Search

BACKGROUND: With increased emphasis of world community on climat change problems automotive industry liders shift stress on the design and mass production of vehicles equipped with electric power plants. The battery as the most important and crucial part of any vehicle, in turn needs a detailed analysis on the stage of its digital prototype design. Accurate prediction for the designed battery performance and its real-time follow-up are possible only at using the adequate mathematical model of the battery. AIMS: To study the existant simulating models for a lithiumion battery operation, to compair their results with the expaeriment data and to increase accuracy using the designed dynamic model considering the hysteresis processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Modeling is fulfilled on the base of Matlab programme and using Simcenter Amesim simulation platform, that allowed to assemble the virtual stand for lithium-ion cell operation with the electric storage library components. RESULTS: Cell operation model is created in Amesim, the basic principles for electrothermal modeling of an accumulator element considering the hysteresis. Script driven simulating the models in Amesim and Matlab software was carried out for the real electric engine cell loading at city movement. Model results have being compared with experimental data. CONCLUSIONS: Practical value of the study is possibility of using the designed mathematical model for battery control system developement and for optimization of electromobile power equipment operation for account of the best quality of the models used.

The article presents an analysis of the use of the token "volunteer" in the Ukrainian electronic media and the discourse of social networks. The specifics of the semantic structure of the token and its contextual environment are determined. A set of semantic components present in the token "volunteer" in media and network discourses is presented. The focus was on the token "volunteer", the meaning of which has expanded under the influence of extralingual factors, in particular in the media and social networks. It has been proved that in media discourse and social networks peripheral semantics falls into the nuclear part of meaning – "help", "gratuitousness", "gratitude", "voluntariness". In social networks, the periphery is significantly expanded through the addition of "assistance", "patriotism", "help".

Port tugs bring large vessels into the port and take them out of the port, assist them during mooring and unmooring, move vessels from one mooring to another, tilt vessels, tow port barges, transshipment mechanisms, dredgers and other floating objects. Calculation and evaluation methods of the optimal request for tugs bollard pull port operations, are very important in order to guarantee the navigational safety of the port and ships during the main ship operations in the port. The most dangerous situations are situations of sudden failure of the power plant when maneuvering a vessel in the confined waters of ports, when tugboats become the only means of control that can prevent an accident. This is observed when the vessel moves in an area with hazardous sections of the waterway, calls into and out of the port, as well as when performing mooring operations. Line and / or port pilots, as well as tugs for escorting, escorting or when performing mooring operations of the vessel, are additionally involved in the process of navigating the vessel. In foreign ports, there are also very tense conditions in command management due to language barriers and the need for synergistic interaction of individual independent ship crews without prior preparation for a responsible mission. In this paper done a focus to improve tug possibilities and decrease navigational risks in port areas by method of balance handling forces. Such decrease in risks at ports is important issue to overcome, since the correct and proper usage of port tugs could highly improve the situation there. Keywords: tugs, emergency situation, port maneuvering, energy balance of the control force.

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме на современном этапе развития образования тема формирования позитивных установок к различным видам труда и творчества средствами ранней профориентации является одной из самых актуальных. Возможность ребенка реализовать свои позитивные установки в ходе взаимодействия со своим ближайшим социальным окружением способствует тому, чтобы взрослые и другие дети видели в нем личность.

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме развития ранней профориентации дошкольников. Авторами представлена система работы по формированию представлений у детей дошкольного возраста профессий посредством использования различных методов и форм работы.

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме – проблеме развития индивидуализации личности ребенка: активности, инициативы, самостоятельности. В ней представлена актуальность использования в образовательной деятельности технологии «План – дело – анализ». Будет полезна педагогам и психологам ДОУ.

