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We here study the multi-band properties of a kiloparsec-size superbubble in the late-type spiral galaxy NGC628. The superbubble is the largest of many holes seen in the early release images using JWST/MIRI filters that trace the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions. The superbubble is located in the interarm region ~3 kpc from the galactic center in the south-east direction. The shell surrounding the superbubble is detected in HI, CO, and Halpha with an expansion velocity of 12 km/s, and contains as much as 2x10^7 Msun of mass in gas that is mostly in molecular form. We find a clear excess of blue, bright stars inside the bubble as compared to the surrounding disk on the HST/ACS images. These excess blue, bright stars are part of a stellar population of 10^5 Msun mass that is formed over the last 50 Myr in different star formation episodes, as determined from an analysis of color-magnitude diagrams using a Bayesian technique. The mechanical power injected by the massive stars of these populations is sufficient to provide the energy necessary for the expansion of the shell gas. Slow and steady, rather than violent, injection of energy is probably the reason for the maintenance of the shell structure over the kiloparsec scale. The expanding shell is currently the site for triggered star formation as inferred from the JWST 21 micron (F2100W filter) and the Halpha images., Comment: 18 pages, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Moisture transport during food drying can be phenomenologically described by Fick’s second law and by the so-called anomalous diffusion model. However, in the literature, many studies have shown the extensive use of empirical/semiempirical models (EMs/SEMs) to adjust experimental data for the drying of thin-layer foods. This research aims to perform a critical analysis of the most commonly used EMs/SEMs and compare them with Fick’s second law and an anomalous diffusion model using two different sets of hot-air drying data. Two waste byproducts from the food industry, spent coffee grounds and passion fruit peels, were selected for analysis. The selected EMs/SEMs were found to be mathematically interrelated (i.e., some are a subset of others), and their appropriateness was incorrectly justified mainly by their statistical goodness-of-fit. As shown, it is highly recommended that researchers start analyzing drying data with phenomenological models. The extensive use of EMs and SEMs can be replaced by the anomalous diffusion model, which has a high capacity to adjust empirical data and a sound phenomenological description of the process.

The Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy IRAS17020+4544 is one of the few AGN where a galaxy-scale energy-conserving outflow was revealed. This paper reports on NOEMA observations addressed to constrain the spatial scale of the CO emission in outflow. The molecular outflowing gas is resolved in five components tracing approaching and receding gas, all located at a distance of 2-3~kpc on the West and East side of the active nucleus. This high velocity gas (up to v_out=~1900 km/s) is not coincident with the rotation pattern of the CO gas in the host galaxy disk. The estimated mass outflow rate shows that with a global mass output of $\dot{M}_{H_2}$=~139$\pm$20$~M_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$, this powerful galaxy-scale outflow is consistent with the wind conserving its energy, and with a momentum rate boost of a factor of ~30 compared to the momentum rate of the nuclear X-ray wind. Preliminary results from ancillary X-ray (Chandra) and radio images (e-MERLIN) are reported. While the nature of the radio source is not conclusive, the Chandra image may tentatively trace extended emission, as expected by an expanding bubble of hot X-ray gas. The outcome of the NOEMA analysis and of past and ongoing publications dedicated to the description of the outflow multi-band phenomenology in IRAS17020+4544 concur to provide compelling reasons to postulate that an outflow shocking with the galaxy interstellar medium is driving the multi-phase wind in this peculiar AGN., Accepted for publication on MNRAS, 17 pages, 7 figures

