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Resume Introduction En cas de laxite anterieure chronique, la reconstruction du ligament croise anterieur (LCA) pourrait ralentir le developpement de l’arthrose. Cette etude a ete menee afin de determiner la prevalence globale de l’arthrose et d’identifier les facteurs de risque apres reconstruction du LCA. Hypothese Les lesions meniscales, le delai traumatisme–chirurgie, l’index de masse corporelle (IMC), la laxite residuelle et les lesions cartilagineuses influencent l’evolution vers l’arthrose. Materiels et methodes Cette etude multicentrique retrospective sur le devenir des ligaments croises a 12 ans de recul a ete realisee dans le cadre du symposium de la Sofcot 2014. La cohorte comprenait 675 reconstructions sous arthroscopie du LCA de janvier 2002 a decembre 2003. L’evaluation clinique comprenait le score IKDC objectif et subjectif. L’analyse de l’arthrose a ete realisee sur 589 radiographies du genou selon la classification IKDC. Les facteurs predictifs de developpement d’arthrose etudies etaient l’âge, le sexe, l’IMC, le delai traumatisme–chirurgie, le niveau d’activite, les meniscectomies mediales ou laterales, le type de greffe, les chondropathies mediales ou laterales, le positionnement des tunnels, la laxite residuelle. Une analyse univariee et multivariee avec regression logistique a ete realisee. Resultats Le recul moyen etait de 11,9 ± 0,8 ans. Le score IKDC subjectif etait de 83,7 ± 13. A 12 ans, le taux d’arthrose moderee a severe (C ou D IKDC) etait de 19 % (16 % d’arthrose femoro-tibiale mediale, 4 % d’arthrose femoro-tibiale laterale et 2 % d’arthrose femoro-patellaire). Les facteurs pronostiques etaient l’âge a la chirurgie superieur a 34 ans (p Conclusions Cette etude a grande echelle a identifie des facteurs de risque arthrosique qui devraient permettre d’ameliorer l’information des patients sur l’evolution a long terme apres reconstruction du LCA. Niveau de preuve Etude retrospective de cohorte de niveau IV.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to review the indications for and outcomes of high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of patients with chronic knee laxity. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify surgical indications and results of high tibial osteotomy for the treatment of chronic knee laxity. RESULTS: Four distinct situations were identified in which a high tibial osteotomy may be advantageous: (1) anterior laxity with varus osteoarthritis, (2) chronic anterior laxity in the setting of varus with lateral ligamentous laxity, (3) chronic anterior laxity in the setting of a high tibial slope, and (4) chronic posterior laxity or posterolateral corner injury. A total of 24 studies were included in this report, including reports of the treatment of 410 knees as well as several review articles. The most frequently reported indication for that addition of HTO was anterior laxity in the setting of varus OA, which was noted to have good results, minimizing anterior knee laxity and allowing return to sports, while reducing the progression of osteoarthritis. More advanced cases in which lateral structures have also become stretched and incompetent are an excellent indication for HTO, with the need for subsequent lateral procedures dependent on the degree of varus laxity and especially hyperextension that is present. Excessive tibial slope has been identified as a cause of ACL reconstruction failure, and some authors have recommended addressing very high slope in revision cases. In knees with chronic posterior or posterolateral instability, correction of alignment first is generally recommended, with subsequent ligamentous procedures performed when instability persists. CONCLUSIONS: Knees with chronic instability pose a difficult treatment challenge. In all cases, the contribution of coronal plane alignment to varus-valgus knee stability must be carefully considered and addressed prior to ligament surgery. Sagittal plane alignment is also key and must not be overlooked. Such considerations drive the indication for osteotomy as well as the type of osteotomy that is chosen. Level of evidence IV.