Introduction. Myocarditis is known to occur in 5–25 % of COVID-19 cases and is associated with increased mortality. According to studies, even a mild course of COVID-19 is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Possible mechanisms of myocarditis are a combination of direct viral damage to the myocardium and the human immune response to the affected myocardium. Along with acute manifestations, as fulminant myocarditis, COVID-19 may also be associated with an increased risk of long-term cardiovascular complications. Case report and discussion. The article presents a case of myocarditis that developed five weeks after active coronovirus infection in patient I., 47 years old, Ukraine, Kyiv. She described such symptoms as palpitations, shortness of breath, fever, general malaise. According to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart: signs of focal myocarditis; according to laboratory tests, an increase in the level of acute phase indicators; according to Holter monitoring of the electrocardiogram (HM ECG) – AV blockade of the II degree (Mobitz II). The patient was prescribed : eplerinone, bisoprolol fumorate, rivaroxaban, trimetazidine. After four months of treatment, the condition of the patient gradually improved. Positive dynamics was revealed according to HM ECG and MRI of the heart. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with long-term consequences of coronavirus infection – focal myocarditis. Conclusions. Coronavirus infection causes myocardial damage with the development of myocarditis. Myocarditis can develop both in the acute period of the disease and in the long term. Scientists and physicians should pay attention to the possible consequences of COVID-19 from the first contact with the patient, and conduct long-term follow-up of patients in the long term.

Background. Despite the significant achievements of clinical medicine in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease, the levels of morbidity, disability and mortality among the population of Ukraine from this pathology remain consistently high. The purpose. To improve the treatment of patients with stable angina by studying the effect of L-arginine on the balance of essential amino acids in blood plasma. Material and methods. It was examined 67 patients with stable angina. They were divided into two groups: group Ipatients received antianginal basic therapy, group II patients received basic antianginal therapy and L-arginine. The amino acid spectrum of patients' blood plasma was studied by ion-exchange liquid column chromatography, using an automatic amino acid analyzer T-339 Microtechna (Czech Republic, Prague). Results and discussion. In patients with stable angina who received basic therapy and L-arginine, in contrast to patients who received only basic therapy, plasma levels of arginine became normalized, which probably contributes to the synthesis of NO. The level of valine, leucine and isoleucine, which provide the synthesis of acyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, became also normalized. Conclusion. Administration of L-arginine to patients with stable angina together with antianginal therapy helps to correct plasma amino acid imbalances, which is likely to effectively affect the course of the disease and prognosis.

We have observed Bloch oscillations of a ${}^{4}{\text{He}}^{*}$ Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice at 1557.3 nm. Due to its low mass, metastable helium was efficiently accelerated orders of magnitude faster than demonstrated with other atoms. In a horizontal lattice, we could transfer a total of $800\ensuremath{\hbar}k$ of momentum by shuttling the atomic cloud back and forth 50 times between the $4\ensuremath{\hbar}k$ and $\ensuremath{-}4\ensuremath{\hbar}k$ momentum states with an efficiency of over 99% per Bloch cycle. In a vertical lattice, gravity-induced Bloch oscillations were demonstrated, from which the local gravitational acceleration was derived with a statistical uncertainty of $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$. A clear advantage of ${\text{He}}^{*}$ over other atoms is that it can be detected with a microchannel plate detector with near unity efficiency, and this enabled observation of Bloch oscillations up to 12 s even though the number of atoms decreased by three orders of magnitude. These results establish ${\text{He}}^{*}$ as a promising candidate for future precision measurements with atom interferometry.

The concept of passivity has been conceived to set bounds on the evolution of microscopic systems initialized in thermal states. We experimentally demonstrate the utility of two frameworks, global passivity and passivity deformation, for the detection of coupling to a hidden environment. We employ a trapped-ion quantum processor, where system qubits undergoing unitary evolution may optionally be coupled to an unobserved environment qubit, resulting in a heat leak. Evaluating the measurement data from the system qubits only, we show that global passivity can verify the presence of a heat leak, which is not detectable by a microscopic equivalent of the second law of thermodynamics. Furthermore, we experimentally show that passivity deformation allows for even more sensitive detection of heat leaks, as compared to global passivity, and detect a heat leak with an error margin of 5.3 standard deviations, in a scenario where other tests fail.

A complex of models for optimizing the design and operation modes of an automotive thermoelectric generator is developed within the proposed approach taking into account the influence of hydraulic resistance of the generator on the internal combustion engine. Several designs of generators for converting the thermal energy of exhaust gases (EGs) of internal combustion engines into electricity due to the Seebeck effect in semiconductor elements, which have different geometries of the continuous-flow part of the generator with different hydraulic resistances, are considered. Models for calculating the thermoelectric elements, gas heat exchanger, and automotive engine are considered jointly. Simulation is performed using the example of a VAZ-21126 engine, which demonstrated that up to 500 W of electric power can be obtained using semiconductor thermoelectric elements based on germanium and lead tellurides.