We present a spatially resolved spectroscopic study for the metal poor H II galaxy J084220+115000 using MEGARA Integral Field Unit observations at the Gran Telescopio Canarias. We estimated the gas metallicity using the direct method for oxygen, nitrogen, and helium and found a mean value of 12 + log (O/H) = 8.03 ± 0.06, and integrated electron density and temperature of ∼161 cm−3 and ∼15400 K, respectively. The metallicity distribution shows a large range of Δ(O/H) = 0.72 dex between the minimum and maximum (7.69 ± 0.06 and 8.42 ± 0.05) values, unusual in a dwarf star-forming galaxy. We derived an integrated log (N/O) ratio of −1.51 ± 0.05 and found that both N/O and O/H correspond to a primary production of metals. Spatially resolved maps indicate that the gas appears to be photoionized by massive stars according to the diagnostic line ratios. Between the possible mechanisms to explain the starburst activity and the large variation of oxygen abundance in this galaxy, our data support a possible scenario where we are witnessing an ongoing interaction triggering multiple star-forming regions localized in two dominant clumps. © 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society., DFA work is funded by a Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, Mexico) grant through project A1-S-22784. This publication is based on data obtained with the MEGARA instrument at the GTC, installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, in the island of La Palma. MEGARA has been built by a Consortium led by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) and that also includes the Instituto de Astrofísica, Optica y Electrónica (INAOE, Mexico), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC, Spain), and the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain). This work is based on data obtained with the MEGARA instrument, funded by European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), through the Programa Operativo Canarias FEDER 2014–2020. YDM thanks CONACYT for the research grant CB-A1-S-25070 and DRG for the research grant CB-A1-S-22784 from which the postdoctoral grant that supported DFA was obtained. RC also thanks CONACyT for the research grant CF2022-320152. RA acknowledges support from ANID Fondecyt Regular 1202007. ALGM acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project PID2019-107408GB-C43 (ESTALLIDOS), and from Gobierno de Canarias through EU FEDER funding, project PID2020010050. JMA acknowledges the support of the Viera y Clavijo Senior program funded by ACIISI and ULL. JIP acknowledges financial support from projects Estallidos6 AYA2016-79724-C4 (Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad), Estallidos7 PID2019-107408GB-C44 (Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion), grant P18-FR-2664 (Junta de Andalucía), and grant SEV-2017-0709 ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa Program’ (State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes anthracnose in a large number of crops. Synthetic fungicides are employed to prevent this disease, even though their effectiveness and safety is questionable. Thus, effective and innocuous antifungal compounds are proposed as natural alternatives against anthracnose. The hexane fraction of Vitex mollis pulp (HF-VM) reduces anthracnose incidence in papaya fruit; however, the active compounds and antifungal mechanism of HF-VM are unknown. The aims of this study were to characterize the activity of HF-VM sub-fractions (sHFThe sHFVitex mollis fruit is a novel source of antifungal caprylic acid that could be employed as a marker to prepare standardized extracts with antifungal properties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Hot water treatment (HT) induces chilling injury (CI) tolerance in mango, but prolonged exposure to HT causes softening. In this sense, calcium salts stabilize the cell wall. Nevertheless, there is little information on the effect of HT combined with calcium salts (HT-Ca) on calcium absorption and cell wall stability during storage of mango at CI temperature. We evaluated the effect of quarantine HT in combination with calcium chloride (CaCl

Free fatty acid (FFA) release from the in vitro digestion of an emulsion-filled gel using three different particle size distributions and its modeling using the Weibull function and Gallagher–Corrigan model were investigated. To produce the emulsion-filled gel, an oil/water mix was prepared and blended with sodium alginate to finally produce small calcium alginate gel cubes. Three different particle size area distributions were generated by comminuting the cubes applying 5, 10, and 15 cycles of compression/shearing. The particles were intestinally in vitro digested, and the fraction of FFA released was calculated and analyzed using the Weibull function and Gallagher–Corrigan model. The FFA release showed a sigmoidal behavior for the three particle distributions; the Weibull function did not show a good fit. The Gallagher–Corrigan model presented a good fit to the FFA data, reinforced with a random error distribution. The model parameters were able to explain the kinetic processes related to both surface emulsion release and emulsion release by matrix dissolution. In addition, some parameters were linearly correlated (R2 > 0.99) with particle size, which established a relationship between particle size and the kinetics of release attained during the first stage of the digestion curve.

Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a challenging heterogeneous disease. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and PsA (GRAPPA) last published their respective recommendations for the management of PsA in 2015. However, these guidelines are primarily based on studies conducted in resource replete countries and may not be applicable in countries in the Americas (except Canada and USA) and Africa. We sought to adapt the existing recommendations for these regions under the auspices of the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR). Process The ADAPTE Collaboration (2009) process for guideline adaptation was followed to adapt the EULAR and GRAPPA PsA treatment recommendations for the Americas and Africa. The process was conducted in three recommended phases: set-up phase; adaptation phase (defining health questions, assessing source recommendations, drafting report), and finalization phase (external review, aftercare planning, and final production). Result ILAR recommendations have been derived principally by adapting the GRAPPA recommendations, additionally, EULAR recommendations where appropriate and supplemented by expert opinion and literature from these regions. A paucity of data relevant to resource-poor settings was found in PsA management literature. Conclusion The ILAR Treatment Recommendations for PsA intends to serve as reference for the management of PsA in the Americas and Africa. This paper illustrates the experience of an international working group in adapting existing recommendations to a resource-poor setting. It highlights the need to conduct research on the management of PsA in these regions as data are currently lacking.Key Points• The paper presents adapted recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis in resource-poor settings.• The ADAPTE process was used to adapt existing GRAPPA and EULAR recommendations by collaboration with practicing clinicians from the Americas and Africa.• The evidence from resource-poor settings to answer clinically relevant questions was scant or non-existent; hence, a research agenda is proposed.

