi, M, Amoth, P, Kasera, K, Nyaguara, A, Ng'ang'a, W, Ochola, LB, Namdala, E, Gaunya, O, Okuku, R, Barasa, E, Bejon, P, Tsofa, B, Ochola-Oyier, LI, Warimwe, GM, Agweyu, A, Scott, JAG, and Gallagher, KE

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Prenatal Care, Antibodies, Viral, Kenya, Hospitals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Immunoglobulin G, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Humans, Female, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Referral and Consultation
Abstract

Introduction The high proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections that have remained undetected presents a challenge to tracking the progress of the pandemic and estimating the extent of population immunity. Methods We used residual blood samples from women attending antenatal care services at three hospitals in Kenya between August 2020 and October 2021and a validated IgG ELISA for SARS-Cov-2 spike protein and adjusted the results for assay sensitivity and specificity. We fitted a two-component mixture model as an alternative to the threshold analysis to estimate of the proportion of individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We estimated seroprevalence in 2,981 women; 706 in Nairobi, 567 in Busia and 1,708 in Kilifi. By October 2021, 13% of participants were vaccinated (at least one dose) in Nairobi, 2% in Busia. Adjusted seroprevalence rose in all sites; from 50% (95%CI 42–58) in August 2020, to 85% (95%CI 78–92) in October 2021 in Nairobi; from 31% (95%CI 25–37) in May 2021 to 71% (95%CI 64–77) in October 2021 in Busia; and from 1% (95% CI 0–3) in September 2020 to 63% (95% CI 56–69) in October 2021 in Kilifi. Mixture modelling, suggests adjusted cross-sectional prevalence estimates are underestimates; seroprevalence in October 2021 could be 74% in Busia and 72% in Kilifi. Conclusions There has been substantial, unobserved transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Nairobi, Busia and Kilifi Counties. Due to the length of time since the beginning of the pandemic, repeated cross-sectional surveys are now difficult to interpret without the use of models to account for antibody waning.

Published
2022

5. Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in Kenya

Author

Etyang, AO, Lucinde, R, Karanja, H, Kalu, C, Mugo, D, Nyagwange, J, Gitonga, J, Tuju, J, Wanjiku, P, Karani, A, Mutua, S, Maroko, H, Nzomo, E, Maitha, E, Kamuri, E, Kaugiria, T, Weru, J, Ochola, LB, Kilimo, N, Charo, S, Emukule, N, Moracha, W, Mukabi, D, Okuku, R, Ogutu, M, Angujo, B, Otiende, M, Bottomley, C, Otieno, E, Ndwiga, L, Nyaguara, A, Voller, S, Agoti, C, Nokes, DJ, Ochola-Oyier, LI, Aman, R, Amoth, P, Mwangangi, M, Kasera, K, Ng'ang'a, W, Adetifa, I, Kagucia, EW, Gallagher, K, Uyoga, S, Tsofa, B, Barasa, E, Bejon, P, Scott, JAG, Agweyu, A, and Warimwe, G

Subjects
QR180, virus diseases, RA
Abstract

Background Few studies have assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among Health Care Workers (HCWs) in Africa. We report findings from a survey among HCWs in three counties in Kenya. Methods We recruited 684 HCWs from Kilifi (rural), Busia (rural) and Nairobi (urban) counties. The serosurvey was conducted between 30th July 2020 and 4th December 2020. We tested for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using ELISA. Assay sensitivity and specificity were 93% (95% CI 88-96%) and 99% (95% CI 98-99.5%), respectively. We adjusted prevalence estimates using Bayesian modeling to account for assay performance. Results Crude overall seroprevalence was 19.7% (135/684). After adjustment for assay performance seroprevalence was 20.8% (95% CrI 17.5-24.4%). Seroprevalence varied significantly (p Conclusion These initial data demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs in Kenya. There was significant variation in seroprevalence by region, but not by cadre.

