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Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves against methotrexate renal histology in albino rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) male albino rats of mean weight 130 g were used for this study. The animals for the study were grouped into five (5) of six (6) rats each. Group A received feed and water only and Group B was induced with methotrexate without treatment. Groups (C and D) were orally given 250 mg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of leaves extract, and group E was orally given the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 28 days. All the rats used in this study were initially subjected to renal damage using 0.5 ml/kg of methotrexate except the normal control group. The rats were sacrificed after 28 days, and the kidney were carefully dissected from the abdominal region. They were fixed in normal saline for 72 hours and sliced into a thickness of 2.1mm samples of and processed for histopathological examination. Results: The photomicrographs result showed that in group A, (normal control group) evenly distributed glomeruli of smaller size, with normal mesangial cellularity. In group B, (positive control group) there is a significant pathology and mild interstitial inflammation. In groups (C and D) (tests group that received 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt of the extract) there is no significant pathology, in group E, there is no significant pathology. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the leaves extract may have exerted nephroprotective effects in albino rats, and may also be used pharmacologically in the management of organ toxicity.

Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the invivo antioxidant effects of coconut (Cocos nucifera) water extract in wistar albino rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) male wistar albino rats of mean weight 128 g were used for the study. The animals for the study were grouped into five (5) of six (6) rats each. Group 1 served as the normal control group that received feed and water only while groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 served as the test groups that were orally given 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml, and 40 ml of the coconut water extract for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed after 28 days and the blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: From the result obtained there is a significant increase (p< 0.05) between the normal control group (group 1) and the test group (group 2) that received 20 ml of the coconut water extract for MDA. There is a significant increase (p< 0.05) between the normal control group (group 1) and the test groups (groups 2 and 5) that received 10 ml and 50 ml of the coconut water extract for SOD. Also, there is a significant increase (p< 0.05) between the normal control group (group 1) and the test groups (groups 2, 3 and 4) that received 20 ml, 30 ml and 40 ml of the coconut water extract for Catalase. For GSH and Vitamin C, there is a significant increase (p< 0.05) between the normal control group (group 1) and the test groups (groups 2, 3, 4 and 5) that were orally given 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml and 40 ml of the coconut water extract. Conclusion: The present investigation showed that the coconut water extract increased antioxidant properties in wistar albino rats and may also be used pharmacologically in the treatment of diseases implicated by free radicals.

Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves against methotrexate renal damage in albino rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) male albino rats of mean weight 130 g were used for this study. The animals for the study were grouped into five (5) of six (6) rats each. Group A (normal control) received feed and water only and Group B (positive control) was induced with methotrexate without treatment. Test groups (C and D) were orally given 250 mg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of leaves extract, and group E was orally given the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 14 days. All the rats used in this study were initially subjected to renal damage using 0.5 ml/kg of methotrexate except the normal control group. The rats were sacrificed after 14 days and the blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, Results: From the result obtained, there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in the groups that received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of the plant extract in (Urea, Creatinine and Na+), and a significant increase (p< 0.05) in K+ and Cl-. Also there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in (Urea, Creatinine, and Na+) in comparison with the control groups and the group that received the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt), and a significant increase (p< 0.05) in (K+ and Na+). Conclusion: The study indicates that the methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves may have exerted renal functioning effects in albino rats, and may also be used pharmacologically in the management of organ toxicity.

Standard procedures were used to investigate proximate, mineral, amylose content, gelatinization temperature and phytochemical composition of Dioscorea dumetorum (Both cooked and fresh samples). Significant increase (p< 0.05) of protein, fats and oil, moisture and crude fibre contents was observed in the fresh sample as against cooked sample. A value of (43.80%) was recorded in the cooked sample while in the fresh sample the carbohydrate value was 23.15%. There is a significant increase (p< 0.05) of Fe, Mg, Na and P concentration of the fresh sample compared with the cooked sample. Inversely, significant decrease (p> 0.05) of, Mn, Ca. and K contents in the cooked sample was recorded in comparison with the fresh plant sample. Gelatinization temperature increased significantly (p< 0.05) in the cooked sample as against fresh. Non- significant increase (p> 0.05) of the amylose content was documented in the fresh sample compared with cooked sample. Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloid, saponin glycosides were steadily present, flavonoid, tannin and phenol were moderately present in the cooked sample. In the same vein, similar observation was made in the fresh sample. Steroids were not detected in both samples. Medicinal use of the tuber is hereby justified by the results and suggests it could contribute to the nutrition of man and animals. It could be recommended to diabetic patients and obedience owning to its low starch contents.