As Huntington’s disease (HD) progresses, there is a significant loss of neurons in the striatum in addition to a distinct thinning of the cerebral cortex. Despite an early presence of sensorimotor deficits in patients with HD, electrophysiological studies designed to assess the integrity of thalamocortical circuits are sparse. Using the R6/2 mouse model of HD, we provide evidence of reduced connectivity between thalamic cells and their targeted cortical regions. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from ventral anterolateral nucleus (VAL; motor) and ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM; somatosensory) thalamic neurons inex vivobrain slices of R6/2 and wild-type (WT) mice revealed that cells in both thalamic nuclei of R6/2 mice exhibited significant differences in passive and active cell membrane properties (smaller cell membrane capacitances, faster decay time constants and increased input resistances) compared with WT cells. Although only cells in the VPM of symptomatic R6/2 mice had more depolarized resting membrane potentials compared with WTs, cells in both nuclei displayed increased excitability in symptomatic, but not presymptomatic, R6/2 mice. Optical activation of VAL and VPM terminals elicited smaller magnitude current responses in cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs) in both motor cortex (M1CTX) and somatosensory barrel cortex (BCTX) of symptomatic R6/2 mice compared with CPNs in WT mice. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the frequency of thalamocortical excitatory quantal events in R6/2 BCTX CPNs, with no genotype-dependent differences in AMPA:NMDA response amplitude ratios. These data suggest there is a decrease in the transmission of thalamocortical information that is likely because of impaired neurotransmitter release.

The starch extracted from avocado (Persea americana L. cv. Hass) seeds was characterized and used in the preparation of an edible coating to reduce the oil uptake and acrylamide content in French fries. Starch characterization was carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, gelatinization, and scanning electron microscopy. Uncoated (UFF) and coated (CFF) French fries were compared and evaluated for moisture, water activity (Aw), fat, color, firmness, acrylamide content, and sensorial analysis. The extracted starch presented a high crystalline structure and good stability to mechanical work and heat treatments. The CFF French fries showed significantly higher Aw, color parameter a*, but lower luminosity and acrylamide content than UFF samples. Similarly, the CFF samples tended to decrease the fat content, although without statistical differences. Avocado seed starch can be an economical and technically feasible alternative to the food industry as an effective coating to reduce acrylamide content in French fries., The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by Universidad de Antioquia. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Laboratories of BIOALI and Sensory Analysis of the Universidad de Antioquia. The author Oscar Vega-Castro gratefully acknowledges the Corporación Universitaria Americana for the financial support of the research project. The authors are grateful to the company Poltec S.A.S (La Estrella, Medellín, Colombia)., Open Access funding provided by Colombia Consortium.

Vega is the prototypical debris disc system. Its architecture has been extensively studied at optical to millimetre wavelengths, revealing a near face-on, broad, and smooth disc with multiple distinct components. Recent millimetre-wavelength observations from ALMA spatially resolved the inner edge of the outer, cold planetesimal belt from the star for the first time. Here we present early science imaging observations of the Vega system with the AzTEC instrument on the 32-m LMT, tracing extended emission from the disc out to 150 au from the star. We compare the observations to three models of the planetesimal belt architecture to better determine the profile of the outer belt. A comparison of these potential architectures for the disc does not significantly differentiate between them with the modelling results being similar in many respects to the previous ALMA analysis, but differing in the slope of the outer region of the disc. The measured flux densities are consistent between the LMT (single dish) and ALMA (interferometric) observations after accounting for the differences in wavelength of observation. The LMT observations suggest the outer slope of the planetesimal belt is steeper than was suggested in the ALMA analysis. This would be consistent with the interferometric observations being mostly blind to structure at the disc outer edges, but the overall low signal to noise of the LMT observations does not definitively resolve the structure of the outer planetesimal belt., FK and JPM acknowledge research support by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under grant MOST107-2119-M-001-031-MY3, and Academia Sinica under grant AS-IA-106-M03. JPM acknowledges research support by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under grant MOST109-2112-M-001-036-MY3. MC thanks Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for financial support through grant CB-2015-256961.

The starch extracted from avocado (

The aim of this research was to evaluate the spatial distribution of bedding variables in a climate-controlled compost bedded pack barn (CBP) equipped with an evaporative cooling system associated with a tunnel ventilation mode. The study was conducted on a farm in the West Mesoregion of Minas, MG, Brazil. The interior of the animal facility was divided into a mesh of 120 equidistant points, where the bedding surface temperature (tb-sur), the bedding temperature at 0.20 m depth (tb-20) and the bedding penetration resistance (PRb) of layer 0 to 0.20 m depth were measured. Bedding samples were collected to obtain the moisture (Mb) and pH in the surface and at 0.20 m depth. Geostatistics technique was used to evaluate the dependence and spatial distribution. Through the bedding area, the tb-sur presented low variability, with 6 oC of amplitude, and tb-20 presented highest values (up to 55 °C). The spatial distribution of Mb-20 was similar to that observed on the surface and its highest levels occurred in the region near the feed alley (> 40%). The distribution of pH was similar in both layers. The tendency of high PRb occurred in the layer between 0.15 and 0.20 m (0 and 1500 kPa).

