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Coloured minks are widespread – more than 200 colour variations in hair colour are known. Currently, breeding in fur farming continues. One of the most recent breeding achievements is the albino pastel mink. An important characteristic of the new breed is the body size and growth of the organism during the postnatal period, which does not occur evenly but goes through certain phases. In different periods of growth, the organism requires appropriate conditions, in the presence of which further development occurs. As a result of studies of mink growth from birth to adulthood, data necessary for the correct organization of measures for rearing and feeding the animals are accumulated. When analysing the growth dynamics of young animals, it has been established that sexual dimorphism in body weight of males and females of the albino-pastel genotype is absent at one day of age. The most intensive increase in body weight in female and male albino-pastel minks occurs from day 50 to day 80. The increase in body weight continues after 3–4 months of life, with males more intense than females.

The study presents the results of many years of breeding work on the creation of a new breed of sable – «Saltykovskaya silver». The breed is consolidated in color and hair quality. To date, the level of selection on the basis of gray hair is assessed as stabilizing. The live weight of females of the main herd is 1,2 kg, males 1,9–2,3 kg. The average values of fertility and yield of puppies in females of the breed «Saltykovskaya Silver» are at the level of the highest values for the species. The stability of reproduction indicators is shown both according to the data of safely whelping females and indicators of the average number of puppies per main female over a number of years. The new breed will improve the competitiveness of domestic fur in international markets.

Introduction. Environmental factors and their seasonal fluctuations have been shown to influence human health. Birth is one of the most critical periods of human development. Newborns are very sensitive to environmental factors. Our aim was to study associations between selected environmental factors and the first- and the fifth minute Apgar scores in Barnaul, Altay region. Method. Data on Apgar scores for all infants born in Maternity home N 2 in Barnaul in 1998 and 2014 were analyzed. Barometric pressure, the pressure gradient, Wolf number, 10.7 cm Solar flux, geomagnetic AP-index were used as independent variables. Associations were assessed using linear regression models. Regression coefficients, coefficient of determination (R2) and significance levels (P) were calculated. Results. We found positive associations between Apgar scores and AP geomagnetic index and indicators of solar activity. At the same time no associations between barometric pressure and newborns' Apgar scores were observed. Conclusions. Our findings are congruent with the evidence on the associations between Solar activity and human health indices. However, the effects were rather weak suggesting more important role of the endogenic factors influencing late stages of pregnancy.

The theories developed to explain the beginning of labor are usually considered outside the possible exogenous influence. In the literature, there are prerequisites for the study of the impact of meteorological factors on the initiation of delivery. The paper presents data on the dependence of the birth rate on meteorological environmental factors (atmospheric pressure, its gradient, temperature and humidity, wind speed) in a temperate continental climate of Western Siberia (Barnaul). The data recorded during 1998 (1,154 data) and within the climatic seasons are analyzed. For the purpose of verification of the received regularities, the repeated analysis is carried out on the material of data of 2014 (2145 data) on the basis that unlike a number of years which divided 1998 and 2014, environmental factors were the closest and typical for Barnaul climate. Conclusions were made on the results of the two replications based on these 1998 and 2014. With the help of dispersion analysis, it is shown that the key factor affecting the rate of delivery is the daily drop in atmospheric pressure in the direction of its reduction. Peculiarities of influence of meteorological factors on the frequency of births in different climatic seasons of the year. In particular, it was found that in the winter climatic period the number of births is most affected by meteorological factors, which include air temperature, atmospheric pressure, baric trend, air humidity. Possible mechanisms of observed phenomena are analyzed. It is assumed that one of the possible mechanisms of influence on the initiation of labor can be stressful corticotrophin-releasing secretion of hypothalamic factors, which, connected to the placental hormone, which is considered the "molecular clock" of pregnancy, its concentration increases and exceeds a certain threshold acts as a trigger to run the process of delivery ( Stefano et al., 2015). The second, the most probable factor influencing childbirth may be short-term changes in atmospheric pressure: it is possible the direct mechanical action of external barometric shifts on the volume of internal closed air-containing cavities, in particular, gas bubbles in the intestine, the swelling of which, when the atmospheric pressure decreases, can increase the pressure in the fetal bubble.

In order to verify possible environmental predictors of labor onset in severely continental climate by means of correlation, multi regression and dispersion analysis we studied associations between daily number of births, gestational length and meteorological factors during the year of 1998 in Barnaul city, south-western Siberia. The medical records of 1 154 pregnant women aged 15-43 who gave births to single fetuses of both sexes were analyzed. The weak correlations were stated between atmospheric temperature, pressure gradient and daily number of births: its daily frequency grew in days with high temperature and sharp decrease of pressure by means of labor with decreased gestation length especially in January and February, the period of Siberian anticyclone. No associations were found with relative air humidity, wind velocity, and oxygen air concentration. The major role of atmospheric pressure was suggested among the external factors additionally influencing internal causes for labor initiation. Possible physiological mechanisms of pressure influences on human body are discussed.

