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Massive hemoptysis is the expectoration of approximately 600 ml of blood in twenty-four hours. Major causes of massive hemoptysis are tuberculosis, brow chiectasis, pulmonary neoplasm, fungus ball, bronchial adenomas, lung abscess, intrabronchial rupture of an aortic aneurysm, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary infarction, and pulmonary trauma. Other, less common causes Include Goodpasture's syndrome, broncholiths, pulmonary varix, A-V malformation, and bleeding disorders. Agenesis of the pulmonary artery usually occurs in association with congenital cardiac anomalies, and Slated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery is uncommon. About 10% of the patients with pulmonary artery agenesis develop Inconsequential hemoptysis, but massive hemoptysis is a very rare complication of this anomaly. The following Is a case report of a twenty-nine-year-old man with agenesis of the left pulmonary artery, who presented with massive hemoptysis requiring embolization and, eventually, pneumonectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the ability of a quantitative software-aided approach to improve the diagnostic accuracy of 18 F FDG PET for Alzheimer's dementia over visual analysis alone. Twenty normal subjects (M:F-12:8; mean age 80.6 years) and twenty mild AD subjects (M:F-12:8; mean age 70.6 years) with 18 F FDG PET scans were obtained from the ADNI database. Three blinded readers interpreted these PET images first using a visual qualitative approach and then using a quantitative software-aided approach. Images were classified on two five-point scales based on normal/abnormal (1-definitely normal; 5-definitely abnormal) and presence of AD (1-definitely not AD; 5-definitely AD). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for both approaches were compared based on the aforementioned scales. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the normal vs. abnormal readings of all readers combined were higher when comparing the software-aided vs. visual approach (sensitivity 0.93 vs. 0.83 P = 0.0466; specificity 0.85 vs. 0.60 P = 0.0005; accuracy 0.89 vs. 0.72 P<0.0001). The specificity and accuracy for absence vs. presence of AD of all readers combined were higher when comparing the software-aided vs. visual approach (specificity 0.90 vs. 0.70 P = 0.0008; accuracy 0.81 vs. 0.72 P = 0.0356). Sensitivities of the software-aided and visual approaches did not differ significantly (0.72 vs. 0.73 P = 0.74). The quantitative software-aided approach appears to improve the performance of 18 F FDG PET for the diagnosis of mild AD. It may be helpful for experienced 18 F FDG PET readers analyzing challenging cases.

We report our initial experience of performing integrated PET/MR imaging of the carotid arteries in psoriatic patients. Eleven patients with psoriasis and ten controls underwent carotid PET/MRI. Following injection of the FDG tracer, 3d T1w gradient echo sequence (atMR) was obtained for attenuation correction of PET data. High resolution images of carotid artery were then obtained, including pre-and post-contrast T1-w, T2-w and proton-density images as well as TOF images followed by PET imaging of the torso. From the fused axial PET/MRI, the arterial wall SUVmax and TBRmax was quantified in each slice. MRI images were also evaluated for vessel wall volume, plaque and internal composition. SUVmax and TBRmax were respectively, 1.72 ± 0.38 & 1.17 ± 0.27 in L- CCA, 1.75 ± 0.39 & 1.24 ± 0.19 in R-CCA, 1.59 ± 0.24 & 1.08 ± 0.14 in L-ICA and 1.62 ± 0.27 & 1.15 ± 0.17 in R-ICA in psoriatic patients and 1.74 ± 0.22 & 1.28 ± 0.44 in L- CCA, 1.74 ± 0.33 & 1.07 ± 0.28 in R-CCA, 1.78 ± 0.32 & 1.29 ± 0.39 in L-ICA and 1.60 ± 0.29 & 0.98 ± 0.25 in R-ICA in the controls. No discrete plaques were identified in any of the vessel segments in MRI. PET/MRI is feasible in evaluation of carotid arteries in psoriatic patients.

The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the usefulness of Positron emission tomography/Magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) images in a clinical setting by assessing the image quality of Positron emission tomography (PET) images using a three-segment MR attenuation correction (MRAC) versus the standard CT attenuation correction (CTAC). We prospectively studied 48 patients who had their clinically scheduled FDG-PET/CT followed by an FDG-PET/MRI. Three nuclear radiologists evaluated the image quality of CTAC vs. MRAC using a Likert scale (five-point scale). A two-sided, paired t-test was performed for comparison purposes. The image quality was further assessed by categorizing it as acceptable (equal to 4 and 5 on the five-point Likert scale) or unacceptable (equal to 1, 2, and 3 on the five-point Likert scale) quality using the McNemar test. When assessing the image quality using the Likert scale, one reader observed a significant difference between CTAC and MRAC (p=0.0015), whereas the other readers did not observe a difference (p=0.8924 and p=0.1880, respectively). When performing the grouping analysis, no significant difference was found between CTAC vs. MRAC for any of the readers (p=0.6137 for reader 1, p=1 for reader 2, and p=0.8137 for reader 3). All three readers more often reported artifacts on the MRAC images than on the CTAC images. There was no clinically significant difference in quality between PET images generated on a PET/MRI system and those from a Positron emission tomography/Computed tomography (PET/CT) system. PET images using the automatic three-segmented MR attenuation method provided diagnostic image quality. However, future research regarding the image quality obtained using different MR attenuation based methods is warranted before PET/MRI can be used clinically.