Salting is one of the oldest methods of preserving food. The main limitation of salting is its extended processing time due to slow salt diffusion. A moderate electric field (MEF) can improve the mass transfer rate through electroporation. Regularly, mass transfer processes are modeled with Fick’s second law. However, due to the anisotropic nature of food microstructures, it might be more appropriate to use an anomalous model. The main objective of this study was to search for a phenomenological explanation for salt and water diffusion in the salmon brining process coupled with MEF. Salmon fillets were cut into finite cylinders (0.025 × 0.025 m) and brined in two salt concentrations (6 and 24% w/w NaCl) at 6 °C for 20 h. MEFs were applied in the range of 0 to 2 V/cm. The salt and water contents of the salmon were measured during the process. Fick’s second law and anomalous model based on fractional calculus were used to describe the diffusion phenomena. The results showed that an MEF tended to reduce the brining processing time and increase the salt content of salmon. This effect is predominantly due to an increase in the equilibrium salt concentration in the salmon tissue. Mathematical analysis shows that the anomalous diffusion model is more suitable for representing the brining process, exhibiting superdiffusion behavior (α > 1). An MEF accelerates the salt mass transfer into salmon tissue even at lower temperatures, significantly reducing the processing time. In addition, the diffusion process can be characterized with an anomalous model.

The animal feed science is in constant search for new products that bring economic return, without harming the quality of the final product. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of substitution of corn by biscuit bran in lamb diet upon the fatty acid profile of its meat and its physicochemical and sensory characteristics. Twenty-four male lambs divided in four treatments were used. The treatments consisted in increasing levels (0, 15, 30, and 45%) of substitution of corn by biscuit bran in lamb diet. The significance of the treatments was determined by ANOVA and the adjusted means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. The effects were determined by linear and quadratic responses. The use of up to 45% biscuit bran sweet type did not modify the physical and sensory characteristics of meat, just as it did not affect nutrient and dry matter intakes and animal performance. A replacement of 45%, reduces the cholesterol (P = 0.03) and the total content of saturated fatty acid (P = 0.002), not modifying other physicochemical characteristics. The replacement of corn by biscuit bran sweet type in the feeding represents an alternative nutritional strategy for sheep meat production with desirable organoleptic and quality characteristics.

This paper presents data from two campaigns at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility (HAARP) in 2011 and 2012. The measurements of stimulated radio emissions (often called stimulated electromagnetic emissions or SEE) were conducted 15 km from the HAARP site. The potential of Narrowband SEE (NSEE) as a new diagnostic tool to monitor artificial irregularities excited during HF-pump heating of the ionosphere is the main goal of this paper. This has been investigated using well established diagnostics including the Modular UHF Ionospheric Radar (MUIR) and Kodiak SuperDARN radars as well as Wideband SEE (WSEE). The measured data using these three diagnostics were compared to characterize the ionospheric parameters and study the plasma irregularities generated in the interaction region. Variation of the wideband/narrowband SEE features, SuperDARN echoes, and HF-enhanced ion lines (EHIL) were studied with pump power variation, pump frequency stepping near the third electron gyro-frequency (3 f ce ) as well as changing beam angle relative to the magnetic zenith. In particular, electrostatic plasma waves and associated irregularities excited near the reflection resonance layer as well as the upper-hybrid resonance layer are investigated. The time evolution and growth rate of these irregularities are studied using the experimental observations. Close alignment of narrowband SEE (NSEE) with wideband SEE (WSEE) and EHIL was observed. SuperDARN radar echoes and WSEE also showed alignment as in previous investigations. Correlations between these three measurements underscore potential diagnostics by utilizing the NSEE spectrum to estimate ionospheric parameters such as electron temperature.