Influence of the lunar cycles on human activity and functional state remains a subject of debate. Research objective: identification of aggression indicators with use of the Bass-Darky method in individuals who were in prison in the dynamics of a lunar cycle. 298 people have been examined. One of problems of work - check of a hypothesis that actual lunar rhythms don't influence human state and the result of such influence is their coincidence with the cycles of a geo-heliophysical origin. Use of the moving average method and the spline method allowed to obtain curves of the aggression indicators during the lunar cycles and in their different quarters. It has been established that just before the full Moon, the indicators of indirect aggression, irritability, suspiciousness and sense of guilt had the maximum values, during the full Moon, the level of verbal aggression was the highest, after the full Moon period, the values of physical aggression were the highest. Sensitivity and negativism increased in the beginning of the II and IV quarters of the Moon. The second quarter of the Moon was a period of a synchronous increase of all aggression indicators except for physical aggression which was maximum in the IV quarter. The majority of the aggression indicators correlated with the dynamics of the Kr-index of the geomagnetic field recorded during the lunar month with a delay log 6-8 days, and for the indicator of physical aggression - with an advance of 2 days.

A relative constancy of the acrophases of human circadian rhythms of autonomic functions was studied. Quantitative assessment was performed for interdaily, interindividual, intragroup, intraindividual, and total changes in the acrophases of the circadian rhythms of 22 parameters of hemodynamics, heart rate control, thermal status, and salivary electrolyte levels under comfortable environmental conditions and during early adaptation to high-altitude hypoxic and hot desert conditions. A biological interpretation was given for different criteria of changes in the acrophases. Phase-constant and phase-shifting circadian rhythms were determined.

The chronostructural organization of the physiological cycles of heat exchange, cardiac activity, blood pressure, and the urinary and salivary content of essential electrolytes in humans has been studied under normal environmental conditions and upon exposure to altitudinal hypoxia or hyperthermia. The role of external and internal factors influencing the mutual concordance of the daily rhythms of essential physiological functions—environmental temperature, the cortisol level, and the temperamental characteristics—is considered.

The problem of differential induction profiling above an anomalous object is solved. It is shown that differential profiling enables monitoring of how the boundaries of the zones where water drains through the body of a dam change with time.

This article represents the particularities of people's blood and bone marrow referent parameters during aging. On the basis of 56 blood parameters of apparently healthy people a mathematical model of blood's morphofunctional state during physical aging was created. The following integral changes have been discovered: in age group of 35-59 years the integral indicator amounts to 0.05 +/- 0.0008, it approaches the benchmark in elderly age (0.02 +/- 0.0001) and becomes negative with people of gerontic age (-0.06 +/- 0.0003). On the basis of 14 selected blood parameters a calculation of referent integral indicators of blood state for healthy people of various age groups was performed, which serve as standards in clinical practice. Out of 70 peripheral blood cells' indicators the integral indicators for patients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia were calculated. The organism reacts to pneumonia most appropriately at the age of 22-34 years (integral indicator amounts to -0.0386). In patients of 35-59 years the integral indicator descends closer to zero mark (-0.0236), pointing to minor reaction to inflammation. Patients over 60 years of age show the biggest divergence of integral indicator from the benchmark (-0.0613), which points to an inadequate reaction of the organism to inflammation in this age. Based on discriminant analysis of 80 indicators (clinical blood analysis, cytograms, cardiac beat count, breath count, C-reactive protein) the most informatory indicators used to create the algorithm for determination of pneumonia severity were chosen.

The effect of water glass with different silica moduli on the properties of slips is investigated. It is found that as the silica modulus increases, the efficiency of water glass as a liquefying agent grows. It is demonstrated that water glass - sodium tripolyphosphate and water glass - sodium polyacrylate as complex electrolytes are more efficient than each electrolyte separately. The highest drying rate is observed in the slip containing sodium polyacrylate and the lowest rate in the slip with sodium tripolyphosphate.