The catalytic reduction of solketal ((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol) over bifunctional heterogeneous palladium catalysts is proposed as an alternative to the synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers by the etherification of glycerol. The direct synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers from isopropanol and glycerol requires severe conditions (T=130–150 °C, p(H2)=20–35 bar) and a large excess of isopropanol to reach a considerable yield. The main reaction products in the catalytic reduction of solketal are glycerol mono- and di-isopropyl ethers and solketal isopropyl ether. Solketal conversion over Al-HMS-supported palladium catalysts (T=120 °C and p(H2)=20 bar) affords a mixture of ethers with a high degree of conversion (87 %), 78 % selectivity, and excellent regioselectivity between isomeric ethers. Zeolite-BEA-supported palladium catalysts also exhibit high activity but much lower selectivity because of intense acetone aldol condensation. The effects of Si/Al ratios in BEA zeolites and Al-HMS aluminosilicates and the amounts of supported palladium (1 and 2 wt %) on the properties of the catalysts at different reaction temperatures and hydrogen pressures are considered.

The relevance of applying the methods of energy recovery from exhaust gases is substantiated. The principle of operation of a thermoelectric generator is described, the variant of its design is proposed, and the efficiency of various design methods of heat exchange intensification is compared. Designs are compared with a baseline configuration without heat transfer intensifiers in terms of coefficients of gas dynamic resistance ξ/ξ0 and the ratio of dimensionless criteria Nu/Nu0. The results of comparative analysis have proved the applicability of the methods of heat exchange intensification in the design of thermoelectric generators of various vehicles.

A promising new way of direct conversion of the heat of piston engine exhaust gases into electric energy is investigated. An original design of a thermoelectric converter with various surface reliefs (smooth, spherical peaks, spherical dimples) is developed. The engine operation and the flow in the heat-exchanger of the thermoelectric generator are modeled. Based on the results of 3D modeling of convective heat transfer, it has been determined that the surface with heat transfer intensifiers in the form of spherical dimples is the most efficient.

This paper proposes using a new composition of the metal polymer compound to joint heat exchanger plates. This composition makes it possible to improve the factors of plate junction, such as the cost, safety, efficiency, and rate of the junction procedure. We consider the benefits and drawbacks of the two main ways to joint metal plates of brazed steel plate heat exchangers (BPHE), namely, copper brazing and laser beam welding; propose to joint plates using a metal polymer compound consisting of the metal powder of steel 316L and binding agents; show the metal polymer compound production process; provide the results of the component mixing process depending on the parameters, such as duration and rate of mixing; as well as present the resulting density of the specimens made of the metal polymer compound, depending on the mixing conditions.

The dynamics of changes in the parameters of the surface and core body temperature under the systematic impact of ultra-low temperature is described in this article. As a source of ultra-low temperature was used (Cryo Therapy Chamber) Zimmer Medizin Systeme firm Zimmer Electromedizin (Germany) (-110 degrees C). Surface and internal body temperature was measured by infrared thermometer immediately before visiting cryochamber and immediately after exiting. In the study conducted 47,464 measurements of body temperature. It was established that the internal temperature of the human body under the influence of ultra-low temperatures in the proposed mode of exposure remains constant, and the surface temperature of the body reduces by an average of 11.57 degrees C. The time frame stabilization of adaptive processes of thermoregulation under the systematic impact of ultra-low temperature was defined in the study.

An optimal redundancy problem is considered as a stochastic optimization problem. The mean lifetime of a network is maximized by the stochastic branch and bound algorithm. To obtain (stochastic) estimates of branches, use is made of stochastic tangent minorants and majorants of the objective functional, interchange relaxation (permutation of maximization and expectation operations), and multiple solution of auxiliary dynamic programming problems.

Generalizations of the branch and bound method and of the Piyavskii method for solution of stochastic global optimization problems are considered. These methods employ the concept of a tangent minorant of an objective function as a source of global information about the function. Calculus of tangent minorants is developed.