The objective of this research was to explore the advantages of apple slices dehydration (cv. Granny Smith) using a Refractance Window (RW) with and without osmotic dehydration as pretreatment and compared with conventional hot‐air drying considering the quality attributes such as color and texture. For pretreatment, the apple slices were osmotically dehydrated and coupled to a moderate electric field (9.3 V/cm) using a sucrose solution (45°Brix) at 40°C until an Aw = 0.95 was achieved. Then, apple slices (with and without pretreatment) were dehydrated using RW at 55, 75, and 95°C and compared with conventional hot‐air drying at 55°C as a control. The results showed that with dehydration using RW, both with and without pretreatment at 95°C, it was possible to achieve a similar quality of apple slices when compared with conventional hot‐air drying at 55°C, but with a significant reduction in processing time. Additionally, the dehydration process using RW presented anomalous diffusion behavior on apple slices with an α > 1. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Refractance Window (RW) is a technology used for dehydration of fruit and vegetables slices and pulp based on the refractance properties of wet materials. RW has reported promising results in processing time reduction as compared with conventional dehydration methods. In addition, the quality of the end products by RW is higher as compared with conventional drying methods. In this research, we have showed that the final product (dehydrated apple slices) using RW attained quality values (color and texture) similar to those obtained with osmotic dehydration (OD) coupled with moderate electric field (MEF)/hot‐air drying. However, the time spent by RW (50 min) was much lower than OD coupled with MEF/hot‐air drying (240 min). Then, the main advantage of RW is the capacity to dehydrate fruit and vegetables materials using temperatures around 100°C, which allow both, reduce processing time and also attain high‐quality retention.

The design and development of gluten-free foods requires a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of the raw materials to attain the same cooking and nutritional quality as gluten-based food. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal hot-air drying conditions for elaboration of cassava flour to be used in a gluten-free pasta formulation. The results showed that the operational conditions to minimize the hot-air drying time (57 min) to produce cassava flour with higher water holding capacity was 57 ℃ at 3 m/s. Then, the optimal formulation for the pasta was found to be cassava (26 g/100 g), amaranth flour (12 g/100 g), and carboxymethyl cellulose (0.23 g/100 g), which maximized the Aw (0.160), moisture content (3.10 g/100 g), hardness (5.02 N), and protein content (9.30 g/100 g), and it is used for the sensorial analysis, which showed that an earthy taste was the main problem with consumer satisfaction.

Se discute la necesidad de utilizar la modelación multicriterio como herramienta de modelación en la gestión de los diversos recursos que se gestionan en los sistemas logísticos. Para desarrollarlo se emplearon diversas técnicas de la estadística mult ivariada, a partir del análisis de fuentes bibliográficas donde se hace referencia a la variedad de naturalezas que existen en el proceso de toma de decisiones en los sistemas logístico que demandan de la utilización de técnicas y métodos de esta índole. E n el artículo se muestra la evolución de la Investigación de Operaciones desde una perspectiva logística y se plantea una tendencia conceptual de la modelación matemática que permite visualizar su aplicación al campo de la Logística Empresarial. Como princ ipal conclusión se demostró que la modelación multicriterio es necesaria para desarrollar una eficiente gestión de los recursos en los sistemas logísticos.

Compost bedded pack (CBP) barns have been receiving increased attention as an alternative housing system for dairy cattle. To create a satisfactory environment within CBP barns that promotes a good composting process, an adequate air movement and minimal temperature fluctuations throughout the building are required. Therefore, a study based on compost barn structure model employing techniques of dimensional analysis for naturally ventilated buildings was developed. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of compost barns with different ridge designs and wind direction, along with the visual demonstration of the impact on airflow through structure were performed. The results showed that the barn ventilation CFD model and simulations were in good agreement with the experimental measurements, predicting the airflow through the CBP barns structure for alternative roof ridge types adequately. The results also indicate that the best roof configuration in the winter was the open ridge with chimney for a west to east wind direction.

The black globe temperature (Tg) is employed in thermal comfort studies. It is mainly used to compute the Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) required in bioclimatic analysis. A set of low cost Black Globe Thermometers (BGT) was developed to establish a suitable combination of temperature transducers, materials and globe diameters. The dynamic and static responses of the BGT were studied. A total of 18 BGT was deployed along with a data acquisition system based in the Arduino open-source platform. It was analyzed the influence of the globe material (metallic and polyethylene), globe diameter (100 mm and 67 mm for the metallic and 78 mm for polyethylene) and six types of temperature transducers (K type thermocouple, infrared temperature sensor, thermistor, RTD and two semiconductor-based transducers). It was observed that Tg estimation and response time were transducer and stimuli dependent. The BGT presents good responses for indoor measurements and it was established that the most accurate combination was achieved by the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor with a metallic globe of 67 mm of diameter.