The aim of the research was to study blood responses to pneumonia in patients of different age and sex. The subjects of the study were 116 patients with extrahospital bacterial pneumonia (80 men and 36 women). The patients were divided into three age groups: 18 to 44 years, 45 to 59 years, and 60 to 74 years. Almost healthy 16 men and almost healthy 14 women have made the control groups. Computer morphometry of leukocytes of peripheral blood was made to all patients. Various reaction of lymphocytes on a pneumonia in men and women of young and middle age was revealed. Indirect evidences of decrease in level of lymphocytes activation in women of young and middle age at pneumonia development were received. The sizes of lymphocytes in elderly patients with pneumonia do not change comparing with the control groups. Sexual differences in reaction of monocytes to pneumonia are not present. The sizes of monocytes in patients with pneumonia of all age groups decrease at the expense of kernels, which indicate to their accelerated manufacture in a marrow. Absence of increase in cytoplasm to nucleus ratio index in elderly patients testifies a smaller degree of monocytes activation in this group of patients. The trend to reduction of the sizes of neutrophiles speaks of the accelerated division of predecessors' of mature neutrophiles. The increase in cytoplasm to nucleus ratio index of neutrophiles in women with pneumonia of young and middle age comparing with the control group specifies to the big degree of activation of neutrophiles link in these groups.

The aim of the research was to study blood responses to inflammatory processes in patients of different ages. The subjects of the study were 31 healthy persons and 198 patients, 116 of whom had pneumonia and 82 had chronic pyelonephritis. The patients were divided into three age groups: 16 to 39 years, 40 to 59 years, and older than 60 years. The following parameters were calculated on the basis of peripheral blood leukocyte composition and ESR: leukocyte intoxication index (LII), lymphocyte index (LymI), leukocyte shift index (LSI), leukocyte index (LI), leukocyte to ESR ratio index (LESRRI), lymphocyte-granulocyte index (LGI), total index (TI), neutrophile to lymphocyte ratio index (NLymRI), neutrophile to monocyte ratio index (NMRI), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio index (LMRI). The majority of the indexes (LII, LymI, LSI, LI, LESRRI, LGI, and LMRI) in acute inflammation processes and some of them (LESRRI, NLymRI, and LMRI) in chronic inflammation altered significantly in all the age groups, which demonstrated that compensatory and adaptive mechanisms remained preserved in the elderly. The were age-dependent differences in blood responses to inflammation: LymI, LI, and LGI were significantly lower in the elderly with chronic pyelonephritis, whereas in Groups 1 and 2 there were no changes; NMRI was decreased in Groups 1 and 2 in chronic pyelonephritis and did not differ from the elderly controls. In acute inflammation, there were no significant differences from the controls in NlymRI in Group 3, while this parameter in Groups 1 and 2 differ from that in the controls. Thus, hematological indices make it possible to assess the work of effectory mechanisms of the immune system, the degree of their compensation in patients belonging to different age groups.

The influence of a C3 substituent on the direction of bromination of estra-1,3,5 (10)-trien-17-one is discussed: Estrone and its methyl ether give mainly derivatives bromine-substituted in ring A, while the bromination of estrone acetate leads to the production of 16-mono- and 16,16,dibromo-substituted estrones.

In the reduction of mestranol acetate with metals in liquid ammonia, as well as the reduction of ring A and the splitting out of the acetoxy group, the addition of hydrogen to C17 takes place and the main products are the 17-vinyl and 17-ethyl derivatives (III) and (VII), respectively. Under conditions favoring the saponification of the acetate, the reduction product is the 17-ethylidene derivative (VIII).

The bromination of estrone acetate (Ia) leads to a mixture of acetates of 16α-bromo-16β-bromo-, and 16,16-dibromoestrone (IIa, IIIa, and IVa) in a ratio of 63:28:9. On treatment with an aqueous methanolic solution of potash, depending on the conditions, a mixture of (IIa) and (IIIa) gives 3,16α-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one (V) or 3,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-16-one (VI). When 5 g of (Ia) was brominated with 2.8 g of Br2 in chloroform and the products were chromatographed on silica gel, 0.36 g of (IVa), C20H22Br2O3, mp 165–166°C (from ether) 0.37 g of (IIIa), mp 169–170.5°C, 4.6 g of a mixture of (IIa) and (IIIa), 30 mg of (Ia) and 0.2 g of a mixture of 16α- and 16β-bromoestrones was obtained. The action of potash on a mixture of (IIa) and (IIIa) in aqueous MeOH at 20°C led to the epimerization of the (IIa) into (IIIa) and then the conversion of the latter into (V) with mp 203.5–206°C; diacetate with mp 172–173°C (acetone-ethanol). Similarly, but with heating (98°C, 3 h), a mixture of (IIa) and (IIIa) was converted into (VI), with mp 234–236°C. Characteristics of the IR and PMR spectra of the compounds obtained are given.