Introduction Increasing the femoral offset when performing total hip arthroplasty (THA) theoretically increases the stresses and risks of the stem not integrating itself into bone. But this concept has not been validated for cementless stems; this led us to conduct a retrospective study to determine: (1) the risk factors for the occurrence of symptomatic femoral radiological abnormalities, (2) the incidence of these abnormal radiological findings, (3) the revision rate for aseptic non-integration of a cementless lateralized stem. Hypothesis Young patients with significant femoral canal flare and a small cementless lateralized stem have a higher risk of abnormal osseointegration. Material and methods We analyzed retrospectively 172 consecutive lateralized stems (KHO, Corail™ product line) implanted during primary THA between 2006 and 2012 in 157 patients (mean age 68 years ± 12.6 (20–95), 89% men). Radiographs were used to evaluate osseointegration scores, offset restoration and the Noble index. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed using “symptomatic femoral radiological abnormalities” and “revision for aseptic stem non-integration” as endpoints. Results The mean follow-up was 5.9 years ± 2.7 (range, 2–12.4 years). Being more than 70 years of age (HR = 0.7, 95% CI: [0.3–0.9], P = 0.004) and having a larger stem (HR = 0.6, 95% CI: [0.4–0.9], P = 0.03) were protective against symptomatic femoral radiological abnormalities, while increasing the postoperative femoral offset (HR = 1.1, 95% CI: [1.01–1.2], P = 0.02) was deleterious. The survival free of “symptomatic femoral radiological abnormalities” was 93% (95% CI: 89–97) at 5 years and 84% (95% CI: 75–95) at 8 years. The survival free of “revision for aseptic stem non-integration” was 98% (95% CI: 96.8–100) at 5 years and 97% (95% CI: 95.2–100) at 8 years. Discussion In this study, the risk factors for symptomatic radiological abnormalities were being less than 70 years of age, having a small lateralized stem and restoring a large femoral offset. Lateralized stems used in this study had a 10% rate of symptomatic radiological abnormalities and a 4% rate of revision for aseptic non-integration. Level of evidence IV, retrospective study.

Introduction In cases of chronic anterior laxity, reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can slow the development of osteoarthritis. This study was conducted to determine the overall prevalence of osteoarthritis and to identify the risk factors after ACL reconstruction. Hypothesis Meniscus tears, time from injury to surgery, body mass index (BMI), residual laxity, and cartilage lesions influence the progression towards osteoarthritis. Materials and methods This multicenter, retrospective study on the outcome of cruciate ligaments at 12years of follow-up was conducted within the 2014 SOFCOT Symposium. The cohort included 675arthroscopic reconstructions of the ACL from January 2002 to December 2003. The clinical evaluation included the objective and subjective IKDC score. Osteoarthritis was analyzed on 589 knee X-rays according to the IKDC classification. The predictive factors of osteoarthritis development studied were age, gender, BMI, time from injury to surgery, activity level, medial or lateral meniscectomy, type of graft, medial or lateral chondropathy, tunnel positioning, and residual laxity. Univariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression were performed. Results The mean follow-up was 11.9 ± 0.8years. The subjective IKDC score was 83.7 ± 13. At 12years, the rate of moderate to severe osteoarthritis l (IKDC C or D) was 19% (16% medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, 4% lateral tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, and 2% patellofemoral osteoarthritis). The prognostic factors were age at surgery greater than 34years (P < 0.05), cartilage lesions at surgery (P < 0.05), medial or lateral meniscectomy (P < 0.05), and residual laxity (P < 0.05). Conclusions This large-scale study identified risk factors for osteoarthritis that should improve the information provided to patients on long-term progression after ACL reconstruction. Level of evidence Retrospective cohort study, level IV.

Les ballons intragastriques, dans des indications bien selectionnees, sont un moyen non chirurgical d’obtenir une perte de poids. Ils existent 2 types de ballons, ceux gonfles a l’air et ceux a l’eau. Tous ont le meme effet sur la perte ponderale mais tous n’ont pas la meme securite. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente porteuse, depuis 9 mois, d’un ballon intragastrique type Heliosphere™ (gonfle a l’air) ayant presente une occlusion intestinale sur migration du ballon apres degonflement intempestif. Cette occlusion a necessite une prise en charge chirurgicale. Nous passons en revue la litterature sur la securite des ballons intragastriques, en recherchant quels sont les facteurs favorisant cette migration. L’emploi de ballons gonfles a l’eau doit etre privilegie. La surveillance echographique est possible. En cas de complication entrainant une occlusion, l’approche coelioscopique doit etre utilisee en premiere intention.