Background The MMP-3 is a matrixin calcium-dependent zinc-containing; the major expressed in rheumatoid synovial tissue; with essential role in the degradation of both aggrecan and collagen fibrils. Objectives The aim was to evaluate the correlation of MMP3 levels with assessment scores of RA activity. Methods 109 patients with RA as per the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were included in the prospective Study ALTRA. Patients were divided into groups of early arthritis active, established arthritis active, and remission with conventional remissive or biological remissive. The levels of MMP3 and activity scores: DAS28-ERS, DAS28-CPR, SDAI and SDAI were on the basis of predefined cut-offs. The correlation was determined with the Pearson Test for parametric variables and the Spearman Test for non-parametric variables. Results The levels of MMP3 in patients with early RA Vs established were 63.2 and 39.9 U/ml, p MMP3 levels of patients with activity measured by DAS28-ESR were 62.9 in the active and 35.2 U/ml in remission, p The correlation between serum levels of MMP3 and DAS28-ERS was 0.21 (p Conclusions Elevated MMP3 levels indicate state of disease activity; besides the addition in the expression of the collagen damage. This finding may help in making decisions in clinical practice. References [1] Ohrndorf S, Fischer IU, Kellner H, Strunk J, Hartung W, Reiche B, et al. Reliability of the novel 7-joint ultrasound score: results from an inter- and intraobserver study performed by rheumatologists. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)2012;64(8):1238–43. [2] Houseman M, Potter C, Marshall N, Lakey R, Cawston T, Griffiths I, et al. Baseline serum MMP-3 levels in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis are still independently predictive of radiographic progression in a longitudinal observational cohort at 8 years follow up. Arthritis Res Ther2012;14(1):R30. [3] Moller I, Janta I, Backhaus M, Ohrndorf S, Bong DA, Martinoli C, et al. The 2017 EULAR standardised procedures for ultrasound imaging in rheumatology. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(12):1974–9. [4] Siddiqui IJ, Luz J, Borg-Stein J, O’Connor K, Bockbrader M, Rainey H, et al. The Current State of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Education in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Programs. PM R. 2016;8(7):660–6. [5] Willemze A, Toes RE, Huizinga TW, Trouw LA. New biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. Neth J Med. 2012;70(9):392–9. Acknowledgements Lic. Marcela Tafur Disclosure of Interest None declared

Background The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and PsA (GRAPPA) updated their respective recommendations for the management of PsA in 2015. However, these guidelines are primarily based on studies conducted in resource replete countries; hence they may not be applicable to countries in Central and South America, and Africa. Therefore, new ILAR recommendations have been developed for these regions adapted from existing recommendations. Objectives To establish ILAR recommendations for the management of PsA in resource poor settings, particularly Central/South America and Africa, using an expert local panel, adaptation of existing EULAR and GRAPPA treatment recommendations and a new systematic literature review (SLR) for specific issues in resource-poor countries. Methods The ADAPTE Collaboration process1 for guideline adaptation was followed to assess and adapt the EULAR and GRAPPA treatment recommendations for PsA covering the Americas and Africa. The process was conducted according to its three phases: set-up phase (identifying and seeing agreement from a panel of participants from the relevant countries), adaptation phase (defining health questions using the PIPOH tool, assessing the two source recommendations, conducting an SLR to answer health questions not addressed in the two source recommendations, assessing quality of source recommendations, assessing applicability of principles contained in the source recommendations, and drafting adapted recommendations), and finalisation phase (external review, aftercare planning and final production). Results Five principles for the management of PsA were developed addressing 1. Goals of therapy, 2. Assessment of domains, 3. Assessment of relevant comorbidities, 4. Safety of pharmacotherapy and shared decision making, and 5. Frequency of follow up. Six recommendations for the management of PsA were also developed addressing 1. Goals of therapy, 2. Screening and management of tuberculosis, HIV, HBV, HCV, Chagas’ disease, leishmaniasis, leprosy, and other concomitant comorbidities, 3. Frequency of monitoring in resource poor countries, 4. Safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy in all domains, 5. Efficacy and safety of combination therapy, and 6. Safety and efficacy of biosimilars and intended copies. Conclusions ILAR recommendations for the management of PsA in resource-poor countries are now available, developed by adapting principally the GRAPPA recommendations, but also the EULAR recommendations, supplemented by expert opinion from these regions. Reference [1] The ADAPTE Collaboration. The ADAPTE Process: Resource Toolkit for Guideline Adaptation, Version 2.0 2009. [Available from] http://wwwg-i-n.net Disclosure of Interest None declared

Here we explored the morphological modification conducted by pulsed laser ablation in a high-purity ion-implanted silica substrate with embedded gold nanoparticles. The ablation process was performed by a two-wave mixing method at 532 nm with 26 ps pulse duration. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy techniques. Analytical and experimental observations pointed out that an interference laser pattern can produce structured arrays at the sample surface. Besides, it is showed that the presence of periodic SiO 2 /Au fringes strongly enhances the mechanical nanocomposites performance. Additionally, a statistical analysis was carried out to establish possible relations between mechanical characteristics and morphological features. Experimental measurements allowed us to consider that multi-wave metal/brittle interface interactions can be good candidates for developing selective effects based on metallic nanoparticles.