Published
2022

6. Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in three Kenyan referral hospitals: repeated cross-sectional surveys 2020-21

Author

Lucinde, R., primary, Mugo, D., additional, Bottomley, C., additional, Karani, A., additional, Gardiner, E., additional, Aziza, R, additional, Gitonga, J., additional, Karanja, H., additional, Nyagwange, J., additional, Tuju, J., additional, Wanjiku, P., additional, Nzomo, E., additional, Kamuri, E., additional, Thuranira, K., additional, Agunda, S., additional, Nyutu, G., additional, Etyang, A., additional, Adetifa, I. M. O., additional, Kagucia, E., additional, Uyoga, S., additional, Otiende, M., additional, Otieno, E., additional, Ndwiga, L., additional, Agoti, C. N., additional, Aman, R. A., additional, Mwangangi, M., additional, Amoth, P., additional, Kasera, K., additional, Nyaguara, A., additional, Ng’ang’a, W., additional, Ochola, L. B., additional, Namdala, E., additional, Gaunya, O, additional, Okuku, R, additional, Barasa, E., additional, Bejon, P., additional, Tsofa, B., additional, Ochola-Oyier, L. I., additional, Warimwe, G. M., additional, Agweyu, A., additional, Scott, J. A. G., additional, and Gallagher, K. E., additional

Published
2022
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7. Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in two Kenyan referral hospitals

Author

Lucinde, R., primary, Mugo, D., additional, Bottomley, C., additional, Aziza, R, additional, Gitonga, J., additional, Karanja, H., additional, Nyagwange, J., additional, Tuju, J., additional, Wanjiku, P., additional, Nzomo, E., additional, Kamuri, E., additional, Thuranira, K., additional, Agunda, S., additional, Nyutu, G., additional, Etyang, A., additional, Adetifa, I. M. O., additional, Kagucia, E., additional, Uyoga, S., additional, Otiende, M., additional, Otieno, E., additional, Ndwiga, L., additional, Agoti, C. N., additional, Aman, R., additional, Mwangangi, M., additional, Amoth, P., additional, Kasera, K., additional, Nyaguara, A., additional, Ng’ang’a, W., additional, Ochola, L. B., additional, Barasa, E., additional, Bejon, P., additional, Tsofa, B., additional, Ochola-Oyier, L. I., additional, Warimwe, G. M., additional, Agweyu, A., additional, Scott, J. A. G., additional, and Gallagher, K. E., additional

Published
2021
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8. Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Healthcare Workers in Kenya.

Author

Etyang AO, Lucinde R, Karanja H, Kalu C, Mugo D, Nyagwange J, Gitonga J, Tuju J, Wanjiku P, Karani A, Mutua S, Maroko H, Nzomo E, Maitha E, Kamuri E, Kaugiria T, Weru J, Ochola LB, Kilimo N, Charo S, Emukule N, Moracha W, Mukabi D, Okuku R, Ogutu M, Angujo B, Otiende M, Bottomley C, Otieno E, Ndwiga L, Nyaguara A, Voller S, Agoti CN, Nokes DJ, Ochola-Oyier LI, Aman R, Amoth P, Mwangangi M, Kasera K, Ng'ang'a W, Adetifa IMO, Wangeci Kagucia E, Gallagher K, Uyoga S, Tsofa B, Barasa E, Bejon P, Scott JAG, Agweyu A, and Warimwe GM

Subjects
Antibodies, Viral, Bayes Theorem, Health Personnel, Humans, Kenya epidemiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Background: Few studies have assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Africa. We report findings from a survey among HCWs in 3 counties in Kenya., Methods: We recruited 684 HCWs from Kilifi (rural), Busia (rural), and Nairobi (urban) counties. The serosurvey was conducted between 30 July and 4 December 2020. We tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Assay sensitivity and specificity were 92.7 (95% CI, 87.9-96.1) and 99.0% (95% CI, 98.1-99.5), respectively. We adjusted prevalence estimates, using bayesian modeling to account for assay performance., Results: The crude overall seroprevalence was 19.7% (135 of 684). After adjustment for assay performance, seroprevalence was 20.8% (95% credible interval, 17.5%-24.4%). Seroprevalence varied significantly (P < .001) by site: 43.8% (95% credible interval, 35.8%-52.2%) in Nairobi, 12.6% (8.8%-17.1%) in Busia and 11.5% (7.2%-17.6%) in Kilifi. In a multivariable model controlling for age, sex, and site, professional cadre was not associated with differences in seroprevalence., Conclusion: These initial data demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs in Kenya. There was significant variation in seroprevalence by region, but not by cadre., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Published
2022
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