Summary Isolated congenital elbow contracture is a rare upper-extremity disorder and there are few data about management of this condition. Authors report their experience after aggressive management of a child with isolated congenital elbow contracture in flexion. Because of total absence of ROM improvement despites physical therapy (ROM 90–120°) and bone deformity, an anterior surgical release of the elbow was performed through an extensive lateral approach, at sixteen months of age. After surgery, this child was treated by three casts at maximal gained extension followed by sequential Turnbuckles splints. After five years of follow-up, the result was excellent with ROM 5–135°, normal function and absence of growth disturbance. The limiting factor of this protocol was excessive traction in elbow extension on the neurovascular structures, especially the radial nerve. This treatment represents an aggressive management with multiple general anaesthesiae, but was found to be a valid option.

Restoring the native hip anatomy increases hip prosthesis survival, whereas increased femoral lateralisation creates high torque stresses that may alter prosthesis fixation. After finding lucent lines around cementless lateralised stems (CorailTM, DePuy Synthes, St Priest, France) in several patients, we evaluated the effects of lateralisation in a large case-series. The objective of our study was to compare lateralised vs standard stems of identical design in terms of radiological osteo-integration and survival. HYPOTHESIS: Lateralised stems, despite being used only when indicated by the anatomical parameters, carry a higher risk of impaired osteo-integration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 807 primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed between 2006 and 2010 in 798 patients with a mean age of 65 ± 14.2 years. Lateralised stems were used in 280 cases (Corail High Offset KHO, n = 169; and Corail coxa vara KLA, n = 111 cases) and standard stems in 527 cases (Corail KA). Mean follow-up was 2.3 years (range, 1-7 years). The clinical evaluation included determination of the Postel-Merle d'Aubigné (PMA) score. Bone fixation and stability of the implants were assessed by determining the Engh and Massin score and the ARA score on the radiographs at last follow-up. Femoral, acetabular and global offset values were determined before and after THA. Nobles's Canal Flare Index was computed. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with surgical revision for aseptic loosening as the end-point. RESULTS: The PMA score improved from 12 (10-15) pre-operatively to 17.7 (14-18) (P < 0.05). After THA, in the lateralised stem group, femoral offset was restored in 217 (77%) hips and the mean change vs the pre-operative offset value was -2 mm; in the standard stem group, femoral offset was restored in 440 (83.5%) hips and the mean change was +1 mm. The Engh and Massin score values were similar in the standard stem and lateralised stem groups (24.4 ± 2.2 and 22.6 ± 2.4, respectively, NS). Revision for aseptic loosening was required in 5 patients with lateralised stems (3 KHO and 2 KLA) versus none of the patients with standard stems. There were no cases of excessive femoral offset and the mean change in offset was -2.3mm (-5.3 to -1.1). Noble's index was increased (4.27 ± 0.5 for the loosened lateralised stems, 3.65 ± 0.8 for the well-fixed lateralised stems and 3.82 ± 0.6 for the standard stems), with no significant difference across groups. Overall survival after 3.5 years of follow-up was 94.6% (95% confidence interval, 88.4-100%) with lateralised stems and 100% with standard stems (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The risk of aseptic loosening was significantly higher with the lateralised stem (5/280, 1.8%) than with the standard stem (n = 0). Our findings indicate a need for careful preparation to obtain primary fixation of lateralised stems. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, retrospective case-control study.

SummaryIsolated congenital elbow contracture is a rare upper-extremity disorder and there are few data about management of this condition. Authors report their experience after aggressive management of children with isolated congenital elbow contracture in flexion. Because of total absence of range of motion (ROM) improvement despites physical therapy (ROM 90–120°) and bone deformity, an anterior surgical release of the elbow was performed through an extensive lateral approach, at sixteen months of age. After surgery, this child was treated by three casts at maximal gained extension followed by sequential Turnbuckles splints. After five years of follow-up, the result was excellent with ROM 5–135°, normal function and absence of growth disturbance. The limiting factor of this protocol was excessive traction in elbow extension on the neurovascular structures, especially the radial nerve. This treatment represents an aggressive management with multiple general anaesthesia, but was found to be a valid option.