The effect of residual stress of multiple welding repairs in seamless API 5L X52 on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility was evaluated. Four repairs of the girth weld were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the internal face of the pipe to measure residual stresses in longitudinal and circumferential direction. Residual stresses in the circumferential and longitudinal direction reach values of about 77% and 58% of the UTS (460 MPa) respectively, approaching to the YS of the steel (360 MPa). It was observed that its magnitude increases as move away from weld center line. SCC susceptibility of X52 steel welded joints with the residual Original Research Article Contreras et al.; BJAST, 6(6): 621-634, 2015; Article no.BJAST.2015.117 622 stresses generated was evaluated through slow strain rate tests (SSRT) in a soil solution at low and high pH. Relation between mechanical properties and residual stresses on the SCC susceptibility was analyzed. SCC index obtained from the mechanical properties of SSRT indicate good SCC resistance of X52 steel exposed to soil solution at low and high pH. From these results, it is suggested that the region with high residual stresses before to generate cracks in the steel surface due to the combination of soil solution and the strain applied, should favor pitting formation and not cracking. Initiation of micro-cracks from these pits will depend on the geometrical form of the pit and the stresses state can be established at given pitting. It is suggested that initiation of micro-cracks from these pits may depend on the dissolution rate and morphology of the pitting and stresses on the bottom of the pitting. This favorable condition could appear increasing the soil exposition time of the steel and reducing the strain rate applied on the SSRT.

El estudio de las habilidades linguisticas orales y escritas de los ninos preescolares, guarda relevancia a nivel social y a nivel de investigacion para el cuerpo de conocimientos de la Psicologia. A nivel social la lectura y la escritura hoy en dia implican una responsabilidad social que esta asociada de la infancia a la vida adulta y es un proceso que tiene lugar tanto dentro como fuera de la escuela, que debe centrarse en el aprendizaje y tener un sentido de funcionalidad. Su meta incluye la adquisicion, el desarrollo y uso efectivo de la alfabetizacion, ademas es un proceso de aprendizaje que dura y se perfecciona a lo largo de toda la vida, como desarrollo de la expresion y la comunicacion tanto oral como escrita, con una vision del lenguaje como totalidad, es decir, tomando en cuenta el hablar, escuchar, leer, escribir. Precisamente en este capitulo se presenta una manera de explorar la forma en que evoluciona el lenguaje en los ninos.

Este libro presenta una vision de la evolucion del lenguaje infantil en la etapa de los 3 anos 6 meses y los 5 anos con 11 meses de edad que se encuentran en educacion preescolar. El lector podra encontrar en este libro como el lenguaje lo aprenden los ninos usandolo, la sociedad les provee el lenguaje y ellos van tomando conciencia de su funcion comunicativa, aprendiendo de el al estar inmerso en un contexto donde se interactua y comunica a traves del lenguaje en sus distintas formas: hablada, escrita y no verbal. No existe un momento fijo de adquisicion, los ninos van desarrollando habilidades del lenguaje desde su nacimiento, y estas habilidades se van transformando, como un proceso continuo, tal es el caso del lenguaje en su modalidad oral, pero tambien en su modalidad escrita, la primera comienza a desarrollarse desde el nacimiento, y la segunda en un tiempo posterior segun las experiencias alfabetizadoras del contexto donde van creciendo los ninos. Se expone la investigacion realizada en ninos de cinco cohortes de edad en un estudio longitudinal sectorial en el que se encontro la evidencia empirica de interaccion y prediccion inconstante del lenguaje oral sobre el lenguaje escrito a traves del tiempo, asi mismo se encontraron modelos no lineales que retratan la forma de evolucion de las habilidades linguisticas orales y escritas analizadas. El libro se compone de siete capitulos sobre: Un primer acercamiento a la evolucion del lenguaje en los ninos, Evolucion del lenguaje oral y escrito en los ninos, Evaluacion de la evolucion del lenguaje en los ninos, Evidencias de como evoluciona el lenguaje en los ninos, Importancia teorica y practica de la evaluacion del lenguaje en los ninos, Directrices futuras en el estudio de la evolucion del lenguaje en los ninos y Validacion del analisis cuantitativo del estudio empirico.

Background Both Peptydil arginine deiminase of P. gingivalis (pPAD), and the human enzyme (hPAD), could citrullinarize peptides from the bacteria and human host in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients (RA). Chronic periodontitis (CP) could be associated with a constant generation of citrullinated proteins, and it lead to a proportional hPAD enzymatic production. Objectives The aim was to demonstrate the association between serum levels of hPAD4 and severe Periodontitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Patients with RA (n=127) matched with healthy controls (n=120) were studied in a cross-sectional study. Levels of human recombinant antigens for hPAD4; cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP3, IgG), Rheumatoid factor (IgM) and C-reactive protein (CRP); determined by ELISA test. The CP was classified according to the recommendations of the International Workshop for Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. Bivariate analysis to demonstrate the associations, and non-parametric analyzes were used according to the case. Results There were no significant demographic diffrences between the two groups. The median hPAD4 level was 1.21 (95% CI 1.4–1.7) in RA and 0.75 (95% CI 0.94–1.26) ng/ml in controls, (p The frequency of CP was higher in patients with RA than in controls (66.9 vs 43%, p A significant correlation was found between levels of hPAD4 with the DAS28 ESR score (p 2.0) correlated with hPAD4 levels (P Conclusions hPAD4 levels correlate with the severity of CP independent of the RA presence and in RA subjects with high score of disability and activity disease. The hPAD4 could be proposed as a serological marker of clinical severity in chronic diseases such as CP and RA. References Rose, H.M., C. Ragan, and et al., Differential agglutination of normal and sensitized sheep erythrocytes by sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 1948. 68(1): p. 1–6. Girbal-Neuhauser, E., et al., The epitopes targeted by the rheumatoid arthritis-associated antifilaggrin autoantibodies are posttranslationally generated on various sites of (pro)filaggrin by deimination of arginine residues. J Immunol, 1999. 162(1): p. 585–94. Lundberg, K., et al., Antibodies to citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 are specific for rheumatoid arthritis and cross-react with bacterial enolase. Arthritis Rheum, 2008. 58(10): p. 3009–19. Mikuls, T.R., et al., Periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2014. 66(5): p. 1090–100. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and resonant phenomena are well known in the context of laser fusion, fiber optics, and piezoelectric semiconductor plasmas, as well as in various biological applications. Due to recent advances, active space experiments using high-power high-frequency (HF) radio waves may now produce stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in the ionospheric plasma. The sensitivity of the narrowband SBS emission lines to pump frequency stepping across electron gyroharmonics is reported here for the first time. Experimental observations show that SBS emission sidebands are suppressed as the HF pump frequency is stepped across the second and third electron gyroharmonics. A correlation of artificially enhanced airglow and SBS emission lines excited at the upper hybrid altitude is observed and studied for second gyroharmonic heating. The SBS behavior near electron gyroharmonics is shown to have important diagnostic applications for multilayered, multi-ion component plasmas such as the ionosphere.

The main objective of the present study is to measure the residual stresses in the circumferential welding joints of X52 pipeline steel with multiple welding repairs, and then relate these residual stresses to study the influence on the high pH stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility. Four conditions of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) repairs of the girth weld were evaluated. The residual stresses were measured through X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the internal side of the pipe in longitudinal and circumferential direction. Residual stresses in the circumferential and longitudinal direction reach values of about 98 and 74% of the yielding strength (360 MPa) respectively. The effect of residuals stresses in the high pH-SCC susceptibility of X52 pipeline steel was evaluated through slow strain rate tests (SSRT) in a simulated soil solution. Relation between SCC index and residual stresses on the SCC susceptibility was analyzed. Results of SCC index taking account the ratios obtained from the mechanical properties of the welding joints evaluate (containing different levels of residual stresses) showed good SCC resistance. It was observed that increasing the magnitude of residual stresses, the SCC susceptibility increases. For all the SSRT specimens the failure occurs in the base metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) interface.

This work presents the residual stress assessment of multiple welding repairs in the same area in seamless API X52 low carbon pipeline. Four conditions of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) repairs and one as welded specimen of the girth weld were evaluated to determine changes in the microstructure (metal base, weld bead and heat affected zone) to evaluate their effect on the residuals stresses and mechanical properties of the welded joints. One of the mainly adverse effect of residuals stresses are in the susceptibility of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of buried pipelines. The residual stresses were measured through X-ray diffraction (XRD). Samples were evaluated on the internal side of the pipe in longitudinal and circumferential direction. Circumferential residual stresses are greater than longitudinal stresses. Microstructural characterization of the welding joints through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. Relation between microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stresses was carried out. In general, the grain size increases with the number of repairs, and consequently there is an increase in residual stresses. Significant reduction in Charpy-V impact resistance with the number of weld repairs was observed overall in the weld fusion line. The hardness and strength increase in the first repair and in subsequent repairs decrease. As increasing the average grain size, the hardness and the absorbed energy decreases. Generally, the residual stresses showed a tendency to decrease in the first repair and after showed an increase with the number of repairs. It is clear that residual stresses depend more than the position of measurement than the welding repair number, which is directly relate with the microstructure